Deck 11: Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders and Problems

Question 1

When compared with research on other types of psychopathology evident in childhood and adolescence, research on substance use disorder:

A) Is even more extensive and plentiful
B) Is very limited
C) Is limited to only children rather than adolescents
D) Was very active about 20 years ago, but not recently

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the previous version of DSM (DSM-IV), what were the two primary diagnoses for substance-related problems?

A) Addiction and dependence
B) Substance engagement and substance enhancement
C) Substance abuse and substance determination
D) Substance abuse and substance dependence

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In previous versions of DSM, signs of tolerance to a substance and withdrawal were characterized as:

A) Substance dependence
B) Substance abuse
C) Both substance abuse and substance dependence
D) It depended on the substance under investigation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

High-school senior, Connor, has shown a troubling pattern of cocaine use over the past year and his grades have suffered tremendously.He has withdrawn from friends and family, has continued to use the cocaine in dangerous situations (such as when he is driving), and he spends a great deal of time trying to find ways to buy more cocaine.The most likely diagnosis for Connor is:

A) Substance abuse
B) Substance dependence
C) Cocaine use disorder
D) All of the above

Question 5

Based on epidemiological studies, approximately what percent of children and adolescents meet criteria for a substance use disorder?

A) Less than 1%
B) 4-62%
C) 12%
D) 24%

Question 6

From highest prevalence to lowest prevalence, what is the pattern of substance use disorders in children and adolescents when considering race/ethnicity?

A) Native American; Caucasian; African American; Hispanic/Latino/Latina
B) Caucasian; Hispanic/Latino/Latina; African American; Native American
C) Native American; Caucasian; Hispanic/Latino/Latina; African American
D) African American; Hispanic/Latino/Latina; Caucasian

Question 7

Higher rates of substance use disorders have been found in populations of homeless adolescents.This research suggests that:

A) Substance abusing adolescents tend to run away from home
B) Adolescents use substances to cope with the stress of being homeless
C) Risk factors associated with substance use disorders are the same risk factors that put adolescents at risk for being homeless
D) The directionality of these research findings is not clear

Question 8

The connections between parental alcohol use disorder and adolescent alcohol use disorder appear to be due to which of the following factors?

A) Genetic predisposition in the adolescent
B) Physiological vulnerabilities in the adolescent
C) Less than optimal parenting behaviors
D) All of the above

Question 9

Comorbidity is highest between substance use disorders and:

A) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Depression
D) Anxiety disorders

Question 10

David began smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol when he was 12, then moved on to smoking marijuana when he was 14, and then began abusing cocaine by the time he was

A) Substance trajectory
B) Developmental pathway
C) Gateway phenomenon
D) Intensification process

Question 11

This progression is known as the:

A) Substance trajectory
B) Developmental pathway
C) Gateway phenomenon
D) Intensification process

Question 12

What are the usual stages in developing substance use disorder (from earliest to latest)?

A) Compulsive, habitual, instrumental, social, experimental
B) Experimental, instrumental, social, habitual, compulsive
C) Experimental, social, instrumental, habitual, compulsive
D) Social, experimental, instrumental, habitual, compulsive

Question 13

When disorders are comorbid, which of the following disorders is likely to occur after the onset of substance use disorders rather than before?

A) Separation anxiety disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Conduct disorder
D) None of the above

Question 14

Relapse after treatment (i.e., going back to abusing a substance):

A) Is relatively uncommon
B) Is common, but usually only occurs about a year after treatment
C) Is common, but usually only occurs about six months after treatment
D) Is common, and usually occurs within about three months of treatment

Question 15

Regarding etiology, which of the following factors appear to be related to the development of substance use disorders?

A) Biological and genetic factors
B) Cognitive factors
C) Cultural and societal factors
D) All of the above

Question 16

Regarding parental rejection and substance use disorders:

A) Parental rejection is associated with adolescents' intent to use substances
B) Rejection by the father is even more strongly associated with later substance use disorders than rejection by the mother
C) Rejection by the mother is even more strongly associated with later substance use disorders than rejection by the father
D) Both a and b are correct

Question 17

Which theory suggests that individuals are vulnerable to psychopathology due to personal characteristics, but do not develop psychopathology unless they are challenged with significant stressors?

A) Dynamic diathesis-stress model
B) Transitory model
C) Cognitive-stress model
D) Behavioral-stress model

Question 18

Which of the following risk factors in childhood or adolescence are associated with the onset of alcohol use disorder in adulthood?

