Deck 22: The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Which of the following applies to elastic arteries?

A) These vessels distribute blood to the skeletal muscles and internal organs of the body.
B) They have a poorly defined adventitia.
C) The media of these arteries contains a high density of elastic fibers and relatively few smooth muscle cells.
D) The media consists of scattered smooth muscle fibers that do not form a complete layer.
E) They have an average diameter of 50 µm.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following diffuses across the endothelial cells in a capillary?

A) lipid-insoluble materials
B) gases
C) glucose
D) large carbohydrates
E) nucleic acids

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A network of small arteries called the ________ provides a blood supply to the externa of very large blood vessels.

A) vasa vasorum
B) companion vessels
C) distributing arteries
D) fenestrated arteries
E) thoroughfare channels

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Muscular arteries ________.

A) are larger than elastic arteries and smaller than arterioles
B) have a media with a high density of elastic fibers
C) are exemplified by the aorta
D) have a thick media with a large amount of smooth muscle fiber within them
E) collect blood from capillaries

Question 5

Which vessels collect blood from capillaries?

A) large veins
B) venules
C) arterioles
D) small veins
E) metarterioles

Question 6

Which vessels have an average diameter of 30 µm, have thin adventitia, and an often-incomplete media?

A) venules
B) elastic arteries
C) arterioles
D) muscular arteries
E) capillaries

Question 7

The outermost layer of a blood vessel, which is very thick and composed chiefly of collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers, is the ________.

A) media
B) intima
C) external elastic membrane
D) adventitia
E) internal elastic membrane

Question 8

Which of the following is true of an artery?

A) The vessel walls are relatively thin.
B) Blood flow is the slowest of all classes of vessels.
C) The histological structure permits a two-way exchange of substances between the blood and body cells.
D) The lumen is relatively smaller than that of a corresponding vein.
E) The adventitia is frequently absent.

Question 9

In the pulmonary circuit, blood enters the pulmonary trunk directly from the ________.

A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) coronary sinus
D) right ventricle
E) left ventricle

Question 10

The ________ is composed of arteries and veins that transport blood between the heart and the lungs.

A) systemic circuit
B) renal circuit
C) hepatic portal circuit
D) infundibular circuit
E) pulmonary circuit

Question 11

In atherosclerosis, the deposition of fatty plaques begins in which layer of the arterial wall?

A) adventitia
B) epithelium of the media
C) endothelium of the intima
D) external elastic membrane
E) internal elastic membrane

Question 12

When an artery constricts, the ________ is thrown into folds that give arterial sections a pleated appearance.

A) external elastic membrane
B) mesothelium
C) adventitia
D) endothelium
E) media

Question 13

The walls of veins are thinner than those of corresponding arteries, because ________.

A) veins contain a lower proportion of smooth muscle fibers
B) of only arteries can perform vasoconstriction
C) veins contain a greater proportion of elastic fibers and collagen
D) blood pressure is higher in veins
E) the lumen of veins is much smaller than the lumen of arteries of similar diameter

Question 14

Typically, as an artery gets farther from the heart, its diameter decreases, and there is a(n)________.

A) decrease in the amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the number of elastic fibers
B) increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers
C) increase in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers
D) decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers
E) no change in the amount of smooth muscle or elastic fibers

Question 15

The venous system normally contains ________ of the blood volume (roughly 3.5L of whole blood).

A) 30-35%
B) 75-80%
C) 45-50%
D) 65-70%
E) 20-25%

Question 16

Most of the visible, named arteries are ________.

A) sinusoids
B) elastic arteries
C) muscular arteries
D) metarterioles
E) arterioles

Question 17

Metarterioles consist of which of the following?

A) smooth muscle
B) epithelial tissue
C) cartilage
D) skeletal muscle bands
E) endothelial cells

Question 18

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur due to sympathetic activation of which vessel layer?

A) endothelium
B) intima
C) media
D) epithelium
E) adventitia

Question 19

Which statement regarding the pulmonary circuit is true?

