Deck 6: Nokia Virtual Private Routed Networks

Question 1

Which of the following is a function of an SPS Diameter IOH VM?

A) Provides logs and alarms to management
B) Terminates signaling connections to the network
C) Terminates HTTP and LDAP connections
D) Manages configuration of other VMs in the VNF

Answer 1

Terminates signaling connections to the network

Question 2

Which of the following about CMG CUPS architecture is FALSE?

A) CMG user plane VNF implements the SGW-U, PGW-U, and GGSN-U functionalities
B) A 7750 SR MG communicates with a CMG control plane VNF over Sx interface
C) CMG control plane VNF can be deployed in LB-mode or LB-less mode
D) CMG user plane VNF can be deployed in LB-mode or LB-less mode

Answer 2

CMG control plane VNF can be deployed in LB-mode or LB-less mode

Question 3

Which of the following network elements is implemented by the Nokia CPC?

A) Policy and charging rules function (PCRF)
B) Equipment Identity Registration (EIR)
C) Application Function (AF)
D) eNodeB

Answer 3

Policy and charging rules function (PCRF)

Question 4

Which of the following management tools performs the function of virtual infrastructure manager (VIM) in the CPC NFV architecture?

A) NetAct
B) CloudBand Infrastructure Software (CBIS)
C) Operations Support System (OSS)
D) Network Service Platform (NSP)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the data switch fabric (DSF) network in CMG is TRUE?

A) It is a VNF external Layer 3 network
B) It must be VirtIO based
C) It carries signaling messages between MG-VMs and LB-VMs in LB mode
D) It carries data plane traffic between MG-VMs and LB-VMs in LB-less mode

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding CMM internal IP management (IIPM) is FALSE?

A) IIPM manages reachability between CMM VNF components.
B) IIPM monitors connectivity over two vNIC ports when two internal networks are used.
C) With IIPM, broadcast messages are sent periodically between VMs.
D) IIPM uses BFD to provide a fast switchover in case of an internal reachability failure.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding CMM scaling is TRUE?

A) DBS VMs can scale out in steps of a single VM.
B) NECC VMs can scale out in steps of a single VM.
C) CPPS VMs can scale out in steps of a single VM.
D) IPDS VMs can scale out in steps of a single VM.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding CMM call processing is TRUE?

A) Call processing services are deployed in active-standby mode and resources are fully duplicated
B) Call processing services are deployed in pure stateless mode and UE contexts are only stored in an external database
C) Call processing services are deployed in hybrid mode and UE contexts are stored both locally and in an external database
D) Call processing services are deployed in all-active mode and UE contexts are only stored locally

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the CMM virtual network function (VNF) architecture is FALSE?

A) The CMM VNF consists of multiple virtual machines that run on top of a cloud infrastructure.
B) The load balancer layer terminates external logical interfaces.
C) The transaction layer processes 3G user plane.
D) The CMM VNF follows a multi-tier architecture where each tier can scale independently.

Question 10

Which of the following Nokia products is used to perform lifecycle management operations on CMM?

A) CloudBand infrastructure software (CBIS)
B) CloudBand application manager (CBAM)
C) CloudBand network director (CBND)
D) Network services platform (NSP)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about SR-IOV is FALSE?

A) VMs using OVS and SR-IOV can be instantiated on the same compute node.
B) SR-IOV offers comparable performance to non-visualized hardware.
C) The VM must be attached to the PF to achieve highest performance.
D) Using SR-IOV restricts VM mobility.

Question 12

Which of the following describes the 2N model for VM redundancy?

A) There is one active VM and one standby VM that takes over if the active VM fails.
B) Thera are N active VMs and a pool of standby VMs that can take over if one or more active VMs fail.
C) There are N active VMs, each one paired with a standby VM that takes over if its active VM fails.
D) There are 2N active VMs deployed to support a service that needs N active VMs, with extra capacity in case one or more VMs fail.

Question 13

Which of the following describes the benefit of using huge pages?

A) Huge pages improves the performance of mapping virtual memory addresses to physical memory addresses.
B) Huge pages improves the performance of decreasing the number of memory accesses involved in a page table walk.
C) Huge pages improves the performance of swapping by increasing the number of TLB cache hits.
D) Huge pages improves the performance of swapping by optimizing the loading of pages to main memory.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the CMM Network Element Cluster Controller (NECC)?

A) Provides a centralized operation and management unit
B) Provides statistics and log information
C) Terminates 2G logical interfaces
D) Enables monitoring and troubleshooting functionality

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the reason for CPU pinning?

A) To ensure that a VM is assigned to high performance CPU cores.
B) To ensure that a VM's CPU cores area all allocated on the same NUMA node.
C) To ensure that a VM is assigned to a compute node with adequate resources.
D) To ensure that a VM is assigned a sufficient number of CPU cores.

Question 16

Which of the following networks is NOT required by CMM?

