Deck 19: Evidence-Based Practice and Research Utilization

Question 1

As they relate to randomized controlled trials, which one of the following levels of evidence matches with its hierarchical level? (Note: Level 1 is the highest level of evidence and Level 5 is the lowest level of evidence)

A) Level 5: Strong evidence from at least one systematic review of multiple well-designed randomized controlled trials
B) Level 3: Strong evidence from at least one or more properly designed randomized controlled trials of appropriate size
C) Level 2: Evidence from well-designed trials without randomization, single group pre-post, cohort, time series, or matched case-controlled studies
D) Level 4: Evidence from well-designed nonexperimental studies from more than one center or research group
E) Level 1: Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical evidence, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees

Answer 1

D

Question 2

__________ involve a transparent and systematic process used to define a research question, search for studies, assess their quality and synthesize findings qualitatively or quantitatively

A) Scoping reviews
B) Systematic reviews
C) Meta-analyses
D) Randomized clinical trials
E) Case-controlled studies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following represents the correct sequential process for conducting a scoping review?

A) Find relevant studies; select the studies relevant to the research questions; identify the research questions; chart the data; collate, summarize, and report the results
B) Identify the research questions; find relevant studies; select the studies relevant to the research question; chart the data; collate, summarize, and report the results
C) Identify the research questions; find relevant studies; select the studies relevant to the research questions; collate, summarize, and report the results; chart the data
D) Select the studies relevant to the research questions; find relevant studies; identify the research questions; chart the data; collate, summarize, and report the results
E) Chart the data; find relevant studies; select the studies relevant to the research questions; identify the research questions; collate, summarize, and report the results

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following corrects the overestimation of the effect size in meta-analyses.

A) Cohen's d
B) The population estimator δ
C) Hedges' g
D) Cohen's q
E) Pearson r

Question 5

Wampold (2001) concluded that a reasonable point estimate for the efficacy of counseling and psychotherapy is __________

A) d = 0.79, meaning that the average treated person does worse than 78.5% of the average untreated persons
B) d = 0.79, meaning that the average treated person does better than 78.5% of the average untreated persons
C) d = 0.23, meaning that the average treated person does worse than 22.5% of the average untreated persons
D) d = 0.23, meaning that the average treated person does better than 22.5% of the average untreated persons
E) d = 0.50, meaning that the average treated person does better than 49.5% of the average untreated persons