A) Blood enters the left atrium from the capillary beds in peripheral tissues.
B) The pulmonary trunk is the terminal end of the pulmonary circuit.
C) Compared with the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit is relatively longer.
D) Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.
E) Blood enters the pulmonary trunk from the left ventricle.

Question 20

Which of the artery types contain both internal and external elastic laminae?

A) elastic arteries
B) arterioles
C) muscular arteries
D) fenestrated arteries
E) elastic arteries and arterioles

Question 21

At the coronoid fossa, the brachial artery divides into the ________.

A) tibial and fibular arteries
B) radial and ulnar arteries
C) internal iliac arteries
D) external carotid arteries
E) internal carotid arteries

Question 22

Which vessel supplies the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain?

A) middle cerebral artery
B) basilar artery
C) ophthalmic artery
D) vertebral artery
E) anterior cerebral artery

Question 23

Which of the following is a paired branch of the abdominal aorta?

A) celiac artery
B) renal artery
C) superior mesenteric artery
D) inferior mesenteric artery
E) median sacral artery

Question 24

The thyroid gland is supplied by which vessel?

A) common carotid artery
B) thyrocervical trunk
C) axillary artery
D) pulmonary trunk
E) vertebral artery

Question 25

Which of the following is a branch of the aortic arch?

A) pulmonary trunk
B) cephalic vein
C) brachiocephalic trunk
D) common iliac artery
E) right pulmonary artery

Question 26

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the ________.

A) brachiocephalic artery
B) subclavian arteries
C) common iliac arteries
D) common carotid arteries
E) inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 27

Which of the following is the right branch of the celiac trunk?

A) cystic artery
B) splenic artery
C) superior mesenteric artery
D) common hepatic artery
E) gastroduodenal artery

Question 28

Which great vessel structure is divided by the diaphragm into a superior thoracic portion and an inferior abdominal portion?

A) aortic arch
B) ascending aorta
C) descending aorta
D) superior mesenteric artery
E) celiac artery

Question 29

The midbrain and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres receive blood from the ________.

A) common carotid artery
B) anterior cerebral artery
C) external carotid artery
D) basilar artery
E) middle cerebral artery

Question 30

The cerebral arterial circle encircles which structure?

A) cerebellum
B) pons
C) medulla oblongata
D) infundibulum of the pituitary gland
E) tectum

Question 31

Which vessel supplies the pericardium?

A) axillary artery
B) radial artery
C) brachial artery
D) vertebral artery
E) internal thoracic artery

Question 32

Which is the first branch of the brachial artery?

A) axillary artery
B) vertebral artery
C) subclavian artery
D) deep brachial artery
E) internal thoracic artery

Question 33

Pulmonary veins enter which chamber of the heart?

A) right ventricle
B) left atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right atrium
E) pulmonary trunk

Question 34

Which vessel(s)enters the cranium at the foramen magnum?

A) internal carotid arteries
B) vertebral arteries
C) external carotid arteries
D) anterior cerebral artery
E) posterior cerebral arteries

Question 35

Which of the following contains baroreceptors and chemoreceptors?

A) carotid sinus
B) pulmonary trunk
C) deep palmar arch
D) cerebral arterial circle
E) ophthalmic artery

Question 36

The ascending aorta begins at (the)________.

A) external carotid artery
B) apex of the heart
C) conus arteriosus
D) aortic valve
E) aortic arch

Question 37

Which vessel(s)supplies the superior surface of the muscular diaphragm?

A) superior phrenic arteries
B) bronchial arteries
C) intercostal arteries
D) superior mesenteric artery
E) inferior abdominal aorta

Question 38

The anterior chest wall is supplied by (the)________.

A) coronary circulation
B) thyrocervical trunk
C) radial artery
D) vertebral artery
E) internal thoracic artery

Question 39

An unpaired artery that branches from the abdominal aorta includes the ________.

A) adrenal artery
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) phrenic artery
D) gonadal artery
E) lumbar artery

Question 40

Which arteries fuse to form the basilar artery?

