Deck 4: Cell Metabolism

Question 1

Sucrose,lactose,and maltose are classified as

A) enzymes.
B) disaccharides.
C) peptides.
D) nucleotides.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following are building blocks of protein?

A) Monosaccharides
B) Glucose, fructose, and galactose
C) Amino acids
D) Cellulose and glycogen

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

Which of the following is true of glycogen?

A) It is an end product of fatty acid catabolism.
B) It is stored in adipose tissue.
C) It is the storage form of glucose.
D) It is an essential amino acid.

Answer 3

It is the storage form of glucose.

Question 4

In the absence of oxygen,glucose is catabolized to

A) lactic acid.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) urea.
D) fatty acid.

Question 5

Which of the following processes forms the most ATP?

A) Glycolysis
B) Conversion of glucose to glycogen
C) Aerobic catabolism of glucose
D) Catabolism of glucose to lactic acid

Question 6

Cholesterol is

A) an essential amino acid.
B) stored as glycogen.
C) degraded to sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
D) used to synthesize steroids.

Question 7

Which of the following is (are)produced by the rapid and incomplete breakdown of fatty acids?

A) Acetone and ketoacids
B) Lactic acid
C) Amino acids
D) Urea

Question 8

Which of the following is not a carbohydrate term?

A) Glycogen
B) Monosaccharide
C) Glycerol
D) Sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Question 9

Starch is classified as a(n)

A) lipid.
B) fatty acid.
C) amino acid.
D) polysaccharide.

Question 10

Which of the following is a waste product of the aerobic glucose metabolism?

A) ATP
B) CO2
C) Urea
D) Glycogen

Question 11

Which of the following is most related to glycolysis?

A) Krebs cycle
B) Mitochondria
C) Lactic acid
D) Aerobic

Question 12

Which of the following are joined together by peptide bonds?

A) Amino acids
B) Monosaccharides
C) Lipids
D) Steroids

Question 13

Which of the following describes the breakdown of glucose to lactic acid?

A) Aerobic
B) Krebs cycle
C) Glycolysis
D) Gluconeogenesis

Question 14

Which of the following terms is most descriptive of ribose and deoxyribose?

A) Steroids
B) Lipids
C) Sugars
D) Disaccharides

Question 15

Which of the following is a nitrogen-containing waste product?

A) Glucose
B) Adenosine triphosphate
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Urea

Question 16

Which of the following is least related to lactic acid?

A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Anaerobic
D) Cytoplasm

Question 17

Ketone body formation is most likely to cause

A) infection.
B) acidosis.
C) bleeding.
D) protein deficiency.

Question 18

Starches,amylases,and disaccharidases are related to

A) carbohydrates.
B) steroids.
C) enzymes.
D) peptides.

Question 19

Which of the following is most descriptive of glucose?

A) Disaccharide
B) Peptide
C) Glycerol
D) Carbohydrate

Question 20

Glucose is usually broken down to

A) make carbon dioxide.
B) provide energy (ATP) for the working cells.
C) use up urea.
D) make glycogen.

Question 21

Dietary cellulose

A) is absorbed from the digestive tract and converted to glucose and fuels the cells.
B) is converted to protein by the process of gluconeogenesis.
C) is catabolized by the liver to ketone bodies.
D) cannot be metabolized but is beneficial because it provides fiber and bulk.

Question 22

Adenine,uracil,cytosine,and guanine are

A) sugars used to synthesize nucleotides.
B) bases of RNA.
C) nonessential amino acids.
D) ketone bodies.

Question 23

Gluconeogenesis

A) increases blood cholesterol.
B) increases urea synthesis.
C) increases blood glucose.
D) causes hypoglycemia.

Question 24

Which of the following carries the individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome for assembly into a protein?

A) DNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) ATP

Question 25

An -NH₂ group and a -COOH group are most characteristic of a(n)

A) fatty acid.
B) amino acid.
C) monosaccharide.
D) ketoacid.

Question 26

Which of the following is a double-stranded nucleic acid that is called the blueprint for life?

