Deck 36: CC-Cultural Theory

Question 1

According to Mark Orbe, ________ is where "individuals are seemingly inhibited and nonconfrontational while putting the needs of others before their own."

A) the latitude of acceptance
B) a humanistic approach
C) a nonassertive approach
D) the latitude of noncommitment

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Mark Orbe, an ________ is behavior "perceived as hurtfully expressive, self-promoting, and assuming control over the choices of others."

A) interpretive approach
B) aggressive approach
C) assertive approach
D) objective approach

Answer 2

B

Question 3

For co-cultural group members, which of the following means fitting into the dominant culture while shedding the speech and nonverbal markers of their own group?

A) adaptation
B) affiliation
C) assimilation
D) accommodation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the context of the communication orientations in co-cultural theory, identify a true statement about nonassertive assimilation.

A) The constant drive of co-cultural members for success while downplaying cultural differences makes it a difficult approach to sustain.
B) Fitting into the dominant structure becomes so important that others' rights and interests are often ignored.
C) Co-cultural members attempt to fit into dominant structures by "playing the game".
D) Co-cultural members attempt to meet their own needs as best they can by unobtrusively blending into the dominant society.

Question 5

In the context of assertive assimilation as a communication orientation in co-cultural theory, which of the following actions best describes the shorthand descriptor "overcompensating"?

A) exploiting the dominant image of a group for personal gain
B) making a conscious and consistent effort to be a "superstar"
C) making covert or overt arrangements to ignore co-cultural differences
D) moving conversation away from risky or dangerous areas

Question 6

In the context of the communication orientations in co-cultural theory, identify a shorthand descriptor of nonassertive accommodation.

A) averting controversy
B) dispelling stereotypes
C) strategic distancing
D) ridiculing self

Question 7

In the context of aggressive assimilation as a communication orientation in co-cultural theory, which of the following shorthand descriptors is best described as adopting dominant communication codes to mask co-cultural identity?

A) mirroring
B) overcompensating
C) bargaining
D) avoiding

Question 8

Working within the dominant culture, co-cultural advocates offer a prophetic voice calling for major transformation of structures and practices that hold co-cultural groups down. In the context of the communication orientations in co-cultural theory, this statement best describes ________.

A) aggressive separation
B) nonassertive separation
C) aggressive accommodation
D) assertive assimilation

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about co-cultural members who employ nonassertive separation, which is a communication orientation in co-cultural theory?

A) They avoid being with people from the dominant culture whenever they can.
B) They make strategic decisions to undermine the benefits of dominant group membership.
C) They use their personal power to strengthen the solidarity of their co-cultural group.
D) They speak confidently about the values and accomplishments of their co-cultural group.

Question 10

In co-cultural theory, "exemplifying strengths" is likely to be employed by co-cultural group members with which of the following communication orientations?

A) aggressive separation
B) aggressive accommodation
C) nonassertive assimilation
D) assertive separation

Question 11

In the context of assertive separation as a communication orientation in co-cultural theory, which of the following actions best describes the shorthand descriptor "embracing stereotypes"?

A) interacting with dominant groups in an open, genuine manner
B) explaining co-cultural norms and values to dominant groups
C) maintaining co-cultural presence within dominant groups
D) putting a positive spin on the biases of dominant groups

Question 12

Keith, a co-cultural member, pursues accommodation with the dominant group using an assertive approach. Considering his assertive accommodation orientation, which of the following actions is he most likely to take?

A) explain co-cultural norms and values to the dominant group
B) make the group's strength, success, and contribution known
C) try hard to avoid the typical behavior of his co-cultural group
D) remain silent to inappropriate or offensive comments

Question 13

In the context of Mark Orbe's communication approaches, an assertive approach is a style of "self-enhancing and expressive behavior that takes into account both self and others' needs."

Question 14

In the context of Mark Orbe's communication approaches, an aggressive approach refers to communication practices that are seen as hurtfully expressive, self-promoting, and assuming control over the choices of others.

Question 15

Accommodation is defined as the co-cultural process of working to change dominant culture rules to take the life experiences of co-cultural members into account.

Question 16

In the context of the communication orientations in co-cultural theory, "ridiculing self" is a shorthand descriptor of nonassertive accommodation.

Question 17

In the context of the communication orientations in co-cultural theory, "utilizing liaisons" is a shorthand descriptor of nonassertive assimilation.

Question 18

In the context of assertive accommodation as a communication orientation in co-cultural theory, co-cultural members whose abilities and interpersonal skills are valued work cooperatively within the dominant culture.

Question 19

The co-cultural group members who desire separation work to create and maintain an identity that is similar to the dominant culture rather than promote their own in-group solidarity.

Question 20

Separatist members, co-cultural group members who desire separation as a preferred outcome of communication, are highly concerned with changing the rules of the dominant culture because they see themselves as idealists who believe in seamless coordination.

Question 21

Mark Orbe believes that a person with a pronounced physical disability easily assimilates into a nondisabled culture.

Question 22

Mark Orbe's stated indebtedness to muted group theory and standpoint theory gives co-cultural theory a built-in community of agreement among communication scholars who take a critical approach.

Question 23

Research suggests that co-cultural members who aim to get members of the dominant culture to accommodate their beliefs and practices tend to be aggressive rather than assertive.

Question 24

Mark Orbe does not call for reform of society or take on the role of advocate; instead, he chooses to shine a bright light on the prevalence of unequal power in intercultural encounters.

Question 25

According to Mark Orbe, ________ refers to the empowered group of relatively well-off, white, European American, nondisabled, heterosexual men in the United States.

Question 26

According to Mark Orbe, marginalized groups in the United States such as women, people of color, the economically disadvantaged, people with physical disabilities, the LGBTQ community, the very old and very young, and religious minorities are referred to as ________.

Question 27

Communication between dominant group and co-cultural group members from the perspective of co-cultural group members is called ________.

Question 28

Recurring verbal and nonverbal actions that co-cultural group members take during their interaction with dominant group members are known as ________.

Question 29

________ is defined as a qualitative research method committed to focusing on the conscious experience of a person as she or he relates to the lived world.

Question 30

In the context of communication orientation, differentiate between the three preferred outcomes-assimilation, accommodation, and separation-that co-cultural members are likely to seek when face to face with members of the dominant culture.

Question 31

In the context of communication orientation, describe the types of verbal and nonverbal behavior-nonassertive, assertive, and aggressive-that co-cultural members are likely to use to reach their chosen goal.

Question 32

Describe nonassertive assimilation and the associated verbal and nonverbal actions that co-cultural group members with this orientation take when interacting with members of the dominant culture.

Question 33

How is assertive accommodation different from aggressive accommodation? Give examples to illustrate these two communication orientations.

Question 34

Which communication orientation approach is often employed by a powerful co-cultural group leader when segregation from the dominant culture seems imperative? Discuss the different verbal and nonverbal actions that are characteristic of this orientation.

Question 35

Explain the four factors-field of experience, situational context, ability, and perceived costs and rewards-identified by Mark Orbe that influence how members of co-cultural groups interact with members of the dominant society.