Deck 21: Immune System

Question 1

Which of the following are classified as killer,helper,suppressor,and memory?

A) Granulocytes
B) T cells
C) Antibodies
D) Vaccines

Answer 1

T cells

Question 2

Which of the following are most associated with plasma cells and antibodies?

A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) B cells
D) T cells

Answer 2

B cells

Question 3

What is the name of a severe hypersensitivity reaction?

A) Cyanosis
B) Immunocompetence
C) Autoimmunity
D) Anaphylaxis

Answer 3

Anaphylaxis

Question 4

B and T cells are

A) tonsils.
B) lymphocytes.
C) lymph nodes.
D) antibodies.

Question 5

Which of the following T cells destroy pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and secreting lymphokines?

A) Killer
B) Helper
C) Suppressor
D) Memory

Question 6

Which of the following is the treatment of choice for an anaphylactic reaction?

A) A bronchoconstricting agent
B) Gamma globulin
C) Epinephrine and steroid
D) Histamine

Question 7

Phagocytosis

A) is a function only of the T cell.
B) is a form of specific immunity.
C) does not require a specific antigen.
D) is mediated through antibodies.

Question 8

An allergen is a(n)

A) antibody.
B) macrophage.
C) lymphokine.
D) antigen.

Question 9

Because antibodies are carried by the blood,this type of immunity is also called

A) immunotolerance.
B) cell-mediated immunity.
C) humoral immunity.
D) autoimmunity.

Question 10

IgE,IgA,IgM,and IgG are

A) antigens.
B) interferons.
C) antibodies.
D) complement proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following cells engulf the pathogen to achieve "antigen presentation"?

A) Red blood cells
B) Macrophages
C) Antibodies
D) Vaccines

Question 12

A severe anaphylactic reaction causes death by

A) renal failure.
B) respiratory obstruction.
C) bleeding.
D) infection.

Question 13

Redness,heat,swelling,and pain are indicative of

A) a hypersensitivity reaction.
B) anaphylaxis.
C) inflammation.
D) autoimmune disease.

Question 14

Which of the following is (are)most related to antibody-mediated immunity?

A) Tears
B) Saliva
C) Sneezing
D) Plasma cells

Question 15

Which of the following represents specific immunity?

A) Inflammation
B) Interferons
C) Natural killer cells
D) B and T cells

Question 16

Which cell engages in cell-to-cell combat?

A) Erythrocyte
B) Platelet
C) B cell
D) T cell

Question 17

If you had measles as a child,which of the following best describes your immunity to measles?

A) Artificially acquired active immunity
B) Artificially acquired passive immunity
C) Naturally acquired passive immunity
D) Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 18

Which cells secrete a lymphokine that stimulates both T and B cells?

A) Platelets
B) Killer T cells
C) Erythrocytes
D) Helper T cells

Question 19

A booster

A) increases antibodies to an antigen.
B) stimulates the liver to detoxify antigens.
C) kills a pathogen.
D) conveys passive immunity.

Question 20

What is the effect of a massive release of histamine?

A) Jaundice
B) Anemia
C) Thrombosis
D) Wheezing and hypotension

Question 21

A vaccine

A) is a gamma globulin.
B) conveys active immunity.
C) contains antibodies.
D) is the same as an antitoxin.

Question 22

Plasma cells

A) refer to T cells.
B) are the same as NK cells.
C) are B-cell clones.
D) secrete interferons.

Question 23

The purpose of vaccination is to provide an initial exposure to an antigen to stimulate the formation of

A) killer T cells.
B) complement.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) memory cells.

Question 24

Binding of the bee venom allergen to antibodies on the mast cells causes a massive release of which substance?

A) Vaccine
B) Histamine
C) Bilirubin
D) Intrinsic factor

Question 25

What is the primary concern regarding the care of a person experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?

A) The inability to breathe
B) The development of hives
C) The development of febrile seizures
D) Intense itching and discomfort

Question 26

What is the name of the toxin that has been altered so that it is harmless yet still antigenic?

A) Vaccine
B) Antibody
C) Gamma globulin
D) Toxoid

Question 27

Which of the following T cells do not participate in the destruction of the pathogen but allow for a more rapid response if the antigen is presented at a later time?

A) Killer T cells
B) Suppressor T cells
C) Thrombocytes
D) Memory T cells

Question 28

What is the term that refers to the use of dead or attenuated pathogens to stimulate antibody production?

