Deck 7: Water and Other Solutions

Question 1

Likes dissolve likes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An alloy is an example of a mixture.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An alloy has a composition of 5% Mn and 95% Fe. According to this composition Fe serves as the solute.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The lower Earth atmosphere is mostly composed of nitrogen gas by approximately 78%, and the oxygen content is approximately 20.9%. According to this composition of gases in the lower atmosphere, nitrogen gas is the solvent.

Question 5

The lower Earth atmosphere is mostly composed of nitrogen gas by approximately 78%, and the oxygen content is approximately 20.9%. According to this composition of gases in the lower atmosphere, oxygen gas is the solute.

Question 6

An aqueous solution sometimes has a water-based solvent.

Question 7

Lighter fluid will dissolve oil better than water.

Question 8

Ethanol, a polar molecule, will not dissolve in octane (C₈H₁₈).

Question 9

Solutions can display the Tyndall effect.

Question 10

Colloidal mixtures have the property of scattering a beam of light.

Question 11

Mayonnaise is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion.

Question 12

Milk of magnesia and Pepto-Bismol are examples of solutions.

Question 13

A dispersion of solid particles in a fluid that tend to settle over time is a suspension.

Question 14

Emulsifiers help to break up emulsions.

Question 15

Emulsions are exclusively made up of hydrophobic compounds.

Question 16

When solute is dissolved in a solvent it makes a _____.

A) solution
B) saturated solution
C) supersaturated solution
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 17

When the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent it makes a _____.

A) solution
B) saturated solution
C) supersaturated solution
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 18

An overly saturated solution is a _____.

A) solution
B) saturated solution
C) supersaturated solution
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

Hydrophobic tails of emulsifiers are ____.

A) nonpolar
B) polar
C) emulsions
D) hydrophilic
E) None of the above.

Question 20

Hydrophilic heads of emulsifiers are ____.

A) nonpolar
B) polar
C) emulsions
D) hydrophilic
E) None of the above.

Question 21

Milk is an aqueous colloidal suspension of ____.

A) fats
B) proteins
C) dissolved lactose
D) dissolved minerals
E) All of the above.

Question 22

Butter is a(n) _____ emulsion.

A) water-in-oil
B) water-in-water
C) oil-in-oil
D) oil-in-water
E) None of the above.

Question 23

Margarine is a(n) _____ emulsion.

A) water-in-oil
B) water-in-water
C) oil-in-oil
D) oil-in-water
E) None of the above.

Question 24

A low fat salad dressing is a(n) _____ emulsion.

A) water-in-oil
B) water-in-water
C) oil-in-oil
D) oil-in-water
E) None of the above.

Question 25

Water forms strong intermolecular attractions to ______.

A) nonpolar compounds
B) ions
C) noble gases
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

At constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the ________ of the gas above the liquid.

A) volume
B) density
C) pressure
D) moles
E) None of the above.

Question 27

The process that initiates the formation of a distinct state of matter within a solution, such as bubbles (gas) or crystals (solid) is called nucleation.

Question 28

The rate at which a gas dissolves in a liquid depends partly on the __________ of contact between liquid and gas.

A) point
B) surface area
C) volume
D) mass
E) None of the above.

Question 29

Henry's Law predicts that as we ___________ the pressure of the gas over a liquid, its solubility ____________.

A) increase, decreases
B) decrease, increases
C) increase, increases
D) increase, remains the same
E) None of the above.

Question 30

As the pressure of a gas decreases over a liquid, its solubility decreases.

Question 31

The concentration of ethanol in the blood, typically measured in grams of ethanol per 100 mL blood.

Question 32

In a normal, healthy adult, blood just leaving the lungs carries its cargo of oxygen at a concentration equivalent to what we would find in a solution at normal body temperature that is under a pressure of 100 mm-Hg of O₂.

Question 33

Two gases constitute 99% of the (dry) air we inhale: nitrogen (78.1%) and oxygen (10.9%).

Question 34

Every breath out of a normal, healthy adult is approximately 3.7% CO₂.

Question 35

Every breath out of a normal, healthy adult is approximately 75% O₂.

Question 36

As cells consume O₂ and produce CO₂, the concentration of O₂ drops to 40-mm Hg and the concentration of CO₂ increases to 45-mm Hg.

Question 37

Oxygen gas is transported within the blood by hemoglobin.

Question 38

Oxygen gas is transported within the blood by hemoglobin.

Question 39

For these atmospheric gases _____ dissolves the most in water.

A) N₂
B) O₂
C) CO₂
D) Argon
E) None of the above.

Question 40

For these atmospheric gases _____ dissolves the 2^nd most in water.

A) N₂
B) O₂
C) CO₂
D) Argon
E) None of the above.

Question 41

For these atmospheric gases _____ dissolves the least in water.

A) N₂
B) O₂
C) CO₂
D) Argon
E) None of the above.

Question 42

Which of the following gases contributes to acid rain?

A) N₂
B) O₂
C) CO₂
D) Argon
E) None of the above.

Question 43

For a person that has consumed a moderate amount of alcohol during a relatively short period, the person's_____ will have the highest concentration of alcohol that can be detected readily.

A) blood
B) brain
C) alveolar breath
D) spleen
E) None of the above.

