Deck 14: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following statements about postganglionic neurons in the adrenal gland is true?

A) They do not release neurotransmitters when stimulated.
B) They have no endocrine function.
C) They release acetylcholine into blood capillaries.
D) They do not have nicotinic receptors.
E) They release epinephrine into the blood circulation.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The "fight-or-flight" response is a function of which of the following?

A) Cerebrum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Sympathetic nervous system
E) Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The parasympathetic nervous system dominates which of the following conditions?

A) Stress
B) Exertion
C) Rest
D) Excitement
E) Trauma

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system does which of the following as stress subsides?

A) Prepares the body for activity
B) Increases heart and breathing rates
C) Dilates the airways
D) Decreases heart and breathing rates
E) Increases autonomic tone of the peripheral blood vessels

Question 5

Which of the following is true about postganglionic axons of autonomic neurons?

A) They are unmyelinated.
B) They are myelinated.
C) They are located in the spinal cord.
D) They are located in the brain.
E) They are larger than preganglionic fibers.

Question 6

Which of the following are the major ANS neurotransmitters?

A) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
B) Norepinephrine and acetylcholine
C) Acetylcholine and serotonin
D) Norepinephrine and dopamine
E) Serotonin and adrenaline

Question 7

Which of the following enzymes inactivates norepinephrine?

A) Enterokinase
B) Acetylcholinesterase
C) Nuclease
D) Monoamine oxidase
E) Proteinase

Question 8

Collateral ganglia only occur in which of the following parts of the body?

A) Brain
B) Neck
C) Mediastinum
D) Chest
E) Abdomen

Question 9

Which organs are innervated by the celiac ganglion?

A) Liver, stomach, and pancreas
B) Urinary bladder, colon, and rectum
C) Stomach, spleen, and small intestine
D) Liver, cecum, and spleen
E) Pancreas, gallbladder, and liver

Question 10

Which of the following describes the enteric nervous system?

A) It is influenced only by the sympathetic division.
B) It is a nerve network in the cardiovascular system.
C) It is a network of neurons in the digestive tract.
D) It is influenced only by the parasympathetic division.
E) It is influenced by the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic division?

A) Dilation of eye pupils
B) Increased salivation
C) Increased heart rate
D) Increased respiration
E) Increased alertness

Question 12

Sympathetic fibers consist of how many ganglia?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 11
D) 15
E) 23

Question 13

The glossopharyngeal nerves innervate which of the following?

A) Parotid salivary glands
B) Thyroid gland
C) Thymus gland
D) Tear glands
E) Nasal mucosae

Question 14

Which of the following preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are not found in the cranial nerves?

A) III
B) IV
C) VII
D) IX
E) X

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about the effect of adrenergic receptors on various organs?

A) They dilate the pupils of the eyes.
B) They decrease concentrations of blood glucose.
C) They increase secretion of the salivary glands.
D) They increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles.
E) They decrease intestinal gland secretions.

Question 16

When epinephrine binds to the beta 2 receptors of bronchiole smooth muscle, which of the following will occur?

A) Dilation of bronchioles
B) Asthma attack
C) Decreased heart activity
D) Constriction of bronchioles
E) Speeding up of peristalsis

Question 17

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that reach the heart and lungs pass through which of the following?

A) Otic ganglia
B) Sphenopalatine ganglia
C) Hypogastric plexus
D) Cardiac plexus
E) Celiac plexus

Question 18

Which of the following beta receptors can be used for asthma?

A) Beta 4
B) Beta 2
C) Beta 3
D) Beta 1
E) Either beta 1 or beta 2

Question 19

Drugs that target muscarinic receptors are classified as:

A) sympathetic blocking drugs.
B) autonomic blocking drugs.
C) sympathomimetics.
D) parasympathomimetics.
E) parasympathetic blocking drugs.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

A) Nicotine
B) Pilocarpine
C) Bethanechol
D) Albuterol
E) Neostigmine

Question 21

Which of the following receptors increases norepinephrine release?

A) Muscarinic
B) Adrenergic
C) Nicotinic
D) Parasympathomimetic
E) Acetylcholinesterase

Question 22

Which of the following nervous system divisions is the primary controller of blood pressure?

A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
C) Somatic
D) Craniosacral
E) Resting

Question 23

Which of the following is not a symptom of autonomic neuropathy?

A) Dizziness after standing up quickly
B) Slowed reactions of the pupils
C) Decreased blood pressure
D) Urinary incontinence
E) Abnormal sweating

Question 24

Sarin is an example of which of the following drug classes?