A) Urea
B) DNA
C) Gene
D) RNA

Question 27

Glycogen is a(n)

A) alcohol, an end product of fat digestion.
B) indigestible polysaccharide also called cellulose.
C) polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose.
D) plant starch.

Question 28

Lactic acidosis

A) is caused only by rapid and incomplete catabolism of fatty acids.
B) is accompanied by the formation of large amounts of ATP.
C) develops in response to prolonged anaerobic catabolism.
D) is caused only by extreme exercise characterized by muscle soreness.

Question 29

Which of the following is least related to urea?

A) Hepatic synthesis
B) Nitrogenous waste
C) Chemical formula is NH4+
D) Excreted in the urine

Question 30

With which base can adenine pair?

A) Guanine
B) Cytosine
C) Ribose
D) Uracil

Question 31

Adenine,thymine,cytosine,and guanine are

A) bases of DNA.
B) sugars used to synthesize nucleotides.
C) intermediates of the Krebs cycle.
D) amino acids.

Question 32

tRNA reads the genetic code stored in

A) DNA.
B) ribosomes.
C) mRNA.
D) nuclear membrane.

Question 33

The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain enzymes

A) are located within the mitochondria.
B) function under anaerobic conditions.
C) generate lactic acid.
D) are responsible for glycolysis.

Question 34

With which process are both DNA and mRNA involved?

A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Glycolysis
D) ATP production

Question 35

In G₀ the cell is

A) resting.
B) undergoing mitosis.
C) duplicating DNA.
D) making mRNA.

Question 36

Gluconeogenesis is a process that makes

A) glucose from glycogen.
B) glucose from protein.
C) protein from glucose.
D) protein from fat.

Question 37

mRNA "gets" the genetic code from

A) DNA.
B) tRNA.
C) the ribosomes on the ER.
D) centrioles.

Question 38

Which of the following is descriptive of monosaccharides?

A) They are fatty acids.
B) They are stored as glycogen.
C) They are joined together by peptide bonds.
D) The most important is trypsin.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of base sequencing?

A) Occurs within the mitochondrion
B) Occurs along the ribosome
C) Stores the genetic code
D) Is a function of the Krebs cycle

Question 40

DNA

A) is double stranded and stores the genetic code.
B) contains ribose as its sugar.
C) is located within the cytoplasm.
D) contains the following bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine, and uracil.

Question 41

What does the following describe: Three long-chain fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol molecule?

A) Steroid
B) Polysaccharide
C) Pyrimidine
D) Triglyceride

Question 42

Which of the following is not true of glycogen? Glycogen

A) is a storage form of glucose.
B) is an alcohol to which three fatty acids attach, thereby forming a triglyceride.
C) helps in the regulation of blood glucose.
D) Is stored within the liver and skeletal muscle.

Question 43

Translation involves

A) ribose and deoxyribose.
B) thymine and uracil.
C) DNA and mRNA.
D) mRNA and tRNA.

Question 44

Which of the following is descriptive of cholesterol?

A) Protein
B) Functions as an enzyme
C) Can be synthesized by the liver
D) Primary sequence and peptide bonds

Question 45

Which of the following represents a strand of DNA complementary to TTT CGC GGG TCG?

A) UUU GCG AAA UGC
B) UUU GCG CCC AGC
C) AAA GCG CCC AGC
D) AAA GCG CCC UGC

Question 46

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is measured as the "blood sugar"?

A) Glycerol
B) Glycogen
C) Glucose
D) Lactose

Question 47

Which of the following is not a lipid or lipoid substance?

A) Steroids
B) Vitamins A, D, E, and K
C) Prostaglandins
D) Ammonia

Question 48

This substance is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

A) Glycogen
B) Polypeptide
C) Steroid
D) Triglyceride

Question 49

Which of the following is characteristic of glycolysis?

A) Occurs within the cytoplasm
B) Functions aerobically
C) Converts protein to glucose
D) Completely metabolizes glucose to CO2, H2O, and ATP

Question 50

Gluconeogenesis converts

A) glucose to amino acids for protein synthesis.
B) glucose to fatty acids for storage of excess sugar as fat.
C) body protein to glucose in an insulin-deficient state.
D) ammonia to urea for excretion into the urine.

