Deck 6: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

Research indicates that Hispanic American children have higher rates of separation anxiety disorder than European American children.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Anxiety is future oriented, whereas fear is a reaction to an immediate threat.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Worry is a behavioral response to anxiety.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Several classic studies indicate that normal children do not exhibit a large number of fears.

Question 5

Surveys of normal children have revealed that parents may overestimate the prevalence of fears in their children.

Question 6

It is most commonly reported that both the number and intensity of fears experienced by children decreases with age.

Question 7

Within the internalizing syndrome of the empirical taxonomy based on Achenbach's instruments, there are separate subcategories for anxiety and depression.

Question 8

Phobia is the term often employed to describe fears that are quite intense, continue longer than expected, and interfere with functioning.

Question 9

An 8-year-old boy who is afraid of the water does not realize that his fear is excessive and unreasonable; therefore, he would not meet the DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia.

Question 10

Specific phobias are among the most commonly diagnosed anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

Question 11

Concerns about being negatively evaluated are common among youngsters with social phobia.

Question 12

Becca, a high school freshman, must give an oral report in order to pass her social studies course. She has been nervous and upset. On the day of the scheduled presentation, she does not come to school. Becca may be experiencing social anxiety disorder.

Question 13

Selective mutism is a separate DSM-IV-TR disorder.

Question 14

Most youngsters with social phobia do not meet the criteria for other disorders.

Question 15

Based on the case study of Bruce reported in the textbook, the boy with selective mutism, selective mutism is an easily treated disorder.

Question 16

Separation anxiety is reportedly common in older adolescents.

Question 17

All youth who have separation anxiety exhibit school refusal.

Question 18

School refusal and truancy can be differentiated by fear, parental knowledge of the absence, and the existence of other conduct problems.

Question 19

In regard to youth who refuse school, it is best to recommend home schooling versus attempting to have them resume regular classroom attendance.

Question 20

Somatic (physical) complaints (e.g., stomachaches) are symptoms that occur among youngsters with separation anxiety disorder, but not among those with generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 21

Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders among adolescents.

Question 22

According to the case study in the textbook of John who had Generalized Anxiety Disorder, having low self esteem is a common side effect of this disorder.

Question 23

Panic attacks are a DSM-IV diagnosis.

Question 24

Research on the children kidnapped from Chowchilla, CA, found that 73% of the children had moderate to severe reactions to the event.

Question 25

Acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the same; however, one occurs in children and one occurs in adults.

Question 26

Many children who experience child abuse also meet the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 27

LaGreca et al. studied children who experienced Hurricane Andrew in Florida. After 10 months, less than 10 percent of the children reported re-experiencing symptoms.

Question 28

The number of hours watching televised reports of the September 11, 2001 terrorism attacks was correlated with stress symptoms. That is, the more hours watched, the greater the symptoms reported.

Question 29

The DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder requires that youngsters realize that these thoughts and behaviors are unreasonable.

Question 30

Based on the case study of Sergei (the 17 year old with OCD), it is evident that symptoms of OCD tend to remain fairly stable in young people, making the disorder easier to manage.

Question 31

Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often recognized only when symptoms are very severe.

Question 32

Prior to adolescence, boys are more likely to be diagnosed with OCD than girls.

Question 33

OCD is often comorbid with tic disorders.

Question 34

There is clear evidence that developmental rituals are early manifestations of OCD.

Question 35

There is little evidence of a genetic contribution in anxiety disorders.

Question 36

Part of the basis for a biological explanation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is research that indicates that both OCD and Tourette syndrome occur in the same individuals.

Question 37

Depression and anxiety are both characterized by low levels of positive affect.

Question 38

Effortful control is the ability to employ self-regulative processes.

Question 39

According the research reported in the textbook, ethnicity does not impact the reporting of anxiety symptoms.

Question 40

The most widely used measure to assess anxiety in children and adolescents is a heart rate monitor.

Question 41

The assessment of the subjective component of anxiety disorders may be more difficult for child clients than assessment in adults. This may be due, in part, to the difficulty parents and clinicians have in reliably identifying emotional discomfort in children.

Question 42

Exposure to anxiety provoking situations is a central element of successful fear reduction.

Question 43

The main difference between the FEAR program and the FRIENDS program is family involvement.

Question 44

Pharmacological treatment for anxiety in youth is probably the treatment of first choice.

Question 45

According to the FDA, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may increase depression or suicidality in youth.

Question 46

To date, prevention programs for anxiety have not been very effective.

Question 47

A general definition of anxiety as a complex pattern of three types of reactions to a perceived threat usually refers to which of the following responses?

