Deck 5: Historical Research and Action Research

Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason for a researcher to be familiar with historical research and action research?

A) Researchers should know all research approaches.
B) In order to select the best approach for a particular research study.
C) In order to understand research when reading it.
D) It is interesting to learn about the past.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Determining the meaning of the content of historical data is referred to as:

A) internal criticism.
B) external criticism.
C) criterion validity.
D) subjective credibility.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Primary source material used by a historian represents the most important source of information or evidence and may include all of the following, except:

A) physical artifacts.
B) interview transcripts.
C) a living person.
D) Internet websites.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not an important procedure for collecting oral histories?

A) Prepare transcripts for oral histories and allow the person being interviewed to edit the content.
B) Do not read the literature concerning the topic before conducting the interview.
C) Break the interview into several sessions if it is taxing for the participant.
D) Give the person being interviewed the questions ahead of time.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an example of a question a historical researcher may ask?

A) What data may exist about the origin of motor learning?
B) What did the curriculum of physical education look like in 1900?
C) Why did the name of departments change from Physical Education to Kinesiology?
D) What is the impact on student physical activity of creating a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program in a school?

Question 6

Which of the following is not a true statement about hypotheses in historical research?

A) Historical research may or may not have a hypothesis.
B) Hypotheses are not appropriate for historical research studies.
C) Hypotheses may be supported if the data evidence supports the hypotheses.
D) Hypotheses may be rejected if the data evidence does not support the hypotheses.

Question 7

Which of the following is a unique issue in data control and interpretation in conducting historical research?

A) Data already exist and new data cannot be generated.
B) Data may not be trustworthy.
C) Whatever data are found must be analyzed without clarifying research questions.
D) Historical study designs cannot control for extraneous variables.

Question 8

A major limitation for individuals, particularly graduate students, interested in engaging in historical research has been:

A) difficulty in conceptualizing an appropriate research question.
B) availability of appropriate resources.
C) lack of sufficient time.
D) interest in historical research.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a secondary source material used by a historian?

A) Original documents
B) Newspaper articles
C) Internet websites
D) Textbooks

Question 10

Which of the following settings is not conducive to conducting action research?

A) School or school classroom
B) Social services agency
C) Health or fitness facility
D) Another teacher's classroom

Question 11

Which of the following is a definition of practical action research?

A) When the goal of research is to generalize the findings
B) When the goal of research is broad to improve the quality of lives through social change
C) When the goal of research is specific to solve an existing problem
D) When the goal of research is to learn from history

Question 12

Which of the following is a definition of participatory action research?

A) When the goal of research is to generalize the findings
B) When the goal of research is broad to improve the quality of lives through social change
C) When the goal of research is specific to solve an existing problem
D) When the goal of research is to learn from history

Question 13

Because action research usually takes place in an authentic, real-world environment, which of the following conditions is likely applicable to the research project?

A) Control of extraneous variables
B) Random selection of research participants
C) Experimental in nature
D) Taking place in the clinic where the clinician-researcher works with patients

Question 14

A process, unique to action research, that involves the development of specific recommendations for implementation based on the findings of the research project is called:

A) concept mapping.
B) triangulation.
C) action planning.
D) reflective practice.

Question 15

Ethics in action research is bound by the same ethical principles and regulations as other types of research, yet special challenges exist. Which of the following situations creates special challenges regarding ethical practices in action research?

A) The selection of the research participants is based on convenience.
B) The measurement instrument is developed by the researcher.
C) The question of interest is contextually bound by the local setting.
D) A teacher desires to use his or her own students as research participants.