Deck 31: Molecular Diagnostics in Hematopathology

Question 1

Why is a "no-DNA" control used when performing molecular tests using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A)to ensure that the targeted DNA is amplified
B)to ensure that nontargeted DNA is negative
C)to ensure that the targeted DNA containing the mutation is positive
D)to ensure that no DNA cross-contamination of the samples, controls, or reagents occurs

Answer 1

to ensure that no DNA cross-contamination of the samples, controls, or reagents occurs

Question 2

Why is the helical configuration of DNA important?

A)permits purines and pyrimidines to bond
B)permits transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase
C)stabilizes the molecular structure
D)prevents occurrence of protein structural abnormalities (e.g., point mutations, translocations)

Answer 2

stabilizes the molecular structure

Question 3

Which of the following is the gold standard method for the detection of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms?

A)Sanger DNA sequencing
B)next-generation sequencing (NGS)
C)pyrosequencing
D)real-time PCR

Answer 3

Sanger DNA sequencing

Question 4

Before molecular methods are performed,the DNA must be

A)primed.
B)flanked.
C)elongated.
D)amplified.

Question 5

What is the preferred specimen for molecular techniques for diagnosis of inherited mutations?

A)RNA extracted from peripheral mature red cells
B)RNA extracted from fresh serum
C)DNA extracted from peripheral blood white cells
D)DNA extracted from peripheral blood mature red cells

Question 6

How does ribonucleic acid (RNA)differ from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A)RNA does not contain nucleotides.
B)RNA has uracil-replacing thymine.
C)DNA is found primarily in the cytoplasm, and RNA is in the nucleus.
D)DNA has a messenger, whereas RNA does not.

Question 7

What is the cell type and tissue of choice for molecular techniques used to detect acquired DNA mutations leading to malignancy?

A)peripheral blood mature lymphocytes
B)bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells
C)the malignant tissue
D)peripheral blood mature neutrophils

Question 8

DNA has been isolated from appropriate cells and placed in an aqueous buffer.If molecular testing cannot be immediately performed,what should be done?

A)Reprecipitate the DNA using isopropanol alcohol and then store at 4° C.
B)Reprecipitate the DNA using isopropanol alcohol and then store at -80° C.
C)Store prepared DNA at 4° C.
D)Store prepared DNA at -80° C.

Question 9

Gel electrophoresis,restriction endonucleases,and hybridization techniques are methods to

A)detect DNA amplification.
B)detect DNA extraction.
C)measure concentration of DNA.
D)identify BCR gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Question 10

Where is messenger RNA formed?

A)mitochondria
B)Golgi organelle
C)ribosomes
D)nucleus

Question 11

Molecular testing is useful for all of the following except

A)evaluating clinical severity of anemia.
B)finding chromosomal translocations in malignancies.
C)detecting inherited disorders.
D)identifying blood pathogens.

Question 12

Areas of hematopathologic molecular testing include all of the following except

A)detection of mutation.
B)gene rearrangement.
C)chromosomal abnormalities.
D)gene splicing.