Question 44

For a person that has consumed a moderate amount of alcohol during a relatively short period, the person's_____ will have the lowest concentration of alcohol that can be detected readily.

A) blood
B) alveolar breath
C) nails
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 45

At room temperature a maximum of about 10.0 g of nitrogen dissolves in 1 L of water.

Question 46

At room temperature a maximum of about 0.01 g of nitrogen dissolves in 1 L of water.

Question 47

At room temperature a maximum of about 3.4 g of carbon dioxide dissolves in 1 L of water.

Question 48

At room temperature a maximum of about 0.5 g of oxygen dissolves in 1 L of water.

Question 49

At room temperature a maximum of about 0.05 g of oxygen dissolves in 1 L of water.

Question 50

As oxygen passes across the alveolar wall and into the capillaries, the concentration of O₂ within the blood increases to 100 mm-Hg.

Question 51

A student wants to make a 500-mL 3.50 M solution of NaCl. How many grams of NaCl should the student measure out? The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 grams/mole.

A) 102 g
B) 153 g
C) 18.3 g
D) 65.7 g
E) 68.7 g

Question 52

A student wants to make a 750-mL 3.50 M solution of NaCl. How many grams of NaCl should the student measure out? The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 grams/mole.

A) 102 g
B) 153 g
C) 18.3 g
D) 65.7 g
E) 68.7 g

Question 53

A student wants to make a 125-mL 2.50 M solution of NaCl. How many grams of NaCl should the student measure out? The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 grams/mole.

A) 102 g
B) 153 g
C) 18.3 g
D) 65.7 g
E) 68.7 g

Question 54

A student wants to make a 375-mL 3.0 M solution of NaCl. How many grams of NaCl should the student measure out? The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 grams/mole.

A) 102 g
B) 153 g
C) 18.3 g
D) 65.7 g
E) 68.7 g

Question 55

A student wants to make a 280-mL 4.2 M solution of NaCl. How many grams of NaCl should the student measure out? The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 grams/mole.

A) 102 g
B) 153 g
C) 18.3 g
D) 65.7 g
E) 68.7 g

Question 56

A student wants to make a 1.55 M KCl solution using 39.5 g KCl. What volume (in mL) is needed to made this concentration? The formula mass for KCl is 74.55 g/mol.

A) 342 mL
B) 242 mL
C) 338 mL
D) 584 mL
E) 639 mL

Question 57

A student wants to make a 2.76 M KCl solution using 49.7 g KCl. What volume (in mL) is needed to made this concentration? The formula mass for KCl is 74.55 g/mol.

A) 342 mL
B) 242 mL
C) 338 mL
D) 584 mL
E) 639 mL

Question 58

A student wants to make a 3.02 M KCl solution using 76.2 g KCl. What volume (in mL) is needed to made this concentration? The formula mass for KCl is 74.55 g/mol u.

A) 342 mL
B) 242 mL
C) 338 mL
D) 584 mL
E) 639 mL

Question 59

A student wants to make a 2.55 M KCl solution using 111 g KCl. What volume (in mL) is needed to made this concentration? The formula mass for KCl is 74.55 g/mol.

A) 342 mL
B) 242 mL
C) 338 mL
D) 584 mL
E) 639 mL

Question 60

A student wants to make a 1.89 M KCl solution using 90.0 g KCl. What volume (in mL) is needed to made this concentration? The formula mass for KCl is 74.55 g/mol.

A) 342 mL
B) 242 mL
C) 338 mL
D) 584 mL
E) 639 mL

Question 61

The molarity of a 850-mL solution having 5.44 moles NaCl is 6.4 M. The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 g/mol.

Question 62

The molarity of a 1250-mL solution having 7.75 moles NaCl is 9.4 M. The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 u.

Question 63

The molarity of a 777-mL solution having 3.33 moles NaCl is 4.29 M. The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 u.

Question 64

The molarity of a 500-mL solution having 5.00 moles NaCl is 5.00 M. The formula mass for NaCl is 58.44 u.

Question 65

Molarity is a measure of concentration

Question 66

To maintain proper health, our bodies operate according to the principle of homeostasis

Question 67

A solution concentration equal to 1 mg of solute in 1 kg of solvent is known as parts per billion (ppb).

Question 68

Glucose levels are normally between 80 and 130 mg per 100 mL of blood.

Question 69

The concentrations of alcoholic beverages (aqueous solutions of ethanol) are also described in terms of m/v %.

Question 70

Adding 50-mL of 40 proof alcohol to another 50-mL of 40 proof alcohol will make 100-mL of 80 proof alcohol.

Question 71

The human body is approximately 50% water, by weight.

Question 72

The Earth's crust holds approximately 2 x 10¹⁸ tons of water.

Question 73

About 15% of the Earth's water is readily accessible and available for use as fresh, drinkable water.

Question 74

Fluoridated water typically contains between 10.0 and 12.0 ppm fluoride.

Question 75

The maximum contaminant level for arsenic in the public drinking water supply is 0.01 ppm.

Question 76

The maximum contaminant level for barium in the public drinking water supply is 2 ppm.

Question 77

The maximum contaminant level for mercury in the public drinking water supply is 0.02 ppm.

Question 78

The removal of salt from saltwater is osmosis.

Question 79

Desalination works by making use of osmosis.

Question 80

Bottled water is always safer than tap water.