A) An OAM network for CMM management
B) An internal network for inter-VM communication
C) A data switch fabric for carrying 3G data plane traffic between IPDS and IPPS.
D) An external network for communication with external entities.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about 5G deployment option 3 is FALSE?

A) Core network may be EPC or next-generation core
B) There is a data plane interface between eNB and EPC
C) eNB has both control plane and data plane connections to the core
D) There is an X2 interface between eNB and gNB

Question 18

Which of the following statements about 4G-5G CN-level interworking solution is FALSE?

A) It requires a direct interface between the two radio nodes serving the UE
B) The UE manages the LTE and NR interface connections independently
C) The UE can be registered to both EPC and next generation core
D) The UE IP address remains the same despite changes in the network that the UE connects to

Question 19

Which of the following statements about CMG inter-VNF geo-redundancy is FALSE?

A) Only the master CMG instance handles call processing and data path forwarding
B) 1:1 geo-redundancy mode is used
C) Master CMG instance synchronizes subscriber information to its slave CMG instance
D) Slave CMG instance takes over when the master CMG instance is in overload state

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding CMM log management is FALSE?

A) VMs push logs to the Kafka pipeline.
B) The event consumer in NECC retrieves the logs from Kafka.
C) Various log files generated automatically in CMM.
D) A log query can be created to retrieve logs from the database based on a time range.

Question 21

Which of the following about CMG deployment in LB mode is TRUE?

A) Ingress control plane traffic is received directly from an external gateway to OAM-VM
B) Egress control plane traffic is sent directly from MG-VM to an external gateway
C) Ingress user plane traffic is received directly from an external gateway to LB-VM
D) Egress user plane traffic is sent directly from MG-VM to an external gateway

Question 22

Based on the exhibit output, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) This CMG has one LB VM and one MG VM.
B) This CMG has one LB VM and two MG VM.
C) This CMG has two LB VM and one MG VM.
D) This CMG has two LB VM and two MG VM.

Question 23

Which of the following is a function of CMG LB-VM?

A) Generates periodic KPI/KCI XML reports
B) Terminates external control plane logical interfaces
C) Performs policy and charging enforcement function
D) Provides management interfaces to NSP

Question 24

Which of the following statements about CMG VNF scaling is TRUE?

A) OAM-VM can be scaled out in steps of a single VM for CMG LB mode deployment
B) LB-VM can be scaled out is steps of a single VM for CMG LB-less mode deployment
C) MG-VM can be scaled out is steps of an MG-VM pair for CMG LB mode deployment
D) LB-VM and MG-VM must be scaled simultaneously to achieve a successful CMG deployment

Question 25

Which of the following lifecycle management operations is NOT supported by CMM?

A) Healing of all CMM VMs
B) Scale out of CPPS, PAPS, and IPPS VMs
C) Scale in of NECC and IPDS VMs
D) Instantiation of all CMM VMs

Question 26

Which of the following provides the virtual hardware environment for the guest OS on a Linux system?

A) libvirt
B) QEMU
C) virsh
D) ESXi

Question 27

Which of the following about CMG configuration management is FALSE?

A) CMG can be configured using CLI commands
B) CMG can be configured using SNMP interfaces
C) CloudBand Infrastructure Software (CBIS) is used for CMG out-of-band management
D) CMG OAM-VM provides system configuration, system assurance, and alarm management

Question 28

Which of the following statements regarding the health check for a specific CMM VM is FALSE?

A) It is performed by CMM periodically
B) It can be manually executed using a CLI command "cmm_monitor"
C) It can be executed by ssh to each individual CMM VM from the NECC VM
D) If a failure occurs, additional details can be displayed using the verbos (-v) or very verbos (-vv) flag

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a capability of Open vSwitch?

A) VLAN, VXLAN and GRE encapsulation
B) Layer 3 forwarding
C) Quality of Service
D) Direct pass-through from VM to the NIC

Question 30

What is the main benefit of splitting the core network into separate user-plane and control-plane nodes?

A) Independent configuration of user-plane and control-plane nodes
B) Independent scaling of user-plane and control-plane nodes
C) User of a shared data repository for storing user states.
D) Creation of networks with isolated properties over a common infrastructure

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding CMM internal network is FALSE?

A) It is a layer 2 network.
B) It is connected to all CMM VMs.
C) It is used for communication between CMM VMs.
D) It requires a customer provided subnet address.

Question 32

Which of the following functions can be provided by an SPS managed element (ME)?

A) Service Manager
B) Customer Engagement
C) Policy Control Enforcement Function
D) Subscriber Profile Repository

Question 33

Which of the following lifecycle management operations is NOT supported by the CMG?

A) Scaling of OAM-VM
B) Scaling of MG-VM in LB mode
C) Scaling of LB-VM in LB mode
D) Healing of OAM-VM, MG-VM and LB-VM

Question 34

Based on the exhibit output, how does a VM associated with security group "SG_CMM" handle TCP traffic?

