Deck 18: The Heart

Question 1

Which of the following is a function of the pericardium?

A) Removing excess fluid from the heart chambers
B) Controlling the heart rate
C) Anchoring the heart to surrounding structures
D) Preventing expansion of the heart
E) Pumping blood into the circulation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The left ventricle receives blood from the:

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) pulmonary trunk.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The pulmonary semilunar valve guards the entrance to the:

A) right ventricle.
B) left ventricle.
C) pulmonary trunk.
D) pulmonary veins.
E) aorta.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following chambers of the heart receives blood from the superior vena cava?

A) Left and right atria
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle
E) Right atrium

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about an auricle?

A) It is also called a coronary sinus.
B) It is the superior portion of the apex of the heart.
C) It is an expandable atrial appendage.
D) It is the medial cavity of the thorax.
E) It is the base of the diaphragm.

Question 6

An enlarged R wave on an ECG indicates:

A) an enlarged atria.
B) enlarged ventricles.
C) pericarditis.
D) cardiac ischemia.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 7

If the stroke volume is 70 mL and the heart rate is 75 beats per minute, which of the following indicates the correct cardiac output per minute?

A) 1,225 mL
B) 2,550 mL
C) 3,755 mL
D) 4,225 mL
E) 5,250 mL

Question 8

Which of the following agents does not increase contractility of the heart?

A) Epinephrine
B) Thyroxine
C) Digitalis
D) Calcium channel blocker
E) Glucagon

Question 9

The pacemaker of the heart is located in which of the following?

A) Right atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle
E) Arch of the aorta

Question 10

The small, crescent-shaped mass of specialized tissue in the upper part of the right atrium is called:

A) the S-A node.
B) Purkinje fibers.
C) the atrioventricular node.
D) the right and left bundle branch(es).
E) the bundle of His.

Question 11

In normal conditions, preload controls which of the following?

A) Atrial reflex
B) Stroke volume
C) Bradycardia
D) Cardiac reserve volume
E) None of these is correct.

Question 12

The coronary sinus empties nonoxygenated blood into which of the following?

A) Pulmonary trunk
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium
E) Left ventricle

Question 13

Damage to which of the following is called heart block?

A) S-A node
B) A-V bundle
C) A-V node
D) A-V valves
E) Pacemaker

Question 14

Which of the following is also referred to as the subendocardial conducting network?

A) A-V node
B) Right and left bundle branches
C) S-A node and pacemaker
D) Cardiac conduction system
E) Purkinje fibers

Question 15

Which of the following portions of the heart is supplied by the circumflex artery?

A) Anterior walls of the right atrium
B) Posterior walls of the left atrium and left ventricle
C) Posterior walls of the right ventricle and left ventricle
D) Anterior walls of the right atrium and left atrium
E) Posterior walls of the atria

Question 16

Blood remaining in the ventricle when its semilunar valve closes is called:

A) stroke volume.
B) ventricular ejection.
C) heart failure.
D) end-systolic volume.
E) isovolumetric contraction.

Question 17

How many electrodes of an ECG are unipolar?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 7
E) 9

Question 18

Which of the following is true about hyperkalemia?

A) Decreases contraction rates and forces
B) Increases contraction rates and forces
C) Increases retention of sodium ions from the kidneys
D) Increases calcium concentration in the blood
E) Decreases blood glucose

Question 19

Which of the following causes normal heart sounds?

A) When the ventricles contract
B) When the heart valves are closing
C) When the S-A node is excited
D) When the heart valves are opening
E) When the blood pressure in the aorta is decreased

Question 20

Which of the following valves causes the heart sound heard in the right sternal margin of the fifth intercostal space?

A) Pulmonary valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Bicuspid valve
E) Aortic valve

Question 21

Which of the following describes the cardiac output?

A) The volume discharged from the atria per minute
B) The volume discharged from the ventricle per minute
C) The maximum volume entering the atria per minute
D) The maximum volume of blood ejected by each ventricle during contraction
E) The volume of blood entering the lungs for exchange of gases

Question 22

The heart beats approximately how many times each day?

A) 4,000
B) 10,000
C) 50,000
D) 100,000
E) 500,000

Question 23

Which of the following is the reason that atrial repolarization is missing from the pattern on an ECG?

