Deck 9: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Related Problems

Question 1

Children showing what we now know as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were written about in the professional literature as early as:

A) 1824
B) 1902
C) 1933
D) 1951

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood or adolescence is:

A) The diagnosis that first appeared in DSM-I
B) The diagnosis that first appeared in DSM-II
C) The diagnosis that first appeared in DSM-III
D) The diagnosis that we use now in DSM-5

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity?

A) The diagnosis that describes children who show a great deal of inattention and poor concentration, but who do not show high levels of hyperactivity
B) The diagnosis that first appeared in DSM-II
C) The diagnosis that we use currently
D) All of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The current diagnostic system has which categories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

A) Combined presentation, predominantly inattentive presentation, or predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
B) Combined presentation, predominantly hyperactive presentation, or under-active
C) Code A, Code B, and Code C
D) Code 1, Code 2, and Code 3

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the current definition of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

A) There must be evidence of clinically significant impairment
B) Symptoms must occur in two or more settings
C) Symptoms must have been evident for at least 6 months
D) Symptoms must appear before the age of 15

Question 6

Assessment of ADHD includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Behavioral observations
B) Interviews
C) Blood tests
D) Behavior checklists

Question 7

A meta-analysis comparing boys and girls diagnosed with ADHD found that:

A) Boys showed lower intellectual functioning and lower levels of hyperactivity than girls
B) Girls showed lower intellectual functioning and lower levels of hyperactivity than boys
C) Boys showed better fine motor skills and academic performance than girls
D) Girls showed better fine motor skills and academic performance than boys

Question 8

Approximately what percent of school-aged children can be diagnosed with ADHD?

A) 1-2%
B) 6-9%
C) 10-15%
D) 25-30%

Question 9

Developmental studies of ADHD suggest that:

A) Children show higher rates of ADHD than adolescents or adults
B) Adolescents show higher rates of ADHD than children or adults
C) Adults actually show higher rates of ADHD (especially predominantly inattentive type) than children or adolescents
D) ADHD remains relatively constant across the lifespan

Question 10

What is the pattern of prevalence of ADHD with regard to gender?

A) Before puberty, boys show higher rates of ADHD but after puberty, there are no gender differences
B) Before puberty, there are no gender differences, but after puberty, boys show higher rates of ADHD
C) Across the lifespan, males show higher rates of ADHD than do females
D) Across the lifespan, there are no noticeable gender differences in prevalence of ADHD

Question 11

How does socioeconomic status (SES) relate to prevalence rates of ADHD?

A) ADHD is more prevalent in the higher SES bracket
B) Some types of ADHD are more prevalent in the higher SES bracket whereas other types of ADHD do not show differences across SES levels
C) There are no differences in rates of ADHD across SES levels when comorbidity is controlled statistically
D) ADHD is found more often in the lower SES bracket, even when comorbidity is controlled statistically

Question 12

Higher rates of ADHD tend to be found in the United States when compared with England, probably because:

A) Parents in the U.S. have different expectations about their children's behavior than parents in England
B) Teachers in the U.S. have different expectations about their children's behavior than teachers in England
C) Different diagnostic criteria are used
D) Children in the U.S. eat more processed food (with additives and sugar) than children in England

Question 13

The goodness-of-fit model relates to:

A) The fit between children's activity level and the expectations of teachers
B) Treatment effectiveness for ADHD
C) The fit between children's needs and therapists' styles
D) Which medication fits the needs of different children

Question 14

The highest rates of comorbidity are between ADHD and:

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Conduct disorder
C) Major depression
D) All of the above

Question 15

Children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD are likely to show higher levels of:

A) School difficulties
B) Aggression
C) Sadness
D) All of the above

Question 16

Dr.Helpful is trying to figure out if 9-year-old Jimmy's exaggerated behavior is due to ADHD or bipolar disorder/mania.She is comparing Jimmy's symptoms with the diagnostic criteria of these disorders.She is in the process of:

A) Diagnostic delineations
B) Differential diagnosis
C) Functional assessment
D) Behavioral observation

Question 17

It is not uncommon for symptoms of hyperactivity to follow:

A) Sexual abuse
B) Symptoms of anxiety
C) Family trauma
D) Symptoms of depression

