Deck 16: Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

What are the conducting fibers that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles?

A) Bundle of His
B) Purkinje fibers
C) SA node
D) AV node

Answer 1

Purkinje fibers

Question 2

What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?

A) Right atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle

Answer 2

Left ventricle

Question 3

Which of the following structures "sees" unoxygenated blood?

A) Aorta
B) Left ventricle
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Pulmonary veins

Answer 3

Pulmonary artery

Question 4

All of the following are electrical terms except

A) sarcomere.
B) depolarization.
C) action potential.
D) repolarization.

Question 5

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A) right atrium.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) aorta.

Question 6

Where does the cardiac action potential (cardiac impulse)normally originate?

A) AV node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) Ectopic focus
D) SA node

Question 7

Referring to the ECG,the P wave represents

A) atrial contraction.
B) ventricular relaxation.
C) atrial depolarization.
D) atrial repolarization.

Question 8

Which structure connects the cusps of the AV valves to the ventricles?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) AV node
C) Bundle of His
D) Chordae tendineae

Question 9

Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle?

A) Bicuspid
B) Mitral
C) Pulmonic
D) Tricuspid

Question 10

The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.

Question 11

Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

A) Coronary arteries
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Cardiac veins

Question 12

With which of the following is "lubb-dupp" associated?

A) Myocardial contraction
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) Closing of heart valves
D) Diffusion of O2 from the lungs to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 13

The aorta receives blood from the

A) right ventricle.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) left ventricle.

Question 14

A vessel(s)that carry(ies)blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is (are)the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary artery.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) vena cava.

Question 15

Which layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump?

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Endocardium

Question 16

Which of the following "sees" oxygenated blood?

A) Venae cavae
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Right atrium
D) Pulmonic valve

Question 17

Chordae tendineae are not associated with this valve.

A) Aortic
B) Mitral
C) Tricuspid
D) Bicuspid

Question 18

Which of the following is least related to the mitral valve?

A) Left heart
B) Bicuspid
C) Semilunar
D) Chordae tendineae

Question 19

Which slinglike structure supports the heart?

A) Pericardium
B) Chordae tendineae
C) Myocardium
D) Endocardium

Question 20

Referring to the ECG,the QRS complex represents ventricular

A) contraction.
B) repolarization.
C) relaxation.
D) depolarization.

Question 21

Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right atrium

Question 22

Which of the following must precede ventricular contraction?

A) Ventricular systole
B) "Lubb-dupp"
C) Ventricular depolarization
D) Closing of the AV valves

Question 23

The atrioventricular node (AV node)

A) is the pacemaker of the heart.
B) is located in the upper part of the right atrium.
C) has a rate that is normally faster than the SA node.
D) delays the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles.

Question 24

Under what condition is blood most likely to flow "backward" (e.g.,from the left ventricle back into the left atrium)?

A) Pulmonary artery hypertension
B) Left ventricular hypertrophy
C) An insufficient mitral valve
D) Pulmonary edema

Question 25

Which of the following is a result of ventricular contraction?

A) The AV valves open.
B) The semilunar valves close.
C) Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
D) Blood flows back into the atria.

Question 26

What event causes the pulmonic valve to open?

A) The P wave
B) An increase in the pressure within the right ventricle
C) "Lubb-dupp"
D) Contraction of the chordae tendineae

Question 27

The Purkinje fibers

A) open valves.
B) pull on the cusps of the valves.
C) conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles.
D) close valves.

Question 28

The correct sequence is: Blood flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the

A) vena cava.
B) pulmonary artery.
C) aorta.
D) circle of Willis.

Question 29

The epicardium is a layer of the

A) myocardium.
B) diaphragm.
C) pericardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 30

Which of the following is an electrical event?

A) "Lubb-dupp"
B) Actin and myosin interaction
C) Murmur
D) Depolarization

Question 31

Which of the following semilunar valves "sees" oxygenated blood?

A) Mitral
B) Bicuspid
C) Aortic
D) Pulmonic

Question 32

Which of the following is not true of the heart?

A) The heart is located within the mediastinum.
B) The apex is located left of the sternal midline at the level of the fifth intercostal space.
C) The base of the heart is located at the level of the second rib.
D) The pericardium is composed of actin and myosin.

