Deck 10: The Muscular System: Axial Musculature

Question 1

Axial muscles fall into logical groups based upon ________.

A) muscle fiber pattern
B) muscle shape and function
C) muscle structure
D) location and function
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Muscles of the head and neck that are innervated by the trochlear nerve are associated with ________.

A) those that govern feeding
B) those that govern verbal communication
C) actions that form facial expressions
D) actions that orient the eyes
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following belongs to the second group of the axial muscles that include flexors and extensors of the axial skeleton?

A) the muscles of the vertebral column
B) the muscles of the perineum
C) the muscles of the head and neck
D) the oblique and rectus muscles
E) the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following muscles runs between the larynx and the hyoid bone?

A) thyrohyoid
B) digastric
C) mylohyoid
D) genioglossus
E) geniohyoid

Question 5

The ________ pulls the eyebrow skin inferiorly and medially, and wrinkles the brow.

A) orbicularis oculi
B) levator palpebrae superioris
C) procerus
D) levator anguli oris
E) corrugator supercilii

Question 6

Which of the following muscles originates at the mandible bone?

A) thyrohyoid
B) geniohyoid
C) stylohyoid
D) styloglossus
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is/are the major action(s)of the anterior neck musculature?

A) depress the mandible
B) stabilize the muscles of the tongue and pharynx
C) tense the floor of the mouth
D) control the position of the larynx
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The ________ muscle elevates the larynx and is innervated by cranial nerve VII.

A) sternohyoid
B) thyrohyoid
C) stylohyoid
D) omohyoid
E) mylohyoid

Question 9

Orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, and platysma are part of the group of muscles known as the muscles of ________.

A) facial expression
B) mastication
C) the extra-ocular region
D) the tongue
E) the pharynx

Question 10

Muscles of mastication most often insert into the ________.

A) mandible
B) bones of the face
C) tongue
D) muscles adjacent to them
E) eyes

Question 11

The trigeminal nerve controls which group of muscles?

A) muscles of facial expression
B) muscles of mastication
C) muscles of the tongue
D) muscles of the pharynx
E) muscles of the eye

Question 12

The muscular system is divided into axial and appendicular divisions. The other system that is similarly divided is the ________ system.

A) integument
B) nervous
C) digestive
D) skeletal
E) circulatory

Question 13

Which of the following muscles is inferior to the lips?

A) masseter
B) frontalis
C) depressor anguli oris
D) risorius
E) zygomaticus major

Question 14

Which of the following muscles originates at two heads?

A) sternocleidomastoid
B) sternohyoid
C) thyrohyoid
D) mylohyoid
E) stylohyoid

Question 15

The facial nerve supplies the muscles of ________.

A) the tongue
B) the eyes
C) mastication
D) the anterior neck
E) facial expression

Question 16

Which of the following muscles is the most powerful muscle involved in the process of chewing or manipulating food in the mouth?

A) masseter
B) omohyoid
C) temporalis
D) pterygoid
E) hyoglossus

Question 17

How do the extra-ocular eye muscles differ in action from the intrinsic eye muscles?

A) The two muscle groups do not differ in movement types, only in when the movements occur.
B) The extra-ocular muscles cause faster movements than do the intrinsic muscles.
C) Extra-ocular eye muscles move the eyeball in relation to the rest of the body, whereas intrinsic muscles move structures within the eyeball.
D) The extra-ocular eye muscles are smooth muscles inside the eyeball while the intrinsic eye muscles originate on the surface of the orbit and insert into the sclera of the eye just posterior to the cornea.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Which muscle(s)moves the bolus into the esophagus?

A) pharyngeal constrictors
B) styloglossus
C) levator veli palatini
D) salpingopharyngeus
E) palatopharyngeus

Question 19

Which of the following features are common to the muscles of mastication?

A) They share an oculomotor nerve innervation.
B) They move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint.
C) They are primarily grouped among the muscles of facial expression.
D) They allow a person to smile.
E) They control swallowing.

Question 20

Which of the following muscles has an origin on the temporal bone?

A) palatoglossus muscle
B) hyoglