Deck 1: Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

Which of the following refers to all the chemical operations under way in the body?

A) anabolism
B) respiration
C) absorption
D) metabolism
E) excretion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

It is important to study the discipline of anatomy because it ________.

A) is important to understand the link between human structure and function
B) develop a three-dimensional understanding of anatomical relationships
C) will assist individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health
D) provides a basis for understanding more advanced courses in anatomy, physiology, and related disciplines
E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The study of anatomical features that may undergo recognizable pathological changes during illness is called ________ anatomy.

A) clinical
B) developmental
C) comparative
D) systemic
E) regional

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The basic functions performed by all living humans include(s)________.

A) excretion
B) metabolism
C) growth and differentiation
D) movement
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about anatomical information is correct?

A) Anatomic information is all historical.
B) It describes external and internal structures of the body and considers probable function.
C) It addresses large body structures visible to the naked eye only.
D) Physiology and anatomy are unrelated.
E) The study of cells or cytology is useless to anatomy.

Question 6

The study of the early processes during the first two months of development from conception is called ________.

A) cytology
B) physiology
C) histology
D) embryology
E) osteology

Question 7

The study of disease is ________.

A) radiology
B) pathology
C) histology
D) neurology
E) cardiology

Question 8

Which of the following is the highest level of organization?

A) chemical
B) organelles
C) cellular
D) tissues
E) organs

Question 9

The study of structures through specialized imaging techniques, such as ultrasounds, x-rays, or other specialized procedures performed on an intact body, is called ________.

A) cytology
B) embryology
C) physiology
D) histology
E) radiography

Question 10

The anatomical specialty that refers to the study of general form (or morphology)and superficial anatomical markings is called ________.

A) surface anatomy
B) comparative anatomy
C) regional anatomy
D) developmental anatomy
E) systemic anatomy

Question 11

The vital ability of an organism to take certain actions when changes occur in its immediate environment is called ________.

A) movement
B) growth
C) responsiveness
D) metabolism
E) excretion

Question 12

The branch of science that studies groups of specialized cells and how they work together is called ________.

A) physiology
B) histology
C) anatomy
D) cytology
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Which type of anatomy refers to the study of all of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body?

A) surface anatomy
B) regional anatomy
C) systemic anatomy
D) gross anatomy
E) microscopic anatomy

Question 14

Disease is the failure to maintain ________ conditions.

A) metabolic
B) homeostatic
C) allostatic
D) physiological
E) pathological

Question 15

Choose the correct arrangement of items 1-5, ranking them from the highest to the lowest level of complexity.
(1)organism
(2)tissue
(3)chemical or molecular
(4)cellular
(5)organ system

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3
D) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
E) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3

Question 16

The discipline that might examine structural interactions within a sheet of muscle tissue, or groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions, is called ________.

A) morphology
B) radiology
C) embryology
D) histology
E) cytology

Question 17

Gross anatomical specialties include ________.

A) radiographic and surgical anatomy
B) cytology and embryology
C) histology
D) radiographic anatomy, surgical anatomy, cytology and embryology
E) cytology, histology and embryology

Question 18

________ anatomy is a new subspecialty of gross anatomy as new advances, such as computed tomography and spiral CT scans, have emerged.

A) Surgical
B) Developmental
C) Cross-sectional
D) Regional
E) Comparative

Question 19

The study of the heart, blood, and blood vessels is which of the following approaches?

A) systemic anatomy
B) regional anatomy
C) developmental anatomy
D) surface anatomy
E) gross anatomy

Question 20

The analysis of the smallest units of life is called ________.

A) embryology
B) cytology
C) physiology
D) histology
E) morphology

Question 21

A frontal (coronal)section is in a plane that ________.

A) divides the body along the midline
B) divides the body into left and right sections
C) divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
D) divides the body into superior and inferior sections
E) divides the body into frontal sections

Question 22

The ________ system allows for gas exchange between the air and circulating blood.

A) respiratory
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) lymphatic
E) cardiovascular

Question 23

The primary site of blood cell production is within the ________.

A) cardiovascular system
B) skeletal system
C) integumentary system
D) lymphatic system
E) endocrine system

Question 24

Excretion involves ________.