Question 51

Which of the following is most descriptive of ammonia?

A) Nitrogen containing and brain toxic
B) A catalyst
C) An essential amino acid
D) Derived from glycogen catabolism

Question 52

Which of the following represents a complementary strand of mRNA: TTT CGC GGG TCG?

A) UUU GCG CCC UGC
B) UUU GCG CCC AGC
C) AAA GCG CCC AGC
D) AAA GCG CCC UGC

Question 53

What does the following describe: Alanine-leucine-cysteine-phenylalanine-proline-arginine?

A) Fatty acid
B) Peptide
C) Disaccharide
D) Nucleotide

Question 54

Monosaccharides

A) include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
B) include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
C) are classified as saturated and unsaturated.
D) are carbohydrate-splitting enzymes.

Question 55

Transcription produces

A) tRNA.
B) a complementary strand of DNA.
C) deoxyribose.
D) mRNA.

Question 56

Which of the following is characteristic of urea?

A) Formed in the kidneys and excreted by the liver into bile
B) Nitrogen-containing waste formed in the liver
C) Characterized as an essential amino acid
D) Classified as a disaccharide

Question 57

Which of the following represents a base sequence of tRNA that will bind to mRNA UUU?

A) UUU
B) AAA
C) TTT
D) CCC

Question 58

Amino acids are

A) joined together by peptide bonds.
B) the building blocks of protein.
C) characterized as essential and nonessential.
D) all of the above.

Question 59

Which group is correct?

A) Lipids: triglycerides and urea
B) Polysaccharides: glycogen and glucose
C) Amino acids: ammonia and glycerol
D) Nitrogen-containing waste: urea and creatinine

Question 60

Which of the following is descriptive of mitochondrial function?

A) Lactic acid production
B) Glycolysis
C) Aerobic catabolism
D) Protein synthesis

Question 61

Which of the following is (are)necessary for the synthesis of urea?

A) Ketone bodies
B) Insulin
C) Glycogen
D) Liver enzymes

Question 62

Which of the following occurs first?

A) Reading the mRNA code by tRNA
B) mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores
C) Transcription
D) Translation

Question 63

A strand of DNA reads ATTCGCAGG.A strand of mRNA reads

A) TAGGCGTCC.
B) UUGGCGCUC.
C) UTTCGCTCC.
D) UAAGCGUCC.

Question 64

Which of the following is true of sucrose,maltase,and lactase?

A) All are double sugars.
B) All are proteolytic.
C) All are disaccharidases.
D) All are storage forms of monosaccharides.

Question 65

The reaction of -COOH and -NH₂

A) forms urea.
B) creates a peptide bond.
C) forms glycogen.
D) forms a ketone body.

Question 66

Which of the following is true of urea? Urea is

A) nitrogen containing.
B) produced by hepatic cells.
C) eliminated in the urine.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 67

Which of the following is least related to the aerobic metabolism of glucose?

A) Intramitochondrial
B) Ketones
C) CO2 + H2O + ATP
D) Oxygen

Question 68

Transcription

A) occurs within the nucleus.
B) involves DNA and mRNA.
C) involves tRNA and mRNA.
D) More than one of the above are true.

Question 69

Translation

A) occurs within the nucleus.
B) involves DNA and tRNA.
C) involves tRNA and mRNA.
D) refers to the production of a complementary strand of DNA.

Question 70

Which of the following represents base pairing?

A) CCGTTACTG
B) Sugar-phosphate, sugar-phosphate, sugar-phosphate
C) Ribose-deoxyribose, ribose-deoxyribose, ribose-deoxyribose
D) A-T, T-A, C-G, A-U

Question 71

Which of the following is characteristic of RNA but not DNA?

A) Deoxyribose
B) Adenine and thymine
C) Double stranded
D) Uracil and adenine

Question 72

Ketosis develops in response to

A) glycolysis.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) activation of the urea cycle.
D) rapid and incomplete catabolism of fatty acids.