Deck 19: Vascular System

Question 1

Capillaries that have a complete lining are referred to as:

A) sinusoids.
B) vasa vasorum.
C) sinusoidal capillaries.
D) continuous capillaries.
E) fenestrated capillaries.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following capillaries are described as having an incomplete lining?

A) Fenestrated capillaries
B) Vasa vasorum
C) Sinuses
D) Continuous capillaries
E) Incomplete capillaries

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Blood flow through the cardiovascular system is not affected by which of the following?

A) Pressure differences
B) The length and diameter of the blood vessels
C) The viscosity of the blood
D) The presence of collateral channels
E) The amount of friction in the blood vessels

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following terms are known as multiple arteries?

A) Collaterals
B) Elastic arteries
C) Elastic rebound
D) Sinuses
E) Digital arteries

Question 5

Which of the following cannot move through the capillary walls and remain in the blood?

A) Glucose and dextrose
B) Insulin and glucagon
C) Thyroxin and calcitonin
D) Plasma proteins
E) Waste materials

Question 6

Which of the following types of arteries has a poorly defined tunica externa?

A) Venules
B) Muscular arteries
C) Arterioles
D) Elastic arteries
E) Connective arteries

Question 7

Which of the following are the functions of pericytes?

A) Stabilizing the capillary wall and helping to control capillary permeability
B) Changing diameter of the capillary
C) Activating vasoconstriction of elastic arteries and controlling permeability
D) Increasing blood flow in the arteries
E) Bypassing blood circulation from arteries to veins

Question 8

Atrial natriuretic peptide will:

A) promote an increase in blood pressure.
B) promote a decrease in blood volume.
C) result in a larger output of urine.
D) increase cardiac output.
E) increase blood pressure.

Question 9

Which of the following blood vessels has the highest pressure?

A) Capillary
B) Arteriole
C) Artery
D) Venule
E) Vein

Question 10

Which of the following does not cause varicose veins?

A) Heredity and obesity
B) Prolonged standing in one position
C) Pregnancy
D) Weakening the valves of the veins
E) Hypertension

Question 11

Which of the following is the diameter of a muscular artery?

A) 0.2 mm
B) 0.7 cm
C) 0.16 mm
D) 0.9 cm
E) 0.4 cm

Question 12

In which of the following vessels does diffusion occur between blood and interstitial fluid?

A) Capillaries
B) Arterioles
C) Arteries
D) Venules
E) Veins

Question 13

Arterial pressure is equal to which of the following?

A) Peripheral pressure
B) Pulse pressure
C) Blood pressure
D) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
E) Venous pressure

Question 14

Which of the following factors would not increase peripheral resistance?

A) Vasodilation
B) Viscosity
C) Atherosclerotic plaques
D) Elevated levels of epinephrine
E) Increased sympathetic stimulation

Question 15

Compression of the common carotid artery at the carotid sinus can cause which of the following?

A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Angina pectoris
C) Liver damage
D) Kidney damage
E) Unconsciousness

Question 16

Which of the following percentages of body weight, in a normal adult, is made up by the blood?

A) 3%
B) 8%
C) 13%
D) 16%
E) 19%

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common form of shock?

A) Vascular shock
B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Toxic shock
D) Cardiogenic shock
E) Allergic shock

Question 18

Which of the following arteries is the continuation of the axillary artery?

A) Subclavian
B) Radial
C) Digital
D) Ulnar
E) Brachial

Question 19

Splenomegaly, ascites, and esophageal varices may be caused by which of the following?

A) Portal hypertension
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Acute pancreatitis
D) Occlusion of the deep femoral vein
E) Asthma

Question 20

The femoral artery is an example of which type of artery?

A) Muscular
B) Vascular
C) Elastic
D) Arteriolar
E) Connective

Question 21

The abdominal aorta runs to which of the following levels of the spinal vertebrae?

A) T₁
B) T₁₂
C) L₂
D) L₄
E) S₂

Question 22

Which of the following organs is not supplied by the thoracic aorta?

A) Myocardium
B) Esophagus
C) Mediastinum
D) Bronchi
E) Pericardium

Question 23

Which of the following arteries is the second branch of the aortic arch?

A) Right common carotid artery
B) Left common carotid artery
C) Brachiocephalic trunk
D) Internal carotid artery
E) Left subclavian artery

Question 24

Which of the following arteries supplies the diaphragm?

A) Pericardial artery
B) Celiac trunk
C) Superior phrenic artery
D) Splenic artery
E) Gastric artery

Question 25

The coronary sinus returns deoxygenated blood from the walls of the heart to which of the following?

A) Superior vena cava
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle
E) Right atrium

Question 26

The inferior sagittal sinus drains into which of the following?

A) Dural venous sinus
B) Straight sinus
C) Ophthalmic vein
D) Cavernous sinus
E) Internal jugular vein

Question 27

Which of the following are deep veins of the lower leg?

A) Small saphenous and posterior tibial
B) Small saphenous and popliteal
C) Internal iliac
D) Anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal
E) Peroneal and popliteal

Question 28

Which of the following veins is used for a replacement blood vessel?

A) Great saphenous vein
B) Posterior tibial vein
C) Fibular vein
D) Plantar vein
E) Internal iliac vein

Question 29

Which of the following veins drains the calf muscle and empties into the popliteal vein?

A) External iliac vein
B) Femoral vein
C) Dorsalis pedis vein
D) Small saphenous vein
E) Great saphenous vein

Question 30

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by which of the following veins?

A) Iliac
B) Femoral
C) Great saphenous
D) Posterior tibial
E) Peroneal

Question 31

Autoregulation is the regulation of blood __________ at the tissue level.

Question 32

__________ are a group of arteries that service a single capillary network.

Question 33

The resistance of the entire cardiovascular system is referred to as __________ peripheral resistance.

Question 34

Turbulence is defined as changes that increase __________ and slow blood flow.

Question 35

The carotid and aortic bodies close to the baroreceptors of the carotid sinuses and aortic arch are the most important __________.

Question 36

Angiotensin II is generated within the kidneys by the enzymatic actions of __________.

Question 37

The adrenal medulla hormones are released during times of __________.

Question 38

The right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, whereas the left common carotid artery arises from the __________.

Question 39

The pulse pressure equals the systolic pressure minus the __________ pressure.

Question 40

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of the __________.

Question 41

The adrenal glands receive a blood supply from the __________ arteries.

Question 42

The branches of the common iliac artery that supply blood to the pelvic structures are the __________ arteries.

Question 43

The blood vessel that supplies blood directly to the liver is the __________ artery proper.

Question 44

The __________ vein collects blood from the capillaries in the sole of the foot.

Question 45

The vessel that carries blood from the left thoracic body wall to the superior vena cava is the __________ vein.

Question 46

The tunica intima is made up of a simple squamous epithelium known as the endothelium.

Question 47

Vasomotor fibers reduce blood vessel diameter.

Question 48

The smallest arterioles are basically a single layer of smooth muscle cells circled around an endothelial lining.

Question 49

The corneas of the eyes contain continuous capillaries.

Question 50

Sinusoidal capillaries are more irregular in shape, with a flattened appearance.

Question 51

Angiogenesis occurs in an embryo as the tissues develop, and is most clinically important in the liver.

Question 52

More venous valves exist in the head, neck, and upper chest.

Question 53

Peripheral resistance controls blood pressure and changes in the diameters of arterioles regulate peripheral resistance.

Question 54

Hypertension greatly increases the workload of the heart, resulting in gradual enlargement of the left ventricle.

Question 55

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinuses detect increases in respiratory rate.

Question 56

The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are known as elastic arteries.

Question 57

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the left atrium.

Question 58

Blood flow is equivalent to cardiac output everywhere in the body.

Question 59

Venous valves are responsible for pushing blood toward the heart and preventing backflow.

Question 60

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the inferior vena cava.

Question 61

Decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel would have a great effect on peripheral resistance.

Question 62

Blood flow is faster along the walls of a blood vessel.

Question 63

The pressure that declines from 35 mm Hg to 17 mm Hg is the arterial blood pressure.

Question 64

The lower part of the large intestine, including the rectum, receives blood from the inferior mesenteric artery.

Question 65

The vessel that collects blood from the overlying structures of the head and neck is the external jugular vein.