Deck 9: The New Profession of Psychology

Question 1

Throughout much of 20th century America, what were the four principal professional areas of psychology?

A)clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, sport psychology, forensic psychology
B)clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, school psychology, counseling psychology
C)clinical psychology, consulting psychology, business psychology, forensic psychology
D)clinical psychology, school psychology, sport psychology, industrial- organizational psychology

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT typically be part of the definition of a profession?

A)a recommended curriculum of study
B)a code of ethics
C)requirements for continuing education
D)employment by an organization or corporation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The work of American psychologists in World War I involved

A)design of aircraft cockpit instrumentation, training of pilots, improvement of weapon systems
B)propaganda to demoralize the enemy troops
C)psychological warfare
D)intelligence testing, job selection testing, assessment of shell shock victims

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The condition known as shell shock in World War I is today called

A)battle fatigue
B)psychiatric disassociation
C)post-traumatic stress disorder
D)Myers' disorder

Question 5

During World War I, Robert Woodworth was asked to develop a psychological test that would

A)predict leadership potential in officer candidates
B)screen out military recruits who were mentally challenged
C)screen out potential shell shock victims
D)assess perceptual abilities in pilot candidates

Question 6

The first organization for applied psychologists in the United States was for psychologists who referred to their specialty as

A)clinical psychology
B)child study
C)business psychology
D)school psychology

Question 7

Professional licensure in psychology means that

A)all psychologists will behave ethically
B)what psychologists can do in professional practice is defined and protected
C)the effectiveness of psychotherapy is legally assured
D)all client cases will be reviewed by the state as part of its role in protecting the public

Question 8

The main reason that applied psychologists formed organizations independent of the American Psychological Association (APA) was because

A)they didn't respect the applied psychology groups within APA
B)they did not want to submit to the control of the APA
C)APA saw itself as a scientific organization and did not welcome psychologists in applied work
D)APA had asked that a portion of all wages earned in applied work be paid to the Association as a way to support the applied section of the annual
APA convention

Question 9

The principal activity that defined professional psychologists throughout the 20th century was

A)introspection
B)psychoanalysis
C)psychotherapy
D)mental testing

Question 10

The early role of clinical psychologists was to

A)work with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system
B)serve as assistants to psychiatrists, providing psychotherapy to patients under psychiatric supervision
C)administer and score psychological tests
D)assess psychological problems and make diagnoses

Question 11

In the early years of clinical psychology, the focus was on intelligence testing, but in the 1930s, that role was expanded with the addition of

A)vocational tests
B)achievement tests
C)interest tests
D)personality tests

Question 12

The Rorschach Inkblot Test was designed in the context of Freudian theory, believing that individuals would reveal their unconscious motives in responding to the ambiguous inkblots. What defense mechanism was supposed to be in usewhen individuals took this test?

A)rationalization
B)projection
C)repression
D)reaction formation

Question 13

What significant change in the practice of clinical psychology was brought about by World War II?

A)Clinical psychologists began providing psychotherapy.
B)Clinical psychologists were allowed to prescribe a limited class of psychoactive drugs.
C)Clinical psychologists were given authority to commit individuals to mental hospitals.
D)Clinical psychologists were all required to have two years of training in a medical school.

Question 14

A conference in Boulder, Colorado in the summer of 1949 resulted in an agreed- upon model for the professional training of clinical psychologists. This model is known as the

A)professional school model
B)scientist-practitioner model
C)clinical training model
D)APA training model

Question 15

If a psychological problem seems to be the result of disordered or irrational thinking, what form of psychotherapy would likely be most effective?

A)psychoanalysis
B)humanistic therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)cognitive-behavior therapy

Question 16

What approach to psychotherapy emphasized the potential for personal growth and encouraged self-exploration and self-determination?

A)psychoanalysis
B)humanistic therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)cognitive-behavior therapy

Question 17

After World War II, the principal work for industrial psychologists was in

A)management consulting
B)leadership training
C)personnel selection
D)morale building

Question 18

The Hawthorne studies of the late 1920s and early 1930s led industrial- organizational psychologists to focus on

A)human relations in the workplace
B)job analysis and job matching
C)selection and training of managers
D)measures of worker efficiency

Question 19

Psychologists developed personality tests for use in industry in the 1930s for what purpose?

A)to select managers with great leadership potential
B)to ensure that job satisfaction would be maximized
C)to screen out employees who likely would be troublemakers
D)to match employee personality traits with the characteristics of the job

Question 20

Human factors psychologists do what kind of work?

A)select workers for businesses and industry
B)work on the interface of people and the equipment they operate
C)study consumer behavior to advise companies about advertising
D)develop job protocols that maximize worker efficiency

Question 21

As opposed to an industrial psychologist, an organizational psychologist is more likely to work on problems of

A)job analysis
B)performance appraisal
C)personnel selection
D)job satisfaction

Question 22

In the beginning of the 20th century the task of school psychologists was primarily

A)to assess children with learning disabilities
B)to help teachers deal with children who had significant emotional problems
C)to identify children who were "mentally defective"
D)to teach classes for emotionally disturbed children

Question 23

In the 20th century, the chief criticism of intelligence tests was that they

A)were culturally biased
B)were invalid
C)were unreliable
D)did not measure social intelligence

Question 24

Counseling psychology is a profession whose history is found primarily in two roots: the vocational guidance movement and

A)the personnel work of industrial psychology
B)the work in schools for children who were labeled "feebleminded"
C)intellectual assessment
D)clinical assessment of children in the courts

Question 25

Although Carl Rogers' nondirective therapy has influenced much of professional psychology, his therapeutic ideas have proven especially important in

A)clinical psychology
B)counseling psychology
C)school psychology
D)vocational guidance

Question 26

One of the outcomes of the Vail Conference in 1973 was the recommendation for

A)a greater emphasis on the science portion of professional training
B)elimination of the internship year for professional training
C)creation of the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree
D)licensing of master's level psychology practitioners

Question 27

The first professional school of psychology was established in the

A)1960s
B)1970s
C)1980s
D)1990s

Question 28

What are the defining characteristics of a profession and how are those manifested in the profession of psychologist.

Question 29

Describe the several roles that psychologists played in World War I.

Question 30

As psychologists increasingly found work outside of universities, the profession of psychology grew. Describe the efforts of these early professional psychologists to have an organization that represented their interests and professional concerns, including their attempts to be a part of the American Psychological Association.

Question 31

Assessment, that is, psychological testing, was arguably the defining feature of the work of the early applied psychologists. Discuss the role of psychological tests in the beginnings of clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, school psychology, and counseling psychology.

Question 32

Discuss how the Hawthorne studies and World War II transformed industrial- organizational psychology.

Question 33

World War II was particularly important in creating the modern profession of clinical psychology. Discuss the dramatic changes in clinical psychology brought on by that war.

Question 34

Describe the formation of school psychology as a profession.

Question 35

Describe the formation of counseling psychology as a profession.