Deck 11: Social Participation, Social Connectedness, and Leisure Among Older Persons

Question 1

According to Cutler and colleagues, which of the following encompasses volunteering on behalf of formal organizations, including schools, churches, hospitals, and non-profit organiza?tions; political participation; as well as informal acts such as helping friends, neighbours, and relatives?

A) Civic engagement
B) Social participation
C) Social organization
D) Civic entanglement

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a possible outcome of social participation?

A) A perceived higher quality of life
B) Positive aging
C) A decline in well-being
D) A sense of belonging to a community

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which term did the World Health Organization adopt as an ideal lifestyle objective for middle-aged and older adults, which involves optimizing opportunities for health, social participation, and security in order to enhance the quality of life as people age?

A) Social aging
B) Active aging
C) Healthy living
D) Optimal living

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Hendricks and Hatch's personal resource model, meso-level factors that influence activity in the older years include which of the following?

A) Genetic heritage
B) Social class
C) Social policies
D) Political economy

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding most elderly adults is true?

A) Most elderly adults engage in varying degrees of interaction with their social networks.
B) Adults with lower social status tend to have larger, more widespread networks.
C) Elderly men tend to be involved in kinship networks.
D) Most elderly adults have little to no contact with their social networks.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of most older adults?

A) They are isolated.
B) They are interacting socially.
C) They are disengaged.
D) They are alienated.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding the social networks of Canadian seniors is false?

A) The network is generally comprised of about 15 per cent immediate family.
B) The network is generally comprised of about 45 per cent immediate family.
C) The size and composition of these networks vary by ethnicity, gender, etc.
D) The membership and composition of a network represents those who are potentially available for interaction or support.

Question 8

Which of the following groups has the smallest and least intimate networks and, in later life, fewer sources of informal support?

A) Married women
B) Unmarried women
C) Married men
D) Unmarried men

Question 9

Which of the following statements about older adults is false?

A) Most older adults are not abandoned.
B) With age, older people tend to distance themselves from family and confidants.
C) For older adults, the "convoy of support" does not guarantee that interaction will occur.
D) Unmarried older men have fewer sources of social support than married older men.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about social interaction for older adults is true?

A) A majority of older people report living in social isolation.
B) Loneliness is a common experience among older adults.
C) Interaction with others in later life is highly correlated with reported well-being and happiness.
D) Few people over 65 remain engaged in productive activities into later life

Question 11

Which of the following groups of people is more likely to report feelings of loneliness?

A) Women
B) Men
C) Those engaged with other family members
D) Those in good physical or mental health

Question 12

Which of the following constraints does not reduce social involvement or leisure pursuits?

A) Declining health and energy
B) Loss of interest in specific activities
C) Being married
D) A decline in financial resources

Question 13

Which of the following is not a societal constraint imposed on older adults regarding participation in social activities?

A) When information about leisure opportunities is widely disseminated
B) When local or regional norms and cultural values discourage the involvement of older adults in specific activities
C) When there are no programs or facilities, such as senior citizen centres, especially in rural and inner-city areas
D) When public transportation is inaccessible or unavailable

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A) With age, people read more books and newspapers.
B) Religious beliefs are negatively associated with age.
C) Civic participation does not count as active and productive aging.
D) The average number of hours among senior volunteers is more than double that of volunteers aged 25-34.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding issues of concern to older volunteers is false?

A) Clients are becoming more difficult to serve.
B) Clients are becoming more demanding.
C) Volunteers are increasingly concerned about their safety.
D) Clients are becoming more independent.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a reason that people volunteer their time?

A) To meet people, expand their network, and avoid social isolation and loneliness
B) To demonstrate dependence
C) To assist other generations
D) To share their knowledge, experience, wisdom, and skills

Question 17

Which of the following is true about voting behaviour among older people?

A) Voting behaviour is strongly related to old-age policy issues.
B) Voting behaviour is strongly related to age-based interests.
C) Older people could swing an election if they voted in concert.
D) Older people vote as a block.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about religious participation is false?

A) Attendance at religious services often remains stable across the life course.
B) Roughly half of Canadians aged 65 or older attend a religious service at least once a month.
C) Quebec is the most religious province.
D) Religion and spirituality are positively related to health, well-being, and social support in later life.

Question 19

What is the relationship between literacy and old age?

A) Those with lower literacy levels are exposed to more information and understand it better.
B) Those with lower literacy levels experience lower mortality rates and better cognitive functioning in old age.
C) Those with higher literacy levels experience better health in old age.
D) Those with higher literacy levels watch more television in old age.

Question 20

Linda and her partner Gwen retired within five years of one another and have now decided to embrace travel and tourism. They want to spend at least three or four months of the year away from their home in Edmonton but think they will be bored if they remain in one place during their time away. In planning their trip to Australia, they make sure they will be constantly on the move, covering many kilometres, including travel to remote areas of the outback, regardless of the risks involved. What term best describes Linda and Gwen?

