Deck 6: Epidemiology of Stroke Cerebral Infarction

Question 1

Strokes are classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic, which constitute about 85% and 15% of cases respectively.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Each year, approximately 17 million people suffer strokes in the world population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The global case fatality rate of stroke is more than 33%.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

National per capita income is a significant predictor of stroke mortality and DALY loss even after adjustment for cerebrovascular disease risk factors.

Question 5

In the USA, Caucasian Americans have the highest rate of stroke of any ethnic group.

Question 6

In the INTERSTROKE Study, the strongest risk factor for stroke was hypertension.

Question 7

In the INTERSTROKE Study, ten risk factors accounted for 90% of strokes in the population.

Question 8

In the INTERSALT Study, restriction of dietary salt to less than 6 grams per day was found to significantly reduce the risk of stroke.

Question 9

Evidence from epidemiologic investigations suggests that light alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of stroke whereas heavier drinking may offer slight protection.

Question 10

Results from randomized clinical trials provide strong evidence that aggressive treatment of elevated blood pressure using anti-hypertensive medications significantly reduces the risk of acute stroke.

Question 11

What percentage of strokes are hemorrhagic?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Question 12

What percentage of strokes are ischemic?

A) 55%
B) 65%
C) 75%
D) 85%

Question 13

The global case fatality of stroke is approximately:

A) 30%.
B) 35%.
C) 40%.
D) 45%.

Question 14

The strongest predictor of stroke mortality among nations is the:

A) smoking rate.
B) prevalence of hypertension.
C) prevalence of hypercholesterolemia.
D) per capita income.

Question 15

What biomarker of inflammation has recently proven to be an effective predictor of impending stroke/TIA?

A) Apo B / Apo A1 ratio
B) C Reactive Protein
C) HDL cholesterol
D) LDL cholesterol

Question 16

The mortality from stroke in the USA shows considerable overlap with mortality from which of the following diseases?

A) Breast Cancer
B) Colon Cancer
C) Prostate Cancer
D) Lung Cancer

Question 17

Which of the following is not a proven risk factor for stroke?

A) Apo B / Apo A1 ratio
B) Chronic smoking
C) Alcohol abuse
D) High HDL cholesterol

Question 18

What type of heart arrhythmia increases the risk of stroke more than fivefold?

A) Atrial fibrillation
B) Ventricular fibrillation
C) Asystole
D) Tachycardia

Question 19

Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of stroke?

A) African Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Non-Hispanic Caucasian Americans
D) The incidence rates for all ethnicities are similar.

Question 20

Statins reduce the risk of stroke by blocking which enzyme in the mevalonate synthetic pathway of cholesterol?

A) COX-1
B) COX-2
C) HMG Co-A Reductase
D) a-reductase

Question 21

Describe ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Question 22

Describe the global burden of stroke.

Question 23

Discuss key findings of the INTERSTROKE Study.

Question 24

Discuss key findings of the INTERSALT Study that are relevant to the risk of stroke.

Question 25

Describe the Stroke Belt in the USA and the web of causation.

Question 26

Discuss the association of alcohol consumption and stroke.

Question 27

Discuss the association of atrial fibrillation and stroke.

Question 28

Discuss strategies for the prevention of stroke.