Deck 3: Skills Approach

Question 1

The research Mumford et al. completed used a sample of

A) College business students
B) Corporate executives
C) High school principals
D) Army officers

Answer 1

D

Question 2

_______ are what leaders can accomplish, whereas _______ are who leaders are.

A) Traits and outcomes
B) Behaviors and skills
C) Skills and traits
D) Outcomes and skills
E) Goals and skills

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The research Katz completed for his article describing the skills of an effective administrator

A) Was quantitative research
B) Was qualitative research
C) Was a meta-analysis of skills research
D) Was research focused on attributes of leaders

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A leader using human skills will

A) Develop criteria for the implementation of a new product
B) Use sensitivity to assess the needs and motivations of others
C) Use tools and techniques to get things done
D) Create the vision for restructuring the organization

Question 5

Which of the following is a competency in Mumford's Skills Model?

A) Leadership outcomes
B) Crystallized cognitive ability
C) Career experiences
D) Personality
E) Knowledge

Question 6

Mumford et al.'s model is characterized as a capability model because

A) It identifies leader traits that followers perceived as valuable
B) It identifies behaviors leaders use that are value-added in the workplace
C) It examines the relationship between knowledge and skills and leader performance
D) It implies leadership is reserved for a gifted few who are knowledgeable about the work

Question 7

Leadership skills research attempts to

A) Identify largely fixed abilities in leaders
B) Identify multiple behaviors in leaders
C) Identify personality factors of leadership
D) Identify competencies that can be acquired by leaders

Question 8

Social judgment skill is similar to

A) Sociability in trait approach
B) Katz's human skill
C) Katz's technical skill
D) Knowledge in Mumford's model
E) Referent power

Question 9

Leadership skills are defined in the Chapter as

A) Using individual attributes to communicate well with others
B) Developing behaviors for effective leadership outcomes
C) Technical ability to interact in the work environment
D) Knowledge and competencies to accomplish goals

Question 10

In Mumford's Skills Model, social judgment skill is defined as

A) The accumulation of information and the mental structures to organize the information
B) Intellectual ability learned or acquired over time
C) The capacity to understand people and social systems
D) Creative ability to solve new/unusual, ill-defined organizational problems

Question 11

The classic article "Skills of an Effective Administrator" by Katz was published in the

A) Journal of Leadership Education
B) Harvard Business Review
C) Journal of Education and Behavior
D) Forbes Business Journal

Question 12

Human skills are about working with

A) Ideas
B) Concepts
C) People
D) Things

Question 13

According to Katz's skills model, which two skills are most important for supervisory- (low-) level managers to be successful leaders?

A) Technical skill and human skill
B) Human skill and conceptual skill
C) Technical skill and conceptual skill
D) All three skills are equally important for supervisory level management

Question 14

Technical skills are the

A) Ability to work with things
B) Ability to work cooperatively with others
C) Ability to work with ideas
D) Ability to be behaviorally flexible

Question 15

The main goal of Mumford et al.'s research was

A) To identify effective human leadership skills
B) To understand military structure
C) To explain the elements of effective performance
D) To refute Katz's work on administrative skills

Question 16

A chief operating officer of the company who applies the level of administrative skills to the degrees delineated in Katz's model

A) Incorporates the entire staff in the process of shaping the company's goals
B) Is more "hands-on" with producing the company's product than interacting with staff
C) Has higher involvement with things than people or ideas
D) Avoids getting to know the staff

Question 17

Developed the Three Skill Model of leadership.

A) Katz
B) Stogdill
C) Goleman
D) Mumford et al.
E) Zaccaro

Question 18

Which of the following presents a competency-based approach to leadership?

A) Trait approach
B) Skills approach
C) Style approach
D) Great person approach
E) Psychodynamic approach

Question 19

At the upper-management level in an organization

A) Technical skills are not important
B) Human skills are not important
C) Technical skills are more important than conceptual skills
D) Technical skills are less important than human skills

Question 20

The skills approach takes a _____________ on leadership, like the trait approach.