A) Physiological responses
B) Unconscious responses
C) Aggressive responses
D) Covert responses

Question 48

Which of the following is true regarding fears, worries and anxiety in youth?

A) As children get older they are less likely to worry about threats to well-being.
B) Boys are more likely than girls to report fears and worries.
C) The most common fears do not vary across cultures.
D) There are no cultural differences in how anxiety is expressed (i.e., the prevalence rates of specific anxiety disorders).

Question 49

In the DSM-IV system, which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) Separation anxiety disorder
B) Overanxious disorder
C) Acute fear disorder
D) Avoidant disorder

Question 50

Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders?

A)Anxiety disorders are the least common disorders experienced by children and adolescents.
B)Young people are likely to meet the criteria for more than one anxiety disorder.
C)Young people typically outgrow their anxiety disorder.
D)Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.

Question 51

Susan is 8 years old and exhibits an excessive and persistent fear of bearded men. She cries, clings to her mother, and is nauseous whenever she sees bearded men. She will not go to church since many members of the congregation have beards. She also does not want to go shopping or to restaurants for similar reasons. Susan would most likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of

A) social phobia.
B) specific phobia.
C) separation anxiety disorder.
D) neurotic anxiety.

Question 52

Based on the case study of Carlos presented in your book, which of the following is likely true regarding specific phobias?

A) In order for phobias to develop, an individual must have a history numerous negative experiences with the feared object.
B) If there has only been one bad experience with an object, the phobia is not severe.
C) Phobias tend to resolve without treatment.
D) Phobias can generalize to broad categories of objects (e.g., all buttons).

Question 53

Children and adolescents with social phobia

A) often fear situations such as public speaking or performing in front of others.
B) only exhibit fear or anxiety when interacting with adults.
C) exhibit social fears all the time, even when interacting with familiar adults.
D) develop selective mutism after having the diagnosis for 6-9 months.

Question 54

Which of the following is accurate regarding the diagnosis of social phobia in an adolescent?

A) The adolescent will not recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.
B) The distinction between normal and abnormal social anxiety may be particularly difficult.
C) The disorder is likely overdiagnosed in adolescents diagnosed in this age group.
D) Young people with social anxiety are typically on anxious in one or two social situations (e.g., meeting new people or performing in front a group).

Question 55

An 8-year-old boy, Ben, refuses to go to school, complains of stomachaches and nausea on school days, and experiences extreme anxiety in this and other situations requiring interactions with peers. Ben would most likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of

A) separation anxiety disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) social phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 56

A youngster receiving a DSM-IV diagnosis of social phobia

A) is likely to meet the criteria for another DSM diagnosis.
B) is likely to have a general absence of appropriate social skills.
C) is likely to have a problem with age-appropriate social relations with familiar people.
D) may exhibit this problem only in interactions with adults.

Question 57

Selective mutism might be conceptualized as an extreme form of:

A) social anxiety.
B) school anxiety.
C) language disorder.
D) depressive disorder.

Question 58

Amy is a kindergarten girl who, since preschool, does not speak at all in school or with her peers. She does easily speak with family members or when she is alone. Others describe her as fearful and clinging. Which of the following best fits Amy?

A) Developmental language disorder
B) School phobia
C) Avoidant disorder
D) Selective mutism

Question 59

The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder requires

A) refusal to go to school plus two out of seven other symptoms.
B) refusal to go to school plus three of seven other symptoms.
C) any three of eight listed symptoms.
D) evidence of actual prolonged separation from the mother plus three of eight listed symptoms.

Question 60

The most widespread explanation for cases of school refusal is

A) psychological disturbance in the mother.
B) anxiety concerning academic performance.
C) separation anxiety.
D) traumatic experiences at school.

Question 61

An 8-year-old girl, Cindy, refuses to go to school, complains of stomachaches and nausea on school days, but readily goes to other children's homes and to other activities away from home. Cindy expresses anxiety regarding aspects of the school situation. She would most likely receive a DSM diagnosis of

A) school refusal disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) separation anxiety disorder.
D) social phobia.

Question 62

Which of the following statements regarding school refusal is true?

A) School refusal only occurs during the elementary school years.
B) School refusal has a better prognosis in older youngsters.
C) School refusal in young children is likely to be related to conduct disorder.
D) School refusal in adolescents is likely to be associated with a mixed presentation of anxiety and depression .

Question 63

Heather is a 13-year-old who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. It is likely that Heather

A) exhibits anxiety concerning one particular kind of situation.
B) has excessive concerns with her competence and performance.
C) has symptoms that are likely to be transitory (short term).
D) does not show other signs of significant impairment in her functioning.