A) Snowbirds
B) Grey nomads
C) Recreational experts
D) Leisure travellers

Question 21

Which of the following is true about gambling behaviour among older adults?

A) They are likely to become addicted to gambling.
B) They are likely to quit gambling.
C) They are likely to require counselling or treatment.
D) They are likely to experience moderate to severe health or financial problems.

Question 22

Most criminal offences committed by older men involve which of the following?

A) Sexual assault
B) Shoplifting
C) Drunkenness
D) Fraud

Question 23

Most criminal offences committed by older women involve which of the following?

A) Vandalism
B) Impaired driving
C) Shoplifting
D) Fraud

Question 24

Which of the following is defined by the participants, at a specific stage or point in time, to meet their social, cognitive, and emotional needs; to help define themselves; and, perhaps, to pro?vide intrinsic rewards?

A) Civic engagement
B) Volunteerism
C) Work-life balance
D) Leisure

Question 25

Which of the following statements about leisure is false?

A) Leisure is defined by participants, at a specific stage or point in time, to meet their social, cognitive, and emotional needs.
B) Leisure is a human universal, meaning it is a concept found in all known societies and cultures.
C) Leisure provides intrinsic rewards to participants.
D) Leisure has the potential to provide an individual with a sense of worth, identity, prestige, and status.

Question 26

Approximately 15 per cent of people over the age of 65 have a gambling-related problem.

Question 27

Most retired adults want to be active, but many struggle with the meaning and form of activity.

Question 28

The size, density, and heterogeneity of our social networks can be represented by a curvilinear line across the lifespan.

Question 29

Social isolation represents a subjective evaluation of the situation people face when they perceive their network of relationships is small.

Question 30

Socially isolated persons are lonely, and lonely persons are socially isolated.

Question 31

The National Seniors Council Report identifies promising interventions to tackle social isolation and reconnect seniors to their communities.

Question 32

A convoy of support does not guarantee social interaction.

Question 33

Unmarried older men have fewer sources of social support than married older men.

Question 34

More older women than older men report being involved in volunteering.

Question 35

Higher literacy indirectly results in higher mortality rates and better cognitive functioning in later life.

Question 36

A person's social network is partly influenced by his or her health.

Question 37

There is a cause-effect relationship between social isolation and loneliness.

Question 38

Loneliness is more likely to be reported by women.

Question 39

Very few older people live in isolation or report being lonely.

Question 40

Older people as a group are more conservative than other cohorts, which implies that they become more conservative with age.

Question 41

Membership in voluntary associations tends to be curvilinear across the life course.

Question 42

Older people generally have low voting participation rates.

Question 43

There is a curvilinear relationship between age and civic activity.

Question 44

Religious beliefs are negatively associated with age.

Question 45

Education is completed by late adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 46

Snowbirds in Australia are constantly on the move, covering many kilometres, including travel to remote areas of the outback, regardless of the risks involved in being alone as they pursue this lifestyle.

Question 47

Retirees represent big business for the travel industry and casinos.

Question 48

Leisure activities early in life often influence leisure involvement later in life.

Question 49

The stereotypical images of leisure pursuits in later life as sedentary and passive are largely true.

Question 50

The relationship between age and criminal behaviour is an over-studied sub-field in criminology.

Question 51

How have older adults had to adapt to social changes in recent decades?

Question 52

What is "active aging"?

Question 53

How do social status and other demographics influence social networks as we age?

Question 54

Are loneliness and social isolation in later life myth or fact?

Question 55

What are five constraints to social participation at the individual level?

Question 56

How do various forms of social participation contribute to life satisfaction in later years?

Question 57

What are four key findings from the National Seniors Council Report?

Question 58

What are five constraints to social participation at the structural level?

Question 59

What are the patterns of volunteerism among older adults?

Question 60

Why do people volunteer?

Question 61

What are the potential social benefits of volunteering?

Question 62

How have researchers attempted to quantify (by hours or dollars) the volunteering contribution of older people to Canadian society?

Question 63

In what ways do older people commonly participate in politics?

Question 64

What characterizes the activities and possible motivations of older adults who become political activists in later life, either individually or collectively?

Question 65

What can organized religion provide to older adults?

Question 66

What is lifelong learning and why it is important to older adults?

Question 67

How do aging adults use media to receive educational programs?

Question 68

What does gambling provide to older adults?

Question 69

What characterizes gambling behaviour among older people? Is gambling addiction a problem among the older population?

Question 70

What do we know about older criminals?

Question 71

What are the benefits of leisure for older adults?

Question 72

How do longer lives and changing lifestyles influence leisure pursuits among older adults?

Question 73

Why has it been difficult to agree on a definition of leisure?

Question 74

How might leisure patterns change over time? What accounts for the patterns?

Question 75

What stereotypes are common regarding seniors and leisure pursuits? How are today's seniors challenging these stereotypes?