A) Leader-follower centered perspective
B) Organizational-centered perspective
C) Situational-centered perspective
D) Leader-centered perspective

Question 21

In the skills model, crystallized knowledge refers to

A) Intelligence quotient
B) Intellectual ability acquired over time
C) Motivation
D) Effectiveness
E) Inherent knowledge

Question 22

In the skills model, which of these is a general cognitive ability?

A) Knowledge
B) Information processing
C) Motivation
D) Intellectual ability acquired over time
E) Problem-solving skills

Question 23

By including such a large number of components, the skills approach and its models are criticized for

A) Being too similar to previously detailed approaches to leadership
B) Stressing the value of developing specific skills
C) The range of skills extending beyond the boundaries of leadership
D) Not being consistent with aspects of leadership education programs
E) Not being readily available to all

Question 24

Which of the following attributes begins to decline in later adulthood?

A) Personality
B) Motivation
C) Crystallized cognitive ability
D) General cognitive ability
E) Effectiveness

Question 25

Performance outcome is measured by

A) Standard external criteria
B) Original solutions to problems
C) Solutions that go beyond given information.
D) Follower reaction to leader behavior.
E) Leaders own perspective.

Question 26

Which of the following is not an example of an internal environmental influence that can affect leadership outcomes?

A) Skill level of employees
B) Gender ratio of employees
C) Up-to-date technology
D) An economic recession
E) Group communication processes

Question 27

Which of the following is not a competency in the skills model?

A) Problem-solving skills
B) Cognitive ability
C) Social judgment skills
D) Knowledge
E) Confidence

Question 28

The abilities that help a leader to work effectively with subordinates, peers, and superiors to accomplish the organizational goal.

A) Technical skills
B) Conceptual skills
C) Human skills
D) Problem-solving skills
E) Personality skills

Question 29

Birds hitting a plane on takeoff causing engine failure in flight is an example of what component of the Skills Model by Mumford?

A) Competencies
B) Individual attributes
C) Career experiences
D) Environmental influence

Question 30

All of the following environmental influences are external except

A) Slow Internet
B) Traffic
C) Computer network crash
D) Unplowed parking lot
E) Inexperienced followers

Question 31

The individual attributes factor in the skills model suggests

A) That complex problem-solving is not difficult.
B) That traits are not important to leadership.
C) That the skills model is not just a competency-based model.
D) Motivation plays little to no role within the model.
E) Personality influence is minimal.

Question 32

Within an organization, the employees in the information technology department are crucial for the success of the organization due to their

A) Judgment skills
B) Problem-solving skills
C) Conceptual skills
D) Technical skills
E) Human skills

Question 33

Bill is in charge of hiring a new manager for the first shift on the production line. According To Katz's model, Bill should be looking for a person with

A) Problem-solving skills
B) Cognitive ability
C) Social judgment skills
D) Knowledge
E) Technical skills

Question 34

According to Katz, the most important leadership skills for lower-levels of management are

A) Technical skills
B) Problem-solving skills
C) Technical, human, and conceptual skills
D) Technical and human skills
E) Conceptual and human skills

Question 35

Jim is a district manager of Wendy's in west Michigan. When he hires people, the most important thing he looks for is whether people are good problem solvers.

A) Jim is using the trait approach.
B) Jim is using Katz's skills approach.
C) Jim is using the Mumford Skills model.
D) Jim is using the style approach.
E) Jim is using work experience.

Question 36

The environmental influences listed are all internal with the exception of

A) Slow Internet service
B) Flooding of the office
C) Highly competent followers
D) Limited office space

Question 37

Which of these statements about the skills approach is false?

A) Describes leadership as something that is available to everyone
B) It is applicable to leaders at all levels within the organization
C) It clearly predicts how variations in social judgment and problem-solving skills affect performance
D) Knowledge about and ability to work with people is important in this approach

Question 38

Pat Smith is personnel director for a large bank. Her major goal is to find a person who can adapt his or her leadership to different types of people and situations. Pat is basing her selections
On

A) The great person approach
B) The trait approach
C) The skills approach
D) Leader emergence theory
E) Crystallized cognitive ability

Question 39

Developed a capability model that includes individual attributes, competencies, and leadership outcomes.

