Deck 18: Influences on Prenatal Development

Question 1

Extrauterine agents that cause structural abnormalities in the developing fetus are known as __________.

A) teratogens
B) phenylketonuria
C) sex-linked disorders
D) toxoplasmosis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Major abnormalities of vital structures, such as arms, legs, heart, and eyes can result from exposure of the mother to extrauterine agents during which time period?

A) from the first to the tenth week
B) from the second to the sixteenth week
C) from the third to the eighth week
D) from the fourth to the twentieth week

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The use of prescription medications during pregnancy is referred to as a __________.

A) tolerable risk
B) managed risk
C) contained risk
D) minimal risk

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a well-known significant risk that alters fetal cell division and growth, is associated with spontaneous abortions, congenital abnormalities, mental retardation, and causes higher risk for childhood leukemia?

A) Toxoplasmosis
B) polymerase chain reaction
C) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
D) radiation exposure

Question 5

__________ is characterized by retarded growth before and after birth, unusual facial features, and structural abnormalities.

A) Fetal alcohol syndrome
B) Infant cocaine addiction
C) Nicotine birth disorder
D) Newborn chemical response

Question 6

Use of __________ by pregnant women increases maternal and fetal heart rates and blood pressures, decreases blood flow to the fetus, and causes uterine contractions.

A) alcohol
B) tobacco
C) cocaine
D) aspirin

Question 7

__________ by pregnant women decreases blood flow to the placenta, constricts blood vessels in the uterus, and interferes with maternal absorption of vitamins and calcium.

A) Smoking
B) Drinking alcohol
C) Cocaine use
D) Taking insulin

Question 8

Long-term exposure of the fetus to alcohol is very devastating and the effects are usually both irreversible and preventable.

Question 9

The most common diseases that are potentially harmful to the fetus are collectively referred to by the acronym STORCH: syphilis, toxomoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes.

Question 10

A small amount of alcohol can be safely consumed during pregnancy.

Question 11

Maternal hyperglycemia during the 3rd to 6th weeks of gestation results in three to four times the incidence of congenital anomalies, such as heart defects and hydrocephalus.