A) Immunotolerance
B) Autoimmunity
C) Immunization
D) Inflammation

Question 29

Which of the following is most related to the placental transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus?

A) Naturally acquired active immunity
B) Naturally acquired passive immunity
C) Artificially acquired active immunity
D) Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 30

A breast-fed infant is initially immune to the same diseases as her mom.Which of the following describes the infant's immunity?

A) Naturally acquired passive immunity
B) Naturally acquired active immunity
C) Artificially acquired active immunity
D) Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 31

Which of the following is most associated with a low plasma level of antibodies?

A) The "booster" response
B) The primary response
C) An autoimmune response
D) Anaphylaxis

Question 32

Which of the following conditions is most common in people with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)?

A) Anaphylaxis
B) Autoimmune diseases
C) Infections
D) Hypertension

Question 33

Which of the following is characterized by a local tissue response to T cell activity?

A) Anaphylaxis
B) Wheezing, edema, and hypotension
C) Contact dermatitis
D) Immunotolerance

Question 34

Which of the following is true of activation of mast cells?

A) Causes the release of epinephrine
B) Is necessary for T-cell activation
C) Prevents the development of anaphylaxis
D) Causes the release of histamine

Question 35

Which group is incorrect?

A) Mechanical barriers: skin, mucous membrane
B) Protective proteins: interferons, complement proteins
C) Nonspecific immunity: inflammation, NK cells, fever, T cells
D) Signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, pain

Question 36

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)produces severe impairment of the immune system by attacking which cells?

A) Plasma cells
B) Suppressor T cells
C) Helper T cells
D) Platelets

Question 37

Which of the following indicates why you will not get chickenpox as an adult if you were infected as a child?

A) Naturally acquired passive immunity
B) Naturally acquired active immunity
C) Artificially acquired active immunity
D) Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 38

What is the term that refers to the level of antibodies in your blood?

A) T cell count
B) Titer
C) White blood cell count
D) Hematocrit

Question 39

Which group is incorrect?

A) First line of defense: skin, mucous membrane, tears, sneezing
B) Specific immunity: B cells, T cells
C) Mechanical barriers: skin, mucous membrane
D) Chemical barriers: tears, saliva, stomach acid, B cells, T cells

Question 40

Inflammation is

A) a reaction that is classified as a specific immune response.
B) characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
C) known as cell-mediated immunity.
D) initiated only by a pathogen.

Question 41

The plasma cells are least related to

A) interferons.
B) B lymphocytes.
C) antibodies.
D) IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE.

Question 42

If you have a high measles antibody titer,you

A) currently have symptoms of measles.
B) are contagious and should avoid contact with others for 5 days.
C) have been exposed to the measles virus.
D) must have had measles as a child.

Question 43

Which of the following is true of the T cell?

A) It is activated in response to a specific antigen.
B) It engages in cell-mediated combat.
C) Its clones include killer T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, and memory T cells.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 44

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)attacks the helper T cells,thereby

A) depressing T-cell function.
B) making the person more susceptible to infection.
C) depressing B-cell function.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 45

Leukocytosis is generally an indication

A) of immunotolerance.
B) that the neutrophils and monocytes are engaging in phagocytosis.
C) that the infection is out of control.
D) of an autoimmune disease.

Question 46

The redness and heat associated with inflammation

A) are always caused by the growth of pathogens within the inflamed area.
B) are due to the release of histamine from injured tissue; it dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to the inflamed area.
C) can be relieved by the application of heat over the inflamed area.
D) are indicative of an impending anaphylactic reaction.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of Kupffer cells?

A) Fixed macrophages
B) Located in the thymus gland
C) Secrete thymosins
D) Destroy plasma cells

Question 48

Which of the following describes the effects of phagocytosis?

A) Release of histamine, a natural antimicrobial agent
B) Correction of hypoxemia by delivery of oxygen to oxygen-starved tissues
C) Ingestion and destruction of pathogens and other foreign substances
D) Activation of B and T cells

Question 49

Which of the following stimulates memory cells to produce antibody-secreting plasma cells?

A) An antitoxin
B) A booster shot
C) Gamma globulin
D) Antivenom

Question 50

Which of the following best describes an abscess?

A) Blood-free serous fluid
B) Walled off area of dead cells and their secretions
C) A systemic infection
D) Spread of infected cells to the brain

Question 51

The terms pyrexia,febrile,and pyrogenic all refer to

A) seizures.
B) pathogens.
C) heat stroke.
D) fever.