Question 18

Most children are referred for help with ADHD symptoms during the ages of:

A) 3-4 (during the transition to preschool)
B) 4-6 (during the transition to kindergarten)
C) 7-9 (when they begin formal schooling)
D) 10-12 (when they begin middle school)

Question 19

Children with a combination of impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, and conduct problems are referred to as:

A) Multi-dimensional
B) Challenged
C) Fledgling psychopaths
D) Negative attention getters

Question 20

When Nick was younger, his ADHD symptoms were most evident in gross motor movements (e.g., he would jump around and run from place to place).When he was older, he would show ADHD symptoms by being restless and fidgety (e.g., even when seated, his foot would be tapping a mile a minute).Nick's behavior is reflective of:

A) Heterotypic discontinuity
B) Heterotypic continuity
C) Cross-situational consistency
D) Situational specificity

Question 21

ADHD in adulthood:

A) Does not exist
B) Can not be diagnosed with the current diagnostic system
C) Appears to be a valid diagnosis
D) Both a and b are correct

Question 22

The etiology of ADHD is probably best explained by:

A) Cognitive explanations
B) Behavioral antecedent factors
C) Familial and parenting factors
D) Genetic, biological, and neurological factors

Question 23

Dr.Russell Barkley's recent explanation of the development of ADHD centers around:

A) Limitations in self control and behavioral inhibition
B) Attentional difficulties
C) Behavioral reinforcers
D) Food additives and high amounts of sugar consumption

Question 24

Studies of the effects of food additives, sugar consumption, and environmental toxins suggest that:

A) All three factors are related to the development of ADHD
B) Food additives and sugar consumption appear to help trigger the onset of ADHD, but environmental toxins are not related to ADHD
C) Environmental toxins are related to the onset of ADHD, but food additives and sugar are not related to ADHD
D) None of the three factors are related to the development of ADHD

Question 25

Approximately what percent of ADHD children are helped significantly by stimulant medications?

A) 20% to 30%, with an average of 25%
B) 50%
C) 75% to 90%, with an average of 80%
D) Over 95%, with an average of 97%

Question 26

In the treatment of children with ADHD, the following is TRUE:

A) Academic achievement is nearly always improved by stimulant medication
B) After medication is withdrawn, behavioral improvements tend to disappear
C) Treatment of ADHD with psychostimulants is so well accepted in the field that there is almost no controversy about this practice
D) All of the above are true

Question 27

Empirically supported treatments for ADHD include:

A) Behavioral parent training and behavioral interventions in classrooms
B) Family therapy and cognitive therapy
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 28

Contingency management strategies and response-cost procedures are consistent with:

A) Psychopharmacological treatments
B) Behavioral therapy
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Family therapy

Question 29

With regard to the prevention of ADHD:

A) Very little research has been completed, especially in comparison to other disorders
B) A number of promising primary prevention programs have been identified
C) A number of secondary prevention programs have been instituted
D) The use of medication with ADHD is thought to serve in a primary prevention role

Question 30

In the series of studies by Dr.Walter Mischel where children had to wait to eat a marshmallow, delay of gratification was associated with:

A) Lower intelligence
B) Greater impulsivity years later
C) Better functioning up to 10 years later
D) Less weight gain

Question 31

Discuss the history of diagnosis of what we now know as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 32

Provide a detailed description of the diagnostic criteria for ADHD that are currently used.

Question 33

Discuss the various aspects of prevalence of ADHD, including overall prevalence rates and prevalence rates related to gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Question 34

Describe the current etiological theories of ADHD.Which theories have received the most empirical support?

Question 35

Discuss the connections between ADHD and aggression.Include in your answer a discussion of the characteristics of fledgling psychopaths.

Question 36

Discuss the connections between ADHD and school difficulties.

Question 37

chapter10: Disruptive and conduct disorders and related problems

Question 38

Discuss the controversy over medication of ADHD.How effective are stimulant medications and which characteristics are they most effective at treating? What are the potential hazards in treating ADHD with medication?

Question 39

Describe one of the case studies of ADHD in your book and highlight the symptoms that are consistent with the diagnosis of ADHD.

Question 40

What family factors, if any, are related to the functioning of children with ADHD.How can parents help their children diagnosed with ADHD?