A) Higher levels of activity
B) Aggression
C) Poor academic achievement
D) All of the above

Question 19

If a study was being conducted in a third-grade classroom and was asking children "How often do adults feel HAPPY when they drink alcohol?," this study is most likely investigating:

A) Affect related to alcohol use
B) Expectancies
C) Parental drinking habits
D) Children's intent to drink alcohol

Question 20

Research on alcohol expectancies has found that:

A) Younger children have more negative expectancies about drinking alcohol than older children
B) Adolescents have the most negative expectancies about drinking alcohol, largely because so many of them have gotten sick from being drunk
C) Youngsters tend not to have any expectancies about alcohol unless they live with someone experiencing alcoholism
D) It is unethical to ask children about their expectancies about alcohol (because it might give them ideas about drinking), so this research is no longer allowed

Question 21

One of the biggest hurdles in treating adolescents with substance use disorders is:

A) Feelings of invincibility
B) Lack of motivation
C) Parents usually do not support treatment goals
D) Interference with school activities

Question 22

Laura is nearing the end of her treatment for alcohol use disorder.Her therapist is now working to have her identify high-risk situations that are likely to lead to substance use (e.g., after-prom parties), developing ways to cope with high-risk situations (e.g., after the prom, go to a late-night diner that does not serve alcohol with non-drinking friends), developing refusal skills to say "no" to alcohol when it is offered, and setting positive goals.Her therapist is now focusing on:

A) Resistance to temptations
B) Recovery
C) Relapse prevention
D) Termination

Question 23

The most effective treatments for substance use disorders include:

A) Individual and familial characteristics
B) Peer network issues
C) Relapse prevention and aftercare
D) All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is the most effective prevention program?

A) The Just Say 'No' campaign
B) Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
C) Life Skills Training
D) All of the above programs are very effective

Question 25

Higher rates of substance use are found in studies with:

A) Confidential self-report questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Adolescent interviewers
D) Parent-reports of adolescents' behavior

Question 26

For males, binge drinking is defined as:

A) Having three or more alcoholic drinks in rapid succession on one occasion
B) Having five or more alcoholic drinks in rapid succession on one occasion
C) Having seven or more alcoholic drinks in rapid succession on one occasion
D) It depends on the person's body mass, height, and weight

Question 27

When considering substance use rather than substance use disorders, the highest rates of substance use (e.g., hallucinogens, amphetamines, inhalants, barbiturates, and tranquilizers) in the United States are shown by:

A) Hispanic/Latino/Latina adolescents
B) African American adolescents
C) Native American adolescents
D) Caucasian American adolescents

Question 28

In contrast to girls without a history of sexual abuse, girls who have been sexually abused:

A) Show lower rates of substance use disorders
B) Show higher rates of substance use disorders
C) Show comparable rates of substance use disorders
D) There are no clear patterns in the research

Question 29

Which of the following are protective factors associated with lower rates of substance use disorders:

A) Feeling intolerant of deviant behaviors in others
B) Having a strong religious belief system
C) Feeling committed to school
D) All of the above

Question 30

Motivational interviewing is most commonly used to treat:

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Conduct disorder
C) Major depressive disorder
D) Substance use disorder

Question 31

Within the United States, who shows the lowest rates of smoking cigarettes?

A) Caucasian children and young adolescents
B) African American children and young adolescents
C) Hispanic/Latino/Latina children and young adolescents
D) African American older adolescents and young adults

Question 32

Define substance abuse and substance dependence, based on the previous DSM-IV criteria.Discuss the various aspects of prevalence of substance use disorders (e.g., gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status).

Question 33

Discuss comorbidity in the context of substance use disorders.What is the pattern related to which disorders usually have an earlier onset than other disorders?

Question 34

Discuss two theories of substance use disorders.Provide empirical evidence that supports or refutes these theories.

Question 35

Develop a case study of an adolescent who shows a substance use disorder.Identify what risk factors were likely involved in the development of that adolescent's substance use disorder.

Question 36

What are the most effective treatments for substance use disorders? What components are especially important to include in treatment for substance use disorders?

Question 37

Discuss the gateway phenomenon as it relates to the development of substance use disorder.Highlight the points in which protective factors might lessen the likelihood of substance use disorder along the way.

Question 38

Discuss the role of parents in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders.If you were a therapist, how would you try to engage parents in the treatment of an adolescent who was abusing substances?

Question 39

What risk factors are associated with substance use disorders? Which of these risk factors also put children and adolescents at risk for other disorders? Which other disorders?

Question 40

Discuss the research findings related to alcohol expectancies.How does this research help inform us about prevention programs?

Question 41

Discuss at least three prevention programs that exist for the prevention of substance use disorders.How effective have these programs been?