A) changes to adjust to an organism's environment
B) creation of a new generation of individuals
C) transport of substances within an organism
D) elimination of unnecessary or potentially harmful materials metabolic waste from the body
E) locomotion of the body

Question 25

The process of creating subsequent generations, either unicellular or multicellular, is referred to as ________.

A) growth
B) reproduction
C) metabolism
D) differentiation
E) responsiveness

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

A) form and concentrate urine
B) regulate blood pH and ion concentrations
C) perform endocrine functions
D) All are primary functions of the kidneys.
E) None of the answers are primary functions of the kidneys.

Question 27

Which of the following is the primary function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?

A) controls the development and maintenance of one class of lymphocytes
B) engulfs pathogens
C) monitors circulating blood
D) carries lymph and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to the veins of the cardiovascular system
E) monitors the composition of lymph

Question 28

The ________ system allows for locomotion, provides support, and produces heat.

A) integumentary
B) skeletal
C) muscular
D) cardiovascular
E) digestive

Question 29

Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood cell formation are all functions of the ________.

A) skeletal system
B) cardiovascular system
C) immune system
D) reproductive system
E) excretory system

Question 30

Growth and differentiation often include ________.

A) specialization of individual cells
B) increase in cell size
C) increase in cell numbers
D) changes in form and function
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 31

Gas exchange is also facilitated by the ________ system, which is responsible for the internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.

A) urinary
B) digestive
C) cardiovascular
D) respiratory
E) lymphatic

Question 32

Organs systems are a component of the integumentary system which includes ________.

A) anatomical units with related functions
B) formed by two or more organs
C) often large enough to be studied without magnification
D) interdependent on each other
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 33

The property of living things to transport food, blood, or other materials inside the body is called ________.

A) digestion
B) respiration
C) catabolism
D) growth
E) movement

Question 34

The ________ system contains glandular structures that direct long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.

A) nervous
B) cardiovascular
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) lymphatic

Question 35

In the prone position, ________.

A) the body faces posteriorly
B) the body is lying in anatomical position face up
C) the body is lying in anatomical position face down
D) the head is turned to the left, and the eyes are closed
E) the body is situated facing posteriorly and the eyes are open.

Question 36

Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems is the function of the ________.

A) integumentary system
B) endocrine system
C) urinary system
D) nervous system
E) reproductive system

Question 37

The process of cellular specialization to perform particular functions is called ________.

A) reproduction
B) differentiation
C) growth
D) irritability
E) anabolism

Question 38

The major functions of the ________ system are temperature control and protection of the body from the external environmental hazards.

A) digestive
B) cardiovascular
C) urinary
D) respiratory
E) integumentary

Question 39

Components of the urinary system include ________.

A) ureters and kidneys
B) liver and pancreas
C) thymus and spleen
D) bronchi and alveoli
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 40

In anatomical position, a person stands with the legs together and the feet flat on the floor. Additionally, the ________.

A) hands are raised above the head
B) hands are facing posteriorly
C) hands are hanging naturally at the person's sides
D) hands are at the sides, and the palms face anteriorly
E) hands are facing laterally

Question 41

The ________ lines the body wall within the abdominopelvic peritoneal cavity.

A) visceral pleura
B) parietal pericardium
C) mesentery proper
D) superficial fascia
E) parietal peritoneum

Question 42

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by ________.

A) the inferior border of the rib cage
B) a sheet of connective tissue
C) the diaphragm
D) the liver
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 43

A ________ section is produced if the body is separated into superior and inferior portions.

A) coronal
B) medial
C) frontal
D) parasagittal
E) transverse

Question 44

The pericardial cavity contains which of the following?

A) heart
B) liver
C) intestines
D) brain
E) both the heart and the liver

Question 45

Mesenteries ________.

A) provide support and stability to the stomach and small intestine
B) allow movement of abdominal structures
C) support and stabilize organs such as the kidneys
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Which radiological procedure uses high-frequency sound to produce an echogram?

A) CT scan
B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C) x-ray
D) ultrasound
E) digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Question 47

The axilla is ________ and ________ to the nasus.