A) internal carotid arteries
B) external carotid arteries
C) brachial arteries
D) vertebral arteries
E) axillary arteries

Question 41

What is the significance of the presence of dual venous drainage, one superficial and the other deep, in the neck and limbs?

A) These vessels have a completely different distribution and so must be located far from one another to avoid competitive drainage issues.
B) There is no known significance for this phenomenon.
C) This distribution is important for regulation of body temperature.
D) This placement is important in the regulation of the distribution of hormones in the circulation.
E) This distribution is critical for proper lymphatic drainage.

Question 42

Which vessels supply the urinary bladder?

A) celiac trunk vessels
B) adrenal arteries
C) gonadal arteries
D) sacral arteries
E) internal iliac arteries

Question 43

The rectum and terminal portion of the colon are supplied by which vessel?

A) celiac trunk
B) inferior mesenteric artery
C) internal iliac artery
D) inferior phrenic artery
E) superior mesenteric artery

Question 44

The gallbladder, duodenum, pancreas, and spleen are supplied by which vessel?

A) superior mesenteric artery
B) adrenal artery
C) inferior phrenic artery
D) celiac trunk
E) inferior mesenteric artery

Question 45

The first paired branches of the abdominal aorta are the ________.

A) inferior phrenic arteries
B) superior mesenteric arteries
C) gonadal arteries
D) renal arteries
E) common iliac arteries

Question 46

The common iliac arteries divide to form a branch that enters the pelvic cavity and a branch called the ________ that proceeds to the lower limb.

A) inferior branch
B) femoral artery
C) inguinal artery
D) external iliac artery
E) sacral artery

Question 47

The lateral side of the arm and radial side of the forearm contains a long superficial vein named the ________.

A) basilic vein
B) cubital vein
C) radial vein
D) median antebrachial vein
E) cephalic vein

Question 48

After passing from the thoracic cavity over the border of the first rib, the subclavian artery changes its name. The name changes continue along the arm and to the hand. In correct order, these names are:
(1)superficial palmar arch
(2)deep palmar arch
(3)brachial artery
(4)radial artery
(5)axillary artery
(6)ulnar artery

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B) 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 1 or 4, 2, 3 or 5, 6
D) 5, 3, 4 or 6, 1 or 2
E) 4 or 6, 1 or 2, 5, 3

Question 49

The hepatic portal vein carries blood ________.

A) high in nutrients
B) high in oxygen
C) high in acid
D) from the kidneys
E) to the digestive tract

Question 50

The parietal branches of the thoracic aorta include the ________.

A) bronchial arteries
B) esophageal arteries
C) mediastinal arteries
D) pericardial arteries
E) intercostal arteries

Question 51

Which of these is the major tributary of the superior vena cava?

A) superior mesenteric vein
B) azygous vein
C) left colic vein
D) inferior mesenteric vein
E) splenic vein

Question 52

The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the_______.

A) brachiocephalic trunk
B) right common iliac artery
C) right brachial artery
D) right coronary artery
E) superior vena cava

Question 53

Which vessel branches into medial and lateral circumflex arteries?

A) gonadal artery
B) lumbar artery
C) celiac trunk
D) deep femoral artery
E) median sacral artery

Question 54

The vertebral arteries fuse along the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata and form the ________.

A) ophthalmic artery
B) external carotid artery
C) anterior cerebral artery
D) internal carotid artery
E) basilar artery

Question 55

The right common carotid artery and right subclavian arteries are branches of the ________.

A) thyrocervical trunk
B) vertebral artery
C) brachiocephalic trunk
D) aortic arch
E) pulmonary trunk

Question 56

The adrenal arteries originate on either side of the aorta near the base of which vessel?

A) inferior mesenteric artery
B) renal artery
C) gonadal artery
D) common iliac artery
E) superior mesenteric artery

Question 57

The medial aspect of the knee is supplied by which vessel?

A) descending genicular artery
B) dorsalis pedis artery
C) celiac trunk
D) fibular artery
E) inferior phrenic artery

Question 58

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes (the)________.

A) lateral plantar artery
B) dorsalis pedis artery
C) medial plantar artery
D) dorsal plantar arch
E) peroneal artery

Question 59

As it passes through the adductor magnus muscle, the femoral artery becomes the ________.