Question 52

Memory cells

A) are found exclusively within the nonspecific immune cells/processes.
B) are produced only by B cells.
C) increase the response time to an antigen.
D) store IgG, IgE, and IgA.

Question 53

Which of the following words are least characteristic of phagocytes?

A) IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE
B) Motile and fixed
C) Diapedesis and chemotaxis
D) Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the B cell?

A) Activated in response to a specific antigen
B) Engages in cell-mediated combat
C) Called a Kupffer cell when fixed within the hepatic sinusoids
D) All of the above are true.

Question 55

A person has an infection and his phagocytes respond appropriately by releasing pyrogens,thereby resetting the body's thermostat.What happens next?

A) He shivers, thereby producing heat.
B) He sweats and his blood vessels dilate, thereby losing heat.
C) He forms pus around the hypothalamus.
D) His body temperature declines.

Question 56

The Kupffer cells are fixed macrophages within the walls of the hepatic sinusoids and

A) engage in phagocytosis of pathogens in the blood coming from the organs of digestion.
B) are the origin of the B and T cells.
C) produce antibodies in response to the antigens within the portal blood coming from the organs of digestion.
D) are the same as natural killer cells.

Question 57

Antibodies

A) include IgG, IgM, and IgE.
B) are secreted by plasma cells.
C) react with antigens, causing agglutination.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 58

The plasma cells

A) are part of the T cell clone.
B) secrete antibodies.
C) are considered nonspecific immunity.
D) are the same as memory B cells.

Question 59

An antigen-antibody interaction

A) is called phagocytosis.
B) is called anaphylaxis.
C) causes agglutination.
D) is prevented by antibiotics.

Question 60

Which of the following is true about nonspecific immunity?

A) It protects the body primarily through the actions of the B and T lymphocytes.
B) The response is to a specific antigen such as the chickenpox virus.
C) It is achieved through either cell-mediated immunity or antibody-mediated immunity.
D) It includes processes such as inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever.

Question 61

This is a group of proteins secreted by virally infected cells; the proteins prevent viral replication.

A) Pyrogens
B) Antigens
C) Complement protein
D) Interferons

Question 62

Complement and interferons

A) activate T cells.
B) are antibodies secreted by plasma cells.
C) are protective proteins that enhance the immune response to infection.
D) include histamine and leukotrienes that cause anaphylaxis.

Question 63

Which of the following describes the function of macrophages?

A) Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
B) Leukopoiesis and antibody secretion
C) Secretion of histamine and leukotrienes
D) Phagocytosis and anti-inflammatory activity

Question 64

Which of the following best explains the secondary response to a booster shot?

A) The presence of memory cells that can quickly produce plasma cells
B) Enhancement of antigen presentation by macrophages
C) The immediate release of histamine from mast cells
D) The immediate release of IgG antibodies in response to the booster

Question 65

A febrile seizure is a seizure that

A) causes a fever.
B) is caused only by intense shivering.
C) is caused by a fever.
D) is treated with antibiotics.

Question 66

An antipyretic drug

A) lowers body temperature below normal so as to obtain the beneficial effects of the hypothermic state.
B) also has antibiotic activity.
C) lowers a fever.
D) treats the underlying cause of the fever.

Question 67

Which of the following is not a step in T-cell activation?

A) Antigen presentation
B) Production of helper T cells
C) Secretion of lymphokines that activate B cells
D) Production of antibody-secreting plasma cells

Question 68

B cell and T cell activity is most related to which of the following?

A) AMI and CMI
B) Endocytosis and phagocytosis
C) Specific and nonspecific
D) Interferons and complement protein

Question 69

Which of the following words means "fever producing"?

A) Thermoregulation
B) Pathogenic
C) Febrile
D) Pyrogenic

Question 70

Which of the following is not a step in the activation of a B lymphocyte?

A) Antigen presentation
B) Production of antibody-secreting plasma cells
C) Activation by helper T cells
D) Activation of cells that engage in cell-to-cell combat

Question 71

Which of the following protective proteins swarm(s)the surface of a pathogen,punching holes in the membrane and enhancing phagocytosis?

A) Interferons
B) Albumin
C) Complement
D) IgG

Question 72

Agglutination is the consequence of

A) antigen-antibody interaction.
B) the binding of IgG antibodies to mast cells.
C) the effect of histamine on the smooth muscle of the lungs and blood vessels.
D) activation of blood coagulation factors.