A) The atrial fibers repolarize at the same time as the ventricular fibers are depolarizing.
B) The atrial fibers depolarize at the same time as the ventricular fibers are repolarizing.
C) The atrial fibers are smaller than the ventricular fibers.
D) The atrial fibers are not able to contract as much as the ventricular fibers.
E) The atrial fibers depolarize after the ventricular fibers are depolarizing.

Question 24

Which of the following is not an example of a congenital heart defect?

A) Patent ductus arteriosus
B) Tetralogy of Fallot
C) Mitral calcification
D) Septal defect
E) Coarctation of the aorta

Question 25

During ventricular systole, which of the following receives blood?

A) Pulmonary vein only
B) Pulmonary arteries only
C) Inferior vena cava
D) Both the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
E) Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 26

Which of the following valves causes the heart sound heard in the second intercostal space at the right sternal margin?

A) Mitral valve
B) Aortic valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Bicuspid valve
E) Tricuspid valve

Question 27

Sympathetic blocking drugs such as beta-blockers will do which of the following?

A) Increase cardiac output
B) Decrease the end-systolic volume
C) Decrease heart rate
D) Increase heart rate
E) Increase stroke volume

Question 28

How many liters of blood can be pumped by the heart each day?

A) 4,000
B) 8,000
C) 12,000
D) 16,000
E) 20,000

Question 29

Which of the following is the function of the chordae tendineae?

A) Opening the semilunar valves
B) Contracting the papillary muscles
C) Preventing the A-V valve flaps from everting
D) Contracting the atria while the ventricles are relaxed
E) Closing the atrioventricular valves

Question 30

Which of the following is the average adult cardiac output when the heart rate is 85 beats/minute and stroke volume is 80 mL/beat?

A) 5.15 L/min
B) 5.25 L/min
C) 5.27 L/min
D) 6.2 L/min
E) 6.8 L/min

Question 31

The innermost layer of the heart is the __________.

Question 32

The entrance to the ascending aorta is guarded by the __________ valve.

Question 33

Calcium channel blockers can __________ the force of cardiac contraction.

Question 34

The __________ is a serous membrane that surrounds the heart.

Question 35

The __________ is richly supplied by blood and lymph capillaries as well as nerve fibers.

Question 36

The systemic circuit carries blood to and from the __________.

Question 37

An electrocardiogram provides direct information about __________ activity.

Question 38

The venae cavae receive blood during __________ atrium diastole.

Question 39

Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood pumped out by one __________ with each beat.

Question 40

The right and left __________ arteries branch from the aorta and supply the heart itself.

Question 41

The __________ system of the heart consists of the S-A and A-V nodes, the A-V bundle, and the bundle branches.

Question 42

Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is __________ and contracts by the sliding filament mechanism.

Question 43

The large QRS complex results from ventricular __________ and precedes ventricular contraction.

Question 44

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in __________.

Question 45

The relationship between __________ and stroke volume is called the Frank-Starling law of the heart.

Question 46

Norepinephrine enhances heart rate and __________.

Question 47

The base of the heart occupies the superior border.

Question 48

The right atrioventricular valve is called the mitral valve.

Question 49

The superior vena cava empties blood to the left atrium.

Question 50

The epicardium is the same as the visceral pericardium, and it covers the outer surface of the heart.

Question 51

The structures responsible for distributing the contractile stimulus to the general myocardium are conducting fibers.

Question 52

The end-diastolic volume is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted.

Question 53

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the venous return.

Question 54

The relationship of more blood entering the heart that will result in more blood being pumped out of the heart is called the Frank-Starling law of the heart.

Question 55

The right atrium is to oxygenated blood as the left atrium is to deoxygenated blood.

Question 56

On an ECG, the T wave interval represents ventricular depolarization.

Question 57

Atherosclerosis and hypertension are risk factors for myocardial infarction.

Question 58

The tricuspid valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Question 59

The right atrium receives high-oxygen blood through the pulmonary veins.

Question 60

An inflammation of the heart is termed carditis.

Question 61

Murmurs are normal heart sounds.

Question 62

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle with each contraction in adults is called cardiac output.

Question 63

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called cardiac tamponade.