A) Drops TCP traffic with destination port 22
B) Drops TCP traffic with source port 22
C) Allows TCP traffic with destination port 22
D) Allows TCP traffic with source port 22

Question 35

Which of the following OpenStack projects provides networking services to VMs?

A) Neutron
B) Nova
C) Keystone
D) Horizon

Question 36

Which of the following logical interfaces is used between the CMG and the PDN?

A) Gn
B) SGi
C) S5
D) S1-U

Question 37

Which of the following statements about CMG VNF scaling is TRUE?

A) OAM-VM can be scaled out in steps of a single VM for CMG LB-less mode deployment
B) LB-VM can be scaled out is steps of a single VM for CMG LB mode deployment
C) MG-VM can be scaled out is steps of a single VM for CMG LB-less mode deployment
D) LB-VM and MG-VM must be scaled simultaneously to achieve a successful CMG deployment

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the network service platform (NSP) is FALSE?

A) Acts as an element management system (EMS) for CPC components
B) Performs fault, performance, and security management
C) Has a northbound interface with the NFV orchestrator (NFVO)
D) Allows monitoring events associated with the NFV environment

Question 39

Which of the following statements about networks used by CMG is FALSE?

A) A management network used for CMG management
B) Data switch fabric is used to carry signaling messages between LB-VMs and OAM-VMs
C) Control switch fabric is used to carry inter-VM control messaging
D) External networks are used to carry both control plane and user plane traffic

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding CMM intra-VNF redundancy is FALSE?

A) CPPS VMs operate in N+ redundancy model
B) IPDS VMs operate in N+ redundancy model
C) DBS VMs operate in 2N redundancy model
D) NECC VMs operate in 1+1 with quorum redundancy model

Question 41

Which of the following Nokia products is responsible for the configuration, fault, and performance management of CMM?

A) Network services platform (NSP)
B) CloudBand application manager (CBAM)
C) CloudBand network director (CBND)
D) NetAct

Question 42

Which of the following is correct about CMM system overall health check?

A) The "fns_monitor" command is only available at the NECC VM.
B) The "cmm_monitor" command is used to run the complete set of health checks for a specific CMM VM.
C) The "cmm_monitor" command can be manually executed on any CMM VM.
D) The "fns_monitor" and "cmm_monitor" commands require superuser privilege.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about L2 interface redundancy with SR-IOV is FALSE?

A) SR-IOV provides redundancy through a Linux bonded interface on the hypervisor.
B) Guest VMs have two virtual NICs connected to VFs on different physical SR-IOV ports.
C) Ethernet frames are sent between the two interfaces to verify connectivity.
D) The interface bonding must be active/standby.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a function of the CMM IP Director Service (IPDS)?

A) Terminates external logical interfaces.
B) Manages UE registration and authentication.
C) Assigns new subscribers to internal CPPS and PAPS.
D) Implements network load/overload control.

Question 45

Which of the following statements describing the instantiation of a VM in OpenStack is CORRECT?

A) Instantiation of a VM is always initiated through the Horizon GUI.
B) The Neutron L3 agent uses libvirt on the hypervisor to instantiate and tear down VMs.
C) A Radius server is used to verify whether a user has the required privileges to instantiate a VM.
D) The Nova scheduler selects the host on which the VM is to be instantiated.

Question 46

Which of the following is the hypervisor for VMware?

A) vSphere
B) vCenter
C) vCloud Director
D) ESXi

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding CMM external networks is FALSE?

A) External networks terminating on IPDS carry LTE signaling traffic.
B) External networks terminating on IPPS carry 3G user plane traffic.
C) External networks terminating on PAPS carry 3G signaling traffic.
D) External networks terminating on PAPS carry 2G user plane traffic.

Question 48

Which of the following statements regarding CMM deployment is FALSE?

A) Hyperthreading and CPU pinning are enabled.
B) An anti-affinity rule is used to ensure NECC VMs are deployed on different servers.
C) Two availability zones are required for a successful CMM deployment.
D) SR-IOV and DPDK are used to accelerate packet processing.

Question 49

Which of the following describes the N+ model for VM redundancy?

A) There are N active VMs and one standby VM that takes over if the active VM fails.
B) Thera are N active VMs and a pool of standby VMs that can take over if one or more active VMs fail.
C) There are N active VMs, each one paired with a standby VM that takes over if the active VM fails.
D) There are N active VMs to support the service with additional active VMs to provide extra capacity if one or more VMs fail.

Question 50

Which of the following can be concluded based on the CLI output shown in the exhibit below?

A) The "openstack server list" command only lists active servers.
B) All the servers listed are created on the controller01 hypervisor.
C) All the servers listed are inter-connected via network "int0".
D) The three necc servers are created in an anti-affinity server group.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a component of the CMM virtual network function?

A) Load Balancer (LB)
B) Packet Processing Service (PAPS)
C) Network Element Cluster Controller (NECC)
D) Database Service (DBS)