A) Katz
B) Stogdill
C) Goleman
D) Mumford et al.
E) Zaccaro

Question 40

The environmental influences listed are all internal, with the exception of

A) Slow Internet
B) Limited office space
C) Highly competent followers
D) Simplistic task
E) Flooding of the office

Question 41

The ideas and mental abilities that people learn through experiences can best be described as

A) Crystal cognitive ability
B) Motivation
C) Career experiences
D) General cognitive ability
E) Performance

Question 42

The knowledge competency in the skills model is most similar to

A) Self-confidence in trait approach
B) Katz's conceptual skill
C) Katz's technical skill
D) Knowledge in Mumford's model

Question 43

Jonathan has equally high skills in managing relationships with the employees he supervises and in helping the firm shape the vision for growth. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Jonathan?

A) Top management
B) Middle management
C) Supervisory management
D) Dictatorial management

Question 44

You recently received a promotion to a higher level of management within your organization. This is your third promotion with your department. What best represents this type
Of promotion and its outcomes?

A) Personality
B) Motivation
C) Environmental influences
D) Career experiences
E) Problem-solving skills

Question 45

Skills approach helps us best identify our

A) Place within an organization
B) Strengths and weaknesses
C) Performance as a leader
D) Outcomes of our leadership
E) Problem-solving skills

Question 46

Ashlyn focuses her energy at her car manufacturing company on assessing market fluctuations and shaping the goals of the organization for the future. She communicates well with her staff and enjoys the social aspect of work with the people around her. She leaves the details and daily operations primarily to other capable staff in the organization. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Johanna?

A) Top management
B) Middle management
C) Supervisory management
D) Low-level management

Question 47

The problem-solving component of the skills model

A) Assesses leader performance
B) Demonstrates ability to construct organizational solutions
C) Demonstrates leader personality
D) Assesses social perceptions and behavioral flexibility

Question 48

Which skills model competency consists of creating a schema for learning and organizing data?

A) Personality
B) Knowledge
C) Perceptive taking
D) Career experiences

Question 49

Mumford's skills model contends that leadership outcomes are the direct result of

A) A leader's sociability
B) A leader's career experiences
C) A leader's willingness to lead
D) A leader's competencies

Question 50

A supervisory-level manager of a company who applies the level of administrative skills to the degrees delineated in Katz's model

A) Incorporates the entire staff in the process of shaping the company's goals
B) Is more "hands-on" with producing the company's product than interacting with staff
C) Has higher involvement with ideas than with people
D) Avoids getting to know the staff

Question 51

What best explains the comparison of the skills approach to sports such as golf and tennis?

A) Specific techniques are required to succeed.
B) Input from both sides takes place constantly.
C) Tools are essential in improving your skills.
D) People can improve their skills through practice and instruction.
E) Skills go back and forth between leaders and followers.

Question 52

Problem solving is

A) A competency
B) A trait
C) An individual attribute
D) A leader outcome

Question 53

Which is not a social judgment skill?

A) Perspective taking
B) Behavioral flexibility
C) Social performance
D) Knowledge acquisition

Question 54

Johanna is excellent at applying tax law and other accounting principles in her job as a manager in her accounting firm. She has equally high skills in working with the employees she supervises but does not have as much skill in helping the firm shape the vision for growth. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Johanna?

A) Top management
B) Middle management
C) Supervisory management
D) CEO management

Question 55

Additional research completed by Mumford, Campion, and Morgeson used a four skill model to assess cognitive, interpersonal, business, and strategic skills in managers at junior and senior levels of an organization. The research findings in this study were most similar to

A) Katz's hierarchical three skills model
B) Mumford's skills model
C) Blake and Mouton's leadership grid
D) The Ohio State studies

Question 56

The problem-solving competency in the skills model is most similar to

A) Dominance in trait approach
B) Katz's conceptual skill
C) Katz's technical skill
D) Knowledge in Mumford's model

Question 57

The research by Mumford et al. was done on a sample of

A) Higher education administrators
B) High-level managers in industry
C) Managers at multiple levels of industry
D) Military leaders at multiple levels

Question 58

Skill in persuasion and communicating change describes which social judgment competency?

