Deck 9: Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of skeletal muscle?

A) The ability of the muscle tissue to forcibly become shorter
B) The ability of the cells to respond to stimuli
C) Maintaining posture
D) Providing peristalsis
E) The ability of the muscle tissue to stretch

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following describes aponeuroses?

A) The tropomyosin-troponin complex
B) Broad sheets of fibers that attach to bones
C) The endoplasmic reticulum
D) The filaments appear as striations.
E) The bands of myofibrils

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The repeating patterns of striation units that appear along each muscle fiber are referred to as:

A) sarcomeres.
B) sarcolemma.
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D) myofilaments.
E) myofibrils.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the area of a sarcomere that contains only thin filaments?

A) H band
B) A band
C) I band
D) M line
E) Z line

Question 5

Which of the following is made up of alpha-actinin, which anchors the thin filaments?

A) M line
B) Z line
C) H band
D) I band
E) A band

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters stimulates skeletal muscle to contract?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Epinephrine
E) Serotonin

Question 7

When myosin cross-bridges bind to the active sites on actin, which of the following occurs?

A) The I band moves closer to the Z line.
B) The sarcomere strengthens.
C) ATP is hydrolyzed.
D) Attached Z discs are pulled toward the M line.
E) Muscle relaxation

Question 8

Which of the following does not occur during muscle contraction?

A) Calcium concentration in the sarcomere increases.
B) Hemoglobin concentration in muscle fibers increases.
C) Myosin heads bind to actin.
D) Acetylcholine is broken down.
E) The H bands disappear.

Question 9

When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, which of the following occurs?

A) The muscle membrane becomes more permeable to sodium ions.
B) The muscle membrane becomes less permeable to sodium ions.
C) The muscle membrane is repolarized.
D) The muscle membrane becomes more permeable to potassium ions.
E) The muscle membrane becomes less permeable to potassium ions.

Question 10

Axon terminals and muscle fibers are separated by a space called a(n):

A) end plate.
B) somatic motor neuron.
C) synaptic vesicle.
D) synaptic cleft.
E) neuromuscular junction.

Question 11

Which of the following terms means "the simple, quick, and spasmodic contraction of small muscle units"?

A) Complete tetanus
B) Incomplete tetanus
C) Incomplete summation
D) Summation
E) Twitch

Question 12

When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly for several seconds with a constant stimulus, the amount of tension gradually increases to a maximum. This describes which of the following terms?

A) Recruitment
B) Wave summation
C) Twitch
D) Complete tetanus
E) Incomplete tetanus

Question 13

Attempting to move a load that is greater than the tension that the muscle can handle requires which of the following?

A) Incomplete contraction
B) Isotonic contraction
C) Isometric contraction
D) Concentric contraction
E) Wave summation

Question 14

Which of the following terms is defined as "high intensities of stimulation that can activate many motor units"?

A) Treppe
B) Wave summation
C) Tetany
D) Complete tetanus
E) Recruitment

Question 15

Kicking a ball or lifting an object is an example of which of the following?

A) Eccentric contraction
B) Concentric contraction
C) Isometric contraction
D) Isotonic contraction
E) Treppe

Question 16

Which of the following is the usual cause of muscular fatigue?

A) Exhalation of carbon dioxide
B) Secretion of acetylcholine
C) Accumulation of lactic acid
D) Excess of myoglobin
E) Striation of skeletal muscle

Question 17

Which of the following tests is not appropriate for diagnosing fibromyalgia?

A) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B) Hypothyroidism testing
C) Blood testosterone level
D) C-reactive protein
E) Creatine kinase

Question 18

Which of the following indicates serious muscle damage?

A) High blood levels of creatine kinase
B) Conversion of ADP to ATP
C) High blood levels of creatine phosphate
D) High blood levels of lactic acid
E) Low blood pH

Question 19

Muscles are basically considered to be collections of which of the following?

A) Dystrophins
B) Titins
C) Elastic filaments
D) Nebulin and G-actin
E) Sarcomeres

Question 20

Titin maintains the organization of which of the following to assist in muscle stretching?

A) Z disc
B) M line
C) A band
D) I band
E) H band

Question 21

Which of the following is not a true statement about skeletal muscle?

A) Skeletal muscle causes flexion and extension.
B) Skeletal muscle is also called voluntary muscle.
C) Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature.
D) Skeletal muscles are responsible for the contraction of the heart.
E) Skeletal muscles are responsible for controlling the openings of the digestive tract.

Question 22

Which of the following correspond to the Z discs?

