Deck 58: Heart Failure

Question 1

Heart failure is a clinical diagnosis.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following symptoms are most commonly associated with heart failure?

A) Weakness, fatigue, euvolemia, leg pain
B) Chest pain, nausea, edema, coughing
C) Palpitations, shortness of breath on exertion, weakness, heat intolerance
D) Fatigue, dyspnea, fluid retention, exercise intolerance

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Right heart failure symptoms predominantly consist of dyspnea.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The mainstay of treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF) includes which of the following?

A) Beta blocker
B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)
C) Diuretic
D) All of the above

Question 5

Hypertension is a risk factor that can lead to heart failure.

Question 6

A 56-year-old male presents to the emergency department with dyspnea, fatigue, and poor exercise tolerance that has increased over the past month. He reports that he has been on a diet but has gained 20 pounds over the last month. An echocardiogram is ordered and shows an ejection fraction of 35%. Which laboratory tests do you want to order? (Choose all that apply.)

A) B-type natriuretic peptide
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Complete metabolic panel
D) Urinalysis

Question 7

Caution should be used when starting which of the following medications in a patient with heart failure with elevated filling pressures?

A) Metoprolol
B) Losartan
C) Furosemide
D) Amiloride

Question 8

A68-year-old male with a history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) for 5 years is having continued symptoms despite optimal medication management providing hypertension (HTN) and rhythm control as well as volume management. Which diagnostic tool would be the most appropriate next step?

A) Electrocardiogram
B) Chest x-ray
C) Computerized tomography scan
D) Endomyocardial biopsy

Question 9

A 68-year-old male with a history of HFpEF for 5 years has developed atrial fibrillation. You have initiated amiodarone. What do you need to monitor after initiation of this medication? (Choose all that apply.)

A) Liver function panel
B) Pulmonary fibrosis
C) Renal function
D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 10

Which of the following medications are used to improve perfusion in patients with HFrEF? (choose all that apply)

A) Carvedilol
B) Torsemide
C) Enalapril
D) Diltiazem

Question 11

Cough, orthopnea, dyspnea on exertion, and confusion are signs of right ventricular failure.

Question 12

A 56-year-old male presents to the emergency department with dyspnea, fatigue, and poor exercise tolerance that has increased over the past month. He reports that he has been on a diet but has gained 20 pounds over the last month. An echocardiogram is ordered and shows an ejection fraction of 35%.
You would describe and classify his type of heart failure as:

A) HFrEF
B) HFpEF
C) Left ventricular failure
D) Right ventricular failure

Question 13

Which of the following disease processes may contribute to the worsening of HFpEF? (choose all that apply)

A) Hypertension
B) Obstructive sleep apnea
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Atrial fibrillation
E) Angina