Deck 4: Exercise and Aging

Question 1

Physical inactivity increases with which of the following?

A) A higher level of education
B) Being a male
C) Age
D) A higher level of income

Answer 1

C
Research has suggested that as people age, people are less physically active. For example, the CDC: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System reported that 60% of adults do not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity (30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week), and 25% of adults are not physically active at all. By age 75, 36% engaged in no physical activity. Inactivity was more common among women and people with lower income and less education.

Question 2

What did the 1990s Surgeon General's report on physical activity and health emphasize?

A) Americans should get at least 20 minutes of physical activity, most days of the week.
B) Be more active and have fun with it.
C) Physical activities should have a longer duration.
D) Focus on your personalized target heart rate.

Answer 2

B
The Surgeon General's report on physical activity and health in the 1990s emphasized being more active and having fun with it. The report recommended the following (1) Americans should get at least 30 minutes of physical activity, most days of the week; (2) accumulating shorter activity spurts throughout the day may be more accessible; (3) instead of fixating on measuring target heart rate to assess intensity level, just raising one's respiratory and heart rate each day is sufficient-and this can be done by assessing one's own intensity level through two physiological changes that are apparent to the participant: quicker breathing rate and greater body warmth; and (4) setting achievable goals.

Question 3

Cite the potential benefits of flexibility training in older adults.
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Answer 3

Different types of exercise activities for older adults result in different types of benefits. Flexibility exercises are particularly well suited for improving the range of motion and reducing arthritic and other types of pain among older adults.

Question 4

Cite the potential consequences of muscle loss as people age.
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Question 5

For most older adults, what type of exercise will provide sufficient intensity for an aerobics program?

A) Running
B) High-intensity training
C) Biking
D) Walking

Question 6

What is the impact of prolonged daily sitting?

A) Fidgeting
B) Lowered blood pressure
C) Decreased mortality in older persons
D) Chronic health conditions and early mortality

Question 7

How can a person reduce the negative outcomes of prolonged sitting?

A) Chiropractic
B) Acupressure
C) Dynamic sitting
D) Chair sitting

Question 8

What percentage of older adults age 65 or older fall at least once a year?

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%

Question 9

Epidemiological findings have established an association between higher levels of exercise and a decreased risk of which of the following?

A) Cancer
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Fibromyalgia
D) Infectious disease

Question 10

What is one scientifically supported way that older adults can reduce falls?

A) Home-based exercise programs
B) FDA dietary supplements
C) Improved diet
D) Social visits

Question 11

Which of the following statements about strength building for older adults is true?

A) It is a memory enhancer.
B) Preserving leg strength allows older adults to regain balance before falling.
C) Strengthening exercises are not as important for older adults as other types of exercises.
D) Strength building won't do much to prevent the gradual loss of muscle mass as people age.

Question 12

Describe why you should view evidence on the benefits of exercise with a degree of caution.
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Question 13

How can people with osteoarthritis of the knee reduce their incidence of disability by about 50%?

A) Low-carb diet
B) Aerobic and resistance exercise
C) Medication

Question 14

In older adults, exercise might not be helpful for which of the following?

A) Losing weight
B) Improving strength
C) Endurance
D) Flexibility

Question 15

Which of the following is the definition of aerobics?

A) The ability of the muscle to exert force (strength) or to repeat actions over time without fatigue (endurance).
B) The maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during strenuous exertion.
C) Short bursts of energy (like a 50-m sprint or barbell press), quickly depletes energy resources and has limited cardiovascular benefit.
D) Activity moves large volumes of oxygen, employs large muscle groups like the arms and legs, and is sustained at a certain level of intensity over a period of time.