Deck 6: Protective Factors and Issues of Prevention

Question 1

Characteristics within the individual, family, or community that serve to decrease the likelihood of a child developing psychopathology in the face of adversity are known as:

A) Risk factors
B) Protective factors
C) Phenotypic factors
D) Psychometric factors

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The process by which children overcome adverse circumstances and develop into healthy and competent young adults is known as:

A) Phenotypic factors
B) Development
C) Resilience
D) Risk processes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The pioneering work on risk and resilience on the Hawaiian island of Kauai was completed by:

A) Dr. Emmy Werner
B) Dr. David Wechsler
C) Dr. Ann Masten
D) Dr. Aaron Beck

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Based on the studies in Kauai, approximately how many children with 4 or more risk factors developed into well functioning, psychologically healthy adolescents and young adults?

A) One-sixth (16.7%)
B) One-third (33.3%)
C) One-half (50.0%)
D) Two-thirds (66.7%)

Question 5

Characteristics within the individual that have been identified as protective factors include:

A) Good intellectual functioning
B) Socioeconomic advantages
C) Connections to prosocial organizations
D) All of the above

Question 6

Resilient characteristics within the family include:

A) Close relationship to caring parent figure
B) Authoritative parenting
C) Connections to extended supportive family networks
D) All of the above

Question 7

Resilient characteristics within the extrafamilial context include:

A) Close relationship to caring parent figure
B) Authoritative parenting
C) Connections to extended supportive family networks
D) All of the above

Question 8

The Global Issues section highlighted a number of programs around the world (such as the Give N Go Project, which provides soccer equipment and training to impoverished youth).These programs were highlighted as examples of:

A) Ways to increase protective factors for youth
B) Obesity prevention programs
C) Ways for individuals outside of the U.S. to help youth within the U.S.
D) All of the above

Question 9

Characteristics within the individual that have been identified as protective factors include:

A) Good intellectual functioning
B) Socioeconomic advantages
C) Connections to prosocial organizations
D) All of the above

Question 10

Resilient characteristics within the family include:

A) Close relationship to caring parent figure
B) Authoritative parenting
C) Connections to extended supportive family networks
D) All of the above

Question 11

Resilient characteristics within the extrafamilial context include:

A) Close relationship to caring parent figure
B) Authoritative parenting
C) Connections to extended supportive family networks
D) None of the above

Question 12

The Global Issues section highlighted a number of programs around the world (such as the Give N Go Project, which provides soccer equipment and training to impoverished youth).These programs were highlighted as examples of:

A) Ways to increase protective factors for youth
B) Obesity prevention programs
C) Ways for individuals outside of the U.S. to help youth within the U.S.
D) All of the above

Question 13

Current research suggests that intelligence is a protective factor if:

A) The child shows extremely high levels of intelligence (i.e., is gifted)
B) The child shows better than average levels of intelligence
C) The child shows at least average intelligence
D) The child does not show mental retardation

Question 14

The term used to describe a cognitive structure in which children have come to expect success and who believe that they can preform successfully in any new challenging situation is known as:

A) Self-selection
B) Self-efficacy
C) Self-determination
D) Expectancies

Question 15

Children with high rates of self-efficacy:

A) Tend to try harder on difficult tasks
B) Stick with challenging tasks longer
C) Believe that they can succeed on the difficult task
D) All of the above

Question 16

Good coping skills have been associated with:

A) Better outcomes in the face of adversity
B) Greater levels of stress, especially in children from the inner city
C) Very little-they seem unrelated to children's functioning
D) Higher rates of emotional/behavioral problems

Question 17

Research on the protective role of a close relationship with a caretaker suggests that:

A) The caretaker needs to be a biological parent
B) The caretaker needs to be a woman (e.g., mother, step-mother, grandmother)
C) The caretaker needs to be related genetically (i.e., a relative)
D) None of the above

Question 18

The findings on the protective role of a close relationship with a caretaker:

A) Appear to be universal (i.e., true throughout the world)
B) Are consistent throughout the lifespan (from infancy through adulthood)
C) Are found consistently
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which parenting style is associated with the best outcomes for children?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Humanistic

Question 20

Sid's parents show him a great deal of warmth, with age-appropriate structure and high expectations.This parenting style is known as:

A) Humanistic
B) Indifferent
C) Authoritative
D) Authoritarian

Question 21

When parents provide structure and support for the child's next level of development, it is known as:

A) Monitoring
B) Scaffolding
C) Mentoring
D) Structural techniques

Question 22

Grandparents can serve a protective role:

A) But only when they are the primary caretakers
B) But only when they are in the same town as the child
C) Primarily when the adversity is within the immediate family
D) At almost any time

Question 23

Teachers can:

A) Increase self-efficacy
B) Serve as a role model outside of the family
C) Serve as a stable adult to a child who may not know any other stable adults
D) All of the above

Question 24

Sports coaches:

A) Usually serve to increase adversity in children's lives
B) Often downplay the importance of educational pursuits
C) Can serve as a role model outside of the family
D) Are associated with increased emotional/behavioral problems in children

Question 25

Children's and adolescents' sports coaches who de-emphasize the importance of winning and who emphasize the importance of enjoying the game and improving one's own performance:

A) Have players with the best psychological outcomes
B) Tend to have players who are not happy (because they are not winning)
C) Tend not to be respected by their players
D) Both b and c are correct

Question 26

When parents know about their young adolescents' behavior (such as knowing their friends, keeping track of their whereabouts, etc.), it is known as:

A) Parental monitoring
B) Dismissive parenting
C) Over-controlling parenting
D) All of the above

Question 27

Research on peer-tutoring suggests that:

A) The tutor receives little benefit, but the child being tutored usually makes both academic and social improvements
B) The person being tutored usually receives little benefit, but the tutor usually makes significant gains in academic and social growth
C) Both the giver and the recipient of the tutoring tend to show academic and social gains
D) The results are mixed and depend on the quality of the tutoring

Question 28

Involvement in prosocial organizations (such as through volunteering) is associated with:

A) Exposing children to appropriate role models and developing the child's friendship network
B) Poorer academic performance, because of limited time for homework
C) More deviant peer relationships
D) Both b and c are correct

Question 29

The research on involvement in sports suggests that:

A) Involvement in any sport is good for children and adolescents
B) Involvement in team sports is better for children and adolescents than involvement in individual sports
C) Involvement in individual sports is better for children and adolescents than involvement in team sports
D) Involvement in sports is associated with poor academic outcomes because of limited time for homework

Question 30

Involvement in religious and spiritual activities:

A) Tends to serve as a protective factor for children and adolescents
B) Is associated with emotional difficulties for children and adolescents
C) Has had mixed research findings, depending on the type of mainstream religion that is studied
D) Is almost never studied because of the sensitive nature of the topic

Question 31

Structured extracurricular activities:

A) Seem to limit academic functioning, but enhance social functioning
B) Appear to serve as a protective factor in children's and adolescents' lives
C) Have not been studied extensively
D) Are associated with more deviant peers

Question 32

Involvement in the arts:

A) Is associated with enhanced emotional/behavioral functioning in children and adolescents
B) Is associated with alternative thinking-which seems to get children into trouble at school
C) Is associated with limited peer relationships
D) Is associated with too little structure for children, and hence, is thought to increase emotional/behavioral problems in children

Question 33

The research on volunteerism has primarily studied:

A) Adolescent populations
B) Young adult populations
C) Elderly populations
D) Individuals who do not volunteer

Question 34

The prevention program known as the Houston Parent-Child Development Center:

A) Was an example of the wrong way to implement a prevention program
B) Was effective at preventing emotional/behavioral problems in children
C) Was only helpful to those families who were already well-functioning
D) Was not successful because preventive efforts were limited in scope
D) Was not successful because preventive efforts were limited in scope

Question 35

Give an example of an individual, familial, and extrafamilial protective factor.

Question 36

Define resilience and provide an example of it.

Question 37

Describe the role of intelligence in relation to resilience.

Question 38

How is self-efficacy thought to serve as a protective factor?

Question 39

Discuss at least two protective factors within the family.

Question 40

How do prosocial organizations serve a protective role in children's lives?

Question 41

Discuss the protective role of teachers in children's lives.

Question 42

Discuss the protective role that schools can play in the lives of children.

Question 43

Discuss the protective role of coaches and organized sports in children's lives.

Question 44

Based on what you know about protective factors, develop a prevention program that increases the protective factors in children's lives.