A) superior; lateral
B) inferior; lateral
C) anterior; lateral
D) ventral; medial
E) posterior; medial

Question 48

Which of the following directional reference pairs consists of anatomical equivalents when referring to the human body?

A) distal, medial
B) proximal, lateral
C) cranial, caudal
D) cephalic, posterior
E) anterior, ventral

Question 49

A ________ section through the umbilicus divides the human body into equal left and right portions.

A) cross-sectional
B) parasagittal
C) transverse
D) coronal
E) midsagittal

Question 50

The serous membrane that covers the outer surface of a lung is called the ________.

A) visceral peritoneum
B) parietal pericardium
C) visceral pleura
D) parietal mesentery
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following is considered a radiological procedure?

A) CT (computerized tomography)
B) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
C) ultrasound
D) angiography
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

The hips are ________, or inferior, to the shoulders.

A) caudal
B) ventral
C) superficial
D) dorsal
E) cranial

Question 53

Which of the following organs occupies the pleural cavity?

A) trachea
B) heart
C) lungs
D) esophagus
E) thyroid gland

Question 54

Which of the following is the most inferior of the nine abdominopelvic regions?

A) hypochondriac region
B) hypogastric region
C) umbilical region
D) left lumbar region
E) epigastric region

Question 55

The two layers of a serous membrane are ________.

A) pericardial and parietal
B) double sheets of peritoneum
C) visceral and parietal
D) pleural and parietal
E) internal and external

Question 56

A person lying down in the anatomical position is said to be ________ when lying face up.

A) homeostatic
B) prone
C) superficial
D) supine
E) ventral

Question 57

The space that contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urine, and reproductive systems is called the ________.

A) mediastinum
B) pleural cavity
C) mesentery proper
D) pelvic cavity
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following includes only structures enclosed within the mediastinum?

A) lungs, esophagus, heart
B) heart, trachea, lungs
C) esophagus, trachea, thymus
D) pharynx, thymus, major vessels
E) brain, spinal cord

Question 59

A transverse section at the level immediately below the nipple would pass through which body cavity(ies)?

A) pleural cavities
B) pericardial cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) pelvic cavity
E) both the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity

Question 60

The anatomical name for the front of the elbow is ________.

A) olecranon
B) antecubitis
C) carpus
D) antebrachium
E) manus

Question 61

How does the regional approach differ from the systemic approach in the study of anatomy?

Question 62

Developmental anatomy refers to the study of changes in form over time.

Question 63

How does improper functioning at the chemical level affect cellular, tissue, organ, and organism function?

Question 64

Pain originating from the spleen would most likely be felt in the ________ abdominopelvic quadrant.

A) right upper
B) right lower
C) left upper
D) left lower
E) left inguinal

Question 65

The urinary bladder is located in the ________ cavity.

A) abdominal
B) thoracic
C) pelvic
D) mediastinal
E) pleural

Question 66

The anatomical term calcaneus refers to the calf.

Question 67

Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence, distribution, and cause.

Question 68

A CT scan generates a higher quality image than a spiral CT scan.

Question 69

Organs such as the liver, stomach, and pancreas are located within the ________ cavity, superior to the level of the pelvis.

A) dorsal
B) pelvic
C) abdominal
D) cranial
E) inguinal

Question 70

The femur is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles.

Question 71

In general, why must larger organisms have specialized structures to permit some life functions to occur?

Question 72

Facies is the anatomical term, which refers to the chin.

Question 73

How does comparative anatomy contribute to the study of human gross anatomy?

Question 74

What is the basic anatomical pattern that humans and other vertebrate animals share?

Question 75

Cranial refers to "toward the head."

Question 76

Cellular structures and the functions of major organelles focus attention at the cellular level.

Question 77

If a person has peritonitis, which of the following organs will be affected within the peritoneum.

A) urinary bladder
B) heart
C) lungs
D) stomach
E) thymus

Question 78

The ________ abdominopelvic region is sandwiched between the right and left hypochondriac regions.

A) umbilical
B) epigastric
C) hypogastric
D) lumbar
E) hypochondriac

Question 79

Gluteus refers to the portion of the body upon which one sits.

Question 80

Multiple tissues that interact to perform a united group of functions show organization at the organismal level.