A) popliteal artery
B) inferior mesenteric artery
C) tibial artery
D) saphenous artery
E) iliac artery

Question 60

After leaving the thoracic cavity and passing over the outer border of the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________.

A) brachial artery
B) radial artery
C) clavicular artery
D) axillary artery
E) ulnar artery

Question 61

The brachiocephalic veins receive blood from the ________ and then the right and left brachiocephalic veins merge to form the ________.

A) plantar veins; dorsalis pedis veins
B) hepatic portal veins; splenic vein
C) basilic veins; superior vena cava
D) vertebral veins; superior vena cava
E) internal iliac veins; common iliac veins

Question 62

Because the walls of arteries are relatively thick and strong, they retain their circular shape in histological sections.

Question 63

Which of the following organs drains its blood through the hepatic portal system?

A) kidney
B) stomach
C) adrenal gland
D) uterus
E) urinary bladder

Question 64

The azygous and hemiazygous veins are the chief collecting veins of the ________.

A) head and neck
B) pelvis
C) upper limbs
D) lower limbs
E) thorax

Question 65

As the pulmonary trunk curves over the superior border of the heart, it gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries.

Question 66

Branches of the subclavian arteries carry blood on the way to the brain, neck and shoulder muscles, and spinal cord.

Question 67

The interatrial opening, which results in the interatrial partition remaining functionally incomplete up to the time of birth, is known as which of the following?

A) ductus arteriosus
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus venosus
E) inferior vena cava

Question 68

If serious hemorrhaging occurs, the vasomotor center of the cerebellum stimulates sympathetic nerves innervating smooth muscle cells in the walls of medium-sized veins.

Question 69

Age-related changes in blood vessels, some of which are related to arteriosclerosis, include ________.

A) decreased elasticity of arteries and veins
B) the walls of arteries become less tolerant of sudden increases in pressure
C) events leading to an aneurysm
D) calcium salts depositing onto weakened vascular walls
E) any of these can occur with aging

Question 70

Arteries and veins often make anastomotic connections that reduce the impact of a temporary or even permanent occlusion (blockage)of a single vessel.

Question 71

Which of the following is involved in draining blood from the cavernous sinus to the internal jugular veins?

A) straight sinus
B) superior sagittal sinus
C) petrosal sinus
D) temporal veins
E) external jugular veins

Question 72

The longest vein in the body is the ________.

A) small saphenous vein
B) great saphenous vein
C) femoral vein
D) cephalic vein
E) sartorius vein

Question 73

As it proceeds toward the liver, the hepatic portal vein receives blood from which of the following?

A) hepatic veins
B) lumbar veins
C) gastric veins
D) the adrenal veins
E) great saphenous veins

Question 74

Age-related changes in the heart include ________.

A) increased maximum cardiac output
B) reduction in the elasticity of the fibrous skeleton
C) increased size of coronary vessels
D) decreased pressures in the great vessels
E) absence of scar tissue in cardiac muscle

Question 75

In fetal circulation, blood may bypass the pulmonary circuit by passing from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through the short muscular vessel known as the ________.

A) fossa ovale
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) ductus arteriosus
E) umbilical arteries

Question 76

Which of the following drains into the external iliac veins?

A) gluteal veins
B) internal pudendal veins
C) deep femoral veins
D) obturator veins
E) lateral sacral veins

Question 77

Distally the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery, which supplies blood to the upper limb.

Question 78

Very large blood vessels require their own blood supply, and this is provided by a network of small arteries called the vasa vasorum.

Question 79

The umbilical vein drains into the ductus venosus, which is connected to an intricate network of veins within the developing ________.

A) placenta
B) heart
C) spleen
D) liver
E) lungs

Question 80

The ________ is formed by the union of the inferior mesenteric vein and veins from the spleen, the lateral border of the stomach, and the pancreas.

A) gastric vein
B) cystic vein
C) superior mesenteric vein
D) pancreatic duodenal vein
E) splenic vein