A) Diffuse junctions
B) Dense bodies
C) Myoblasts
D) Synaptic knob
E) Motor end plate

Question 23

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder; as it progresses, which of the following occurs?

A) Heart and kidney failure
B) Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
C) Destruction of acetylcholine receptors
D) Sensation of itching in the eyes
E) Destruction of taste bud receptors

Question 24

Flesh wasting of muscles is commonly seen in which of the following?

A) Pregnant women
B) Athletic individuals
C) Teenagers
D) Elderly people
E) Caucasians

Question 25

Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to which of the following?

A) H band
B) A band
C) I band
D) M line
E) Z line

Question 26

The synaptic knob contains vesicles filled with which of the following?

A) Epinephrine
B) Troponin
C) Tropomyosin
D) Creatine phosphate
E) Acetylcholine

Question 27

The space between the neuron and the muscle is called a(n):

A) synaptic knob.
B) synaptic cleft.
C) motor end plate.
D) motor unit.
E) M band.

Question 28

Which of the following is similar to hemoglobin?

A) Myosin
B) Myoglobin
C) Heparin
D) Albumin
E) Titin

Question 29

In the sliding filament model, which of the following occurs?

A) Thin filaments move away from the center of the sarcomere.
B) Cross-bridges do not generate tension on thin filaments.
C) Thin filaments slide past thick filaments.
D) Actin and myosin filaments do not overlap.
E) Cross-bridges are portions of titin molecules.

Question 30

When a resting sarcolemma is polarized, which of the following is true?

A) There is no difference in potential across the plasma membrane.
B) There is a potential difference across the plasma membrane.
C) The inside portion is positive.
D) The inside portion is equivalent in polarity to the outer membrane face.
E) The potential difference is not the same as the voltage.

Question 31

Excitation-contraction coupling requires calcium ions and __________.

Question 32

Elasticity is the ability of muscle tissues to __________.

Question 33

The arrangement of __________ produces the striations of a skeletal muscle fiber.

Question 34

The time in which cross-bridges are active is called the period of __________.

Question 35

Myosatellite cells are __________ cells that help repair damaged muscles.

Question 36

The cell membrane (sarcolemma) lies above the __________.

Question 37

The light bands are made up of thin filaments of __________ attached to round sheets known as Z lines.

Question 38

Dystrophin is a(n) __________ that links the thin filaments to the proteins of the sarcolemma.

Question 39

Tropomyosin spirals around the __________ core, providing stiffening and stabilization.

Question 40

Muscle relaxation is caused by the decomposition of __________ by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

Question 41

When the __________ on the cell membrane is reached, an action potential is initiated.

Question 42

A(n) __________ junction is the connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Question 43

A myogram records the combined muscle __________ of the fibers taking part in contraction.

Question 44

Nearly 95% of the ATP demands of a resting cell are provided by __________ metabolism.

Question 45

The two primary types of muscle contractions are termed isotonic and __________.

Question 46

Alterations of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle result in __________.

Question 47

In the digestive tract, pacesetter cells are also called __________ cells.

Question 48

Varicosities of the smooth muscles release __________ into the synaptic cleft.

Question 49

The two major types of smooth muscle include visceral and __________ smooth muscle.

Question 50

Broad sheets of fibers that attach to bones and cover other muscles are known as aponeuroses.

Question 51

Tendon fibers may intertwine with bone fibers in order to attach muscles to bones.

Question 52

The contractile response of a fiber to an impulse is called a twitch.

Question 53

Myoglobin combines with oxygen and temporarily stores it to reduce muscular requirements for continuous blood supply during contraction.

Question 54

Myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin.

Question 55

Myofilaments contain actin or myosin.

Question 56

The force of muscle contraction is related to the multiple nuclei of skeletal muscle.

Question 57

Muscle cells store less creatine phosphate than ATP, resulting in the muscle having enough energy for contraction.

Question 58

When a muscle fiber contracts, the H zone disappears, the A band is diminished in length, and the I bands increase in size.

Question 59

Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of intense exercise of short duration.

Question 60

Myoglobin is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP.

Question 61

The primary function of wave summation is to prevent muscle relaxation.

Question 62

Smooth muscle is characterized by lack of sarcomeres and having more thick filaments than thin filaments.

Question 63

Cardiac muscle contracts at a relatively stable rate that is controlled by the pacemaker of the heart.

Question 64

Fascia surrounds every muscle, and may form cord-like tendons beyond each muscle's end.

Question 65

Myofilaments connect to the sarcolemma and are held in an aligned pattern at the Z discs and M lines.

Question 66

Axon terminals and muscle fibers are separated by a space called the synaptic vesicle.