Question 64

Which of the following pairs of symptoms is required for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder?

A) Excessive anxiety or worry and difficulty concentrating
B) Excessive anxiety or worry and difficulty controlling worry
C) Difficulty controlling worry and irritability
D) Difficulty concentrating and disturbed sleep

Question 65

Research on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) indicates that

A) GAD often co-occurs with other disorders.
B) the intensity of the symptoms tends to decrease with age.
C) separation anxiety is a common co-occurring disorder in adolescents with GAD.
D) it is theorized to be under diagnosed.

Question 66

A(n) __________ is a discrete period of intense fear or terror that has a sudden onset and reaches a peak quickly.

A) anxiety attack
B) compulsion
C) panic attack
D) parathesia

Question 67

A panic attack that occurs "out of the blue" is described as a(n)

A) cued panic attack.
B) uncued panic attack.
C) pseudo panic attack.
D) depressive panic attack.

Question 68

Severe cases of panic may lead to a youngster becoming terrified of leaving home for fear of being alone or of a situation where an uncontrollable or embarrassing attack may occur. This pattern is known as

A) agoraphobia.
B) separation anxiety.
C) domestic panic.
D) attachment panic.

Question 69

Which of the following is true regarding panic disorder in children?

A) Children report more cognitive symptoms than adults.
B) Children experience only cued panic attacks.
C) Children may report a general fear of becoming sick rather than specific physical symptoms.
D) Panic disorder is more prevalent in children than adolescents .

Question 70

Which of the following regarding panic attacks and youth is true?

A)Adolescents with panic attacks do not experience very much distress or impairment.
B)Adolescents with panic attacks are not likely to seek treatment.
C)Most youth with panic have no history of anxiety.
D)Many youth with panic disorder in clinical settings have a family history of panic attacks.

Question 71

Research suggests that ______ may serve as a precursor to panic disorder.

A) medical fears and specific phobias
B) orderliness and obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) shyness and social phobia
D) separation concerns and separation anxiety disorder

Question 72

A(n) _______ is usually defined as an event outside of everyday experience that would be distressing to almost anyone.

A) panic attack
B) obsession
C) trauma
D) parathesia

Question 73

Mark experiences an event that poses a serious threat of injury or loss of his life. He subsequently experiences feelings of fear and helplessness that clearly interfere with his functioning. He also reports dissociative symptoms. The entire set of symptoms lasts for about three weeks. Mark is most likely to receive the DSM-IV diagnosis of

A) specific phobia.
B) acute stress disorder.
C) panic type stress disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 74

Which of the following is required for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A) Re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal
B) Panic, depression, and dissociation
C) Withdrawal, aggression, and delusions
D) Fear, rejection of others, dissociation

Question 75

______________ is an alteration in self-awareness that includes numbing, detachment or appearing to be in a daze.

A) Trauma
B) Derealization
C) Dissociation
D) Depersonalization

Question 76

Which of the following symptoms is least likely to occur in a young child who has experienced a traumatic event during a train trip?

A) Sleep difficulties
B) Fears regarding other forms of transportation
C) Fears related to small animals and other objects
D) Dependent, clinging behavior

Question 77

Which of the following is true regarding PTSD?

A) Avoidance is the most common symptom.
B) Children and adolescents tend to experience the same pattern of symptoms.
C) Symptoms can differ depending on the nature of the traumatic event.
D) The degree of exposure to the traumatic event is irrelevant.

Question 78

Based on the work of LaGreca et al., following Hurricane Andrew, which of the following statements regarding the developmental course of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder is accurate?

A) All attempts to cope, both negative and positive, resulted in persistent symptoms.
B) Symptoms of avoidance and general numbing increased over time.
C) Symptoms of arousal increased over time.
D) Substantial numbers of children continued to report "re-experiencing" symptoms.

Question 79

As a result of the Oklahoma City bombing,

A) youngsters in the area experienced both immediate and continuing symptoms of posttraumatic stress.
B) the majority of youngsters in the area no longer experienced symptoms after two months' time.
C) only those youngsters who had lost an immediate family member continued to experience symptoms two months after the bombing.
D) youngsters showed no correlations between television exposure to the event and PTSD symptoms.

Question 80

Sam, age 6, experiences repeated and persistent thoughts concerning infection and illness, which he does not think are unusual or unreasonable. These thoughts

A) may be compulsions.
B) are not compulsions since they are not viewed as unreasonable.
C) may be obsessions.
D) are not obsessions since they are not viewed as unreasonable.