A) Behavioral flexibility
B) Social perceptiveness
C) Social performance
D) Social intelligence

Question 59

Which part of the skills model supports people as they apply their leadership competencies?

A) Individual attributes
B) Technical skills
C) Knowledge
D) Leadership outcomes

Question 60

Tamika uses her ability to sense and perceive her staff's emotions every day to help them feel comfortable in the workplace. She is very knowledgeable about day-to-day operations and also is quite successful at anticipating problems and sharing ideas for improvements up the chain of command. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Tamika?

A) Top management
B) Middle management
C) Supervisory management
D) Impoverished management

Question 61

Effective problem solving and performance can be explained by leader competencies, and these competencies are affected by

A) The followers
B) Leader's attributes
C) Career experiences
D) The environment

Question 62

General cognitive ability is similar to which of the five leadership traits in this text?

A) Sociability
B) Dominance
C) Extraversion
D) Intelligence
E) Self-confidence

Question 63

The skills approach framework

A) Can be applied at all levels of leadership
B) Has been applied to many formal training programs
C) Has been widely used in formal training programs
D) Can be applied to followership training programs

Question 64

Environmental influences directly contribute to which of the other components of Mumford et. al's skills model?

A) Competencies
B) Leadership outcomes
C) Career experiences
D) Individual attributes

Question 65

Leadership outcomes in Mumford et. al's skills model is affected by

A) Individual attributes
B) Problem-solving ability
C) Career experiences
D) Authority-compliance behaviors

Question 66

Katz started the research focus on skills during a time when

A) There finally was a definitive list of leader traits described in the literature
B) There was still disagreement about leader traits in the literature
C) There was no research yet on the individual attributes of leaders
D) There was emphasis in the literature on putting followers first

Question 67

Mumford's Skills Model includes which of these main components?

A) Technical skill
B) Individual attributes
C) Competencies
D) Leadership outcomes
E) Decision-making skill

Question 68

The skills approach is

A) High in predictive value
B) Narrow in its focus
C) Suitable for application across leadership contexts
D) Is not suitable for application across leadership contexts

Question 69

Social judgment competencies include

A) Social intelligence
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Social performance
D) Behavioral flexibility

Question 70

The intuitive appeal of the skills approach is

A) Because it is available to everyone
B) Because skills can be learned
C) Because we can identify with the leader
D) Because skills transform followers

Question 71

The structure of the skills approach is

A) Consistent with followership education programs
B) Consistent with leadership education programs
C) Is not compatible with leadership education programs
D) Is precise enough to assure good leadership outcomes

Question 72

Career experiences directly contribute to which of the other components of Mumford et. al's skills model?

A) Competencies
B) Leadership outcomes
C) Environmental influences
D) Individual attributes

Question 73

Research data on Mumford et al.'s model was tested on military personnel. Which of the following is true?

A) The model can be effectively applied to leadership skills in small organizations
B) The model can be effectively applied to leadership skills in large organizations
C) The model cannot be effectively applied to leadership skills in startup businesses
D) The model can be effectively applied to leadership skills in startup businesses

Question 74

Which is not a strength of the skills approach?

A) It is intuitively appealing
B) Skills can be learned
C) It has high predictive value
D) It is an expansive view of leadership

Question 75

The basic premise of the skills approach is to

A) Identify the behaviors necessary for leadership
B) Identify the behaviors of leaders
C) Identify the skills of leaders
D) Identify the individual attributes of leaders

Question 76

Individual leader attributes can affect the leaders skills, but it is the _____ themselves that are most important in addressing organizational problems.

A) Traits
B) Behaviors
C) Skills
D) Followers

Question 77

The breadth of the skills approach, which includes motivation, critical thinking, and personality

A) Is a strength of this approach
B) Is a weakness of this approach
C) Adds to the precise nature of the approach
D) Adds to the approaches' prescriptive value

Question 78

Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up Katz's managerial/leadership hierarchy.

Question 79

Katz describes human skill as

A) Being aware of one's own perspective on issues
B) Being competent with the process or product within a company
C) Being aware of the perspective of others on issues
D) Being able to shape the ideas of an organization

Question 80

The skills approach is primarily

A) Descriptive
B) Prescriptive
C) Unscripted
D) Technical