Deck 7: Epidemiology of Heart Failure

Question 1

According to recent data, heart failure afflicts 38 million people worldwide and 6.5 million in the United States.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In "Systolic Heart Failure," the myocardium (heart muscle) of the ventricular walls is weakened, the ventricles are dilated, and their contracting power is impaired.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In "Diastolic Heart Failure," the ventricular walls are thickened and stiff with less blood volume than normal, and though the ventricle pumps out 50% or more of the blood volume, the amount ejected with each contraction is less than normal.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The lifetime risk for heart failure is approximately 20%.

Question 5

Age specific incidence rates of heart failure are higher in women than men.

Question 6

The annual incidence of heart failure is increasing, and the annual prevalence is decreasing.

Question 7

The rate of hospitalizations for heart failure has increased fourfold in the United States since 1970.

Question 8

In developed nations, 20-40% of HF patients die with one year of diagnosis, and over 50% die within 5 years of diagnosis.

Question 9

Heart failure in underdeveloped nations is primarily due to predisposing infectious diseases.

Question 10

Heart failure in developed nations is primarily due to predisposing chronic diseases.

Question 11

Systolic heart failure is characterized by which of the following?

A) Weak dilated left ventricle
B) Fibrotic thickened left ventricle
C) Low ejection fraction
D) Normal ejection fraction
E) a and c are correct.
F) b and d are correct.

Question 12

Diastolic heart failure is characterized by which of the following?

A) Weak dilated left ventricle
B) Fibrotic thickened left ventricle
C) Low ejection fraction
D) Normal ejection fraction
E) a and c are correct.
F) b and d are correct.

Question 13

In the United States, what percentage of incident cases of heart failure die within one year of diagnosis?

A) 5-10%
B) 10-20%
C) 20-40%
D) 40-50%

Question 14

What is the primary cause of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa?

A) Hypertension
B) Heart attack
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Infection

Question 15

Cor Pulmonale refers to what form of heart failure?

A) Left ventricular failure
B) Right ventricular failure
C) Heart valve infection
D) Old myocardial infarction

Question 16

What is the most common infectious disease that causes heart failure in underdeveloped nations?

A) Chagas disease
B) Rheumatic heart disease
C) Tuberculosis
D) Malaria

Question 17

Beri-Beri refers to what specific dietary deficiency?

A) Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
B) Niacin (Vitamin B₆)
C) Riboflavin (Vitamin B₁₂)
D) Iron

Question 18

In the United States, what is the approximate 5-year survival of heart failure?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 19

Discuss guidelines for the prevention of congestive heart failure.

Question 20

Discuss systolic heart failure.

Question 21

Discuss diastolic heart failure.

Question 22

Discuss "Cor Pulmonale."

Question 23

Discuss the causes of heart failure in underdeveloped nations.

Question 24

Discuss causes of heart failure in developed nations.

Question 25

Discuss the role of anemia in the development of heart failure.