Question 33

What is the cause of the heart sounds "lubb-dupp"?

A) Closing of the heart valves
B) Flow of blood through the coronary arteries
C) The electrical signal as it moves through the AV node
D) The firing of the autonomic nerves to the SA node

Question 34

What are ventricles "doing" during atrial contraction?

A) Pumping blood into the great vessels
B) Closing their AV valves
C) Relaxing
D) Opening their semilunar valves

Question 35

The mitral and the bicuspid valves

A) are semilunar valves.
B) are both located on the right side of the heart.
C) "see" only unoxygenated blood.
D) are the same valves.

Question 36

The pulmonic and aortic valves

A) are atrioventricular valves.
B) "see" only oxygenated blood.
C) are attached to the ventricular walls by chordae tendineae.
D) are semilunar valves.

Question 37

Which layer of the heart has actin,myosin,and intercalated discs?

A) Myocardium
B) Endocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Pericardium

Question 38

The correct sequence is: Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) coronary arteries.
C) pulmonary capillaries.
D) vena cava.

Question 39

What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts?

A) Mitral
B) Pulmonic
C) Semilunar
D) Tricuspid

Question 40

The purpose of this structure is to delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles.

A) SA node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) Bundle of His
D) AV node

Question 41

Which of the following is true of the structures of the electrical conduction system?

A) The AV valve is the pacemaker.
B) In normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node.
C) The His-Purkinje system spreads the electrical system from the right atrium to the left atrium.
D) The purpose of the AV node is to increase the speed at which the cardiac impulse moves from the atria to the ventricles.

Question 42

Which of the following is most related to "lubb" (of the lubb-dupp duo)?

A) Called S1
B) Caused by the closure of the AV valves
C) Occurs in response to ventricular contraction
D) All of the above

Question 43

Which of the following is least descriptive of the myocardium?

A) Cardiac muscle composed of actin and myosin arranged in sarcomeres
B) Thicker in the ventricles than the atria
C) Thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle
D) Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle

Question 44

Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart?

A) Thoracic cavity
B) Ventral cavity
C) Dorsal cavity
D) Mediastinum

Question 45

The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood

A) to the systemic circulation.
B) into the aorta.
C) to the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries.
D) to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 46

Which structure "sees" oxygenated blood?

A) Tricuspid valve
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Right semilunar valve

Question 47

Which of the following is true of the myocardium?

A) Contains thick and thin filaments
B) Contains actin and myosin
C) Is thicker in the left ventricle than in the right ventricle
D) All of the above

Question 48

Which group is incorrect?

A) Semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic
B) Structures that carry oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta
C) Layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
D) Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm

Question 49

Which group is incorrect?

A) Semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic
B) Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral
C) Structures that carry oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta
D) Structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins

Question 50

Which of the following is a function of a valve?

A) Regulates the direction of the flow of blood through the heart
B) Regulates the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
C) Regulates heart rate
D) Directs the movement of the cardiac impulse

Question 51

Which group is incorrect?

A) Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral
B) Layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
C) Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia
D) Parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata

Question 52

Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve?

A) It is also called the left semilunar valve.
B) It "sees" oxygenated blood.
C) Blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery.
D) An incompetent aortic valve allows blood to leak from the aorta back into the left ventricle.

Question 53

The semilunar valves

A) receive blood from the contracting ventricles.
B) are anchored by chordae tendineae.
C) "see" only oxygenated blood.
D) "see" only unoxygenated blood.

Question 54

S₂ is

A) caused by the closure of the AV valves at the beginning of ventricular contraction.
B) the second heart sound.
C) the heart sound caused by the sliding of actin and myosin.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 55

An accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space

A) causes external compression of the heart.
B) depresses the SA node, thereby eliminating pacemaker activity.
C) causes valvular stenosis.
D) causes a left-to-right shunt.

Question 56

A hole in the interventricular septum causes

A) a right-to-left shunt.
B) extreme cyanosis.
C) blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle.
D) blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

Question 57

Cells that spontaneously depolarize from resting membrane potential to threshold potential

A) are called pacemaker cells.
B) normally "live" within the chordae tendineae.
C) are restricted to the SA node.
D) are stored within the pericardium.

Question 58

During ventricular contraction,the

A) AV valves close in response to intraventricular pressure.
B) ECG is displaying the T wave.
C) semilunar valves close, causing S1.
D) ECG is displaying the P-R interval.

Question 59

Which of the following is not considered a "great" vessel?

A) Left anterior descending artery
B) Aorta
C) Venae cavae
D) Pulmonary artery

Question 60

The heart

A) lies within the mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral cavities.
B) beats only in response to stimulation by the autonomic nerves.
C) is located within the pleural cavity.
D) is located between the fifth and twelfth ribs in the left thoracic region.

Question 61

Which structure is not perfused by the blood that is pumped from the right ventricle to the left ventricle?

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Aorta

Question 62

Which of the following is not part of coronary circulation?

A) Left anterior descending artery
B) Circumflex artery
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Posterior descending artery

Question 63

In which structure is oxygen saturation lowest?

A) Right atrium
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Left ventricle

Question 64

In normal sinus rhythm (NSR),the

A) cardiac impulse originates in the sinoatrial node.
B) action potential originates in the AV node.
C) AV node activates the SA node.
D) action potential is generated by the sympathetic nerve.

Question 65

The bicuspid and mitral valves

A) are semilunar valves.
B) "see" only unoxygenated blood.
C) "see" only oxygenated blood
D) are exit valves.

Question 66

What structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left anterior descending artery
C) Pulmonary artery
D) Pulmonary capillaries

Question 67

During ventricular filling,the

A) semilunar valves are open.
B) AV valves are closed.
C) QRS complex is "happening."
D) ventricles are relaxed.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of the aorta?

A) It distributes unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation.
B) It distributes oxygenated blood to the pulmonic circulation.
C) It arises within the left ventricle.
D) It is color coded blue to indicate its degree of oxygen saturation.

Question 69

Which structure is not perfused by blood that flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the aorta?

A) Right atrium
B) Aortic semilunar valve
C) Mitral valve
D) Pulmonary veins

Question 70

What are the two phases of the ventricular action potential (cardiac impulse)?

A) Systole and diastole
B) Filling and ejecting
C) Depolarization and repolarization
D) P wave and T wave

Question 71

Which of the following electrical events is caused by the outflow (efflux)of K⁺?

A) P-R interval
B) Depolarization
C) QRS complex
D) Repolarization

Question 72

In which structure is the oxygen saturation highest?

A) Pulmonary veins
B) Venae cavae
C) Right ventricle
D) Pulmonary artery

Question 73

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery?

A) It carries unoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
B) It supplies lung tissue with oxygenated blood.
C) It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
D) It carries unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs.

Question 74

Which of the following best indicates why the left ventricular myocardium is thicker than the right ventricular myocardium?

A) Left ventricular oxygen saturation is greater in the left ventricle.
B) The left ventricle works harder than the right ventricle.
C) The aortic valve is narrower than the pulmonic valve.
D) Left ventricular volume is less than right ventricular volume.

Question 75

Which of the following is located between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A) The mediastinum
B) A space that contains serous fluid
C) The precordium
D) The endocardium

Question 76

What is located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?

A) Base and apex of the heart
B) Semilunar valves
C) AV valves
D) SA node and AV nodes

Question 77

Stenosis of which valve causes right ventricular hypertrophy?

A) Mitral
B) Tricuspid
C) Right semilunar
D) Left semilunar

Question 78

Which of the following is true about the left ventricular myocardium?

A) Pumps blood into the pulmonary artery
B) Contraction is caused by the sliding of actin and myosin
C) Receives oxygenated blood from the precordium
D) Contains unoxygenated blood

Question 79

Which of the following is true regarding the mediastinum?

A) It is located within the pleural cavity.
B) The lungs are located within the mediastinum.
C) The mediastinum is located to the right of the midline of the sternum.
D) The mediastinum is a space between the lungs.

Question 80

Which of the following is part of the blood flow through the heart?

A) Left atrium
B) Left anterior descending artery
C) Circumflex artery
D) Right coronary artery