A) Nicotinic drugs
B) Parasympathomimetic drugs
C) Sympathomimetic drugs
D) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
E) Sympatholytic drugs

Question 25

Which of the following is the major location of beta 3 receptors?

A) Sweat glands
B) Adipose tissue
C) Adrenal medullary cells
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Pancreas

Question 26

Which of the following adrenergic receptors inhibits insulin secretion?

A) Beta 3
B) Alpha 1
C) Beta 2
D) Alpha 2
E) Beta 3

Question 27

Which of the following regulates the medulla oblongata's centers?

A) Spinal cord
B) Cerebellum
C) Putamen
D) Hypothalamus
E) Pituitary gland

Question 28

Imbalances of the ANS cannot cause which of the following?

A) Dysreflexia
B) Hydrocephalus
C) Raynaud's disease
D) Hypertension
E) Heart disease

Question 29

Which of the following is true about stimulation of the sympathetic division?

A) Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
B) Increased blood glucose and decreased heart rate
C) Decreased GI peristalsis and increased blood pressure
D) Increased heart rate and increased GI peristalsis
E) Increased blood glucose and decreased GI peristalsis

Question 30

Which of the following is not true about sympathetic fibers?

A) They originate from the thoracolumbar area.
B) They have long preganglionic fibers.
C) They innervate more organs than the parasympathetic division.
D) They have long postganglionic fibers.
E) They innervate the smooth muscle walls of the arteries.

Question 31

Autonomic nervous system neurons are __________ neurons, but differ in that they contain two neurons.

Question 32

The axon of the ANS second neurons is called a(n) __________ axon.

Question 33

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia, and contain the cell __________ of motor neurons.

Question 34

Autonomic postganglionic sympathetic fibers release __________.

Question 35

In the parasympathetic division, preganglionic fibers arise from the brain stem and the __________ area of the spinal cord.

Question 36

The major ANS neurotransmitters are __________ and norepinephrine.

Question 37

The preganglionic fibers leave the spinal cord via the __________ root.

Question 38

The __________ division keeps energy use by the body to its lowest possible amounts.

Question 39

Cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic fibers lie in the ciliary __________ inside the eye orbits.

Question 40

The __________ division prepares the body for activity, which is referred to as "fight-or-flight."

Question 41

All pre- and postganglionic fibers release __________.

Question 42

ACh binding to nicotinic receptors always causes __________, directly opening ion channels and depolarizing postsynaptic cells.

Question 43

Norepinephrine binds to beta 1 receptors of the heart, and the activity of the heart __________.

Question 44

Atropine is administered before __________ to dry respiratory secretions and prevent salivation.

Question 45

Neostigmine is a(n) __________ agent that inhibits acetylcholinesterase.

Question 46

Synapses that use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter are referred to as __________.

Question 47

Drugs that mimic the activity of one of the normal autonomic neurotransmitters are called __________.

Question 48

Nerves that innervate organs in the ventral body cavities are the __________ nerves.

Question 49

In the autonomic nervous system, there is always a synapse between the CNS and the effector organ.

Question 50

The dorsal root ganglia are only part of the motor division of the PNS.

Question 51

Preganglionic sympathetic and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers release norepinephrine.

Question 52

Monoamine oxidase is the enzyme that inactivates norepinephrine.

Question 53

There are lateral horns in the sacral spinal cord regions, as compared to the sympathetic neurons in the thoracolumbar regions.

Question 54

There are 3 cervical, 11 thoracic, and 4 lumbar sympathetic trunks.

Question 55

The enteric nervous system is primarily related to the somatic reflexes.

Question 56

The sympathetic division may be referred to as the "E division."

Question 57

During digestion, blood pressure and heart rate are higher while the gastrointestinal system is active.

Question 58

Preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglia.

Question 59

The sacral portion of the parasympathetic division serves the uterus and the distal half of the large intestine.

Question 60

The terminal ganglia of the parasympathetic division are in the vertebral column.

Question 61

The effects of ACh and NE upon their effectors are not always excitatory or inhibitory.

Question 62

Muscarine is derived from parasympathetic terminal axons.

Question 63

Subdivisions of the adrenergic receptors include alpha 1, 2, 3 and beta 1 and 3.

Question 64

Neostigmine is used to treat myasthenia gravis, which impairs the activity of skeletal muscle.

Question 65

Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors to constrict nasal mucosa blood vessels.

Question 66

The vascular system is almost entirely innervated by parasympathetic fibers.

Question 67

The ANS is mostly controlled by only the brain.

Question 68

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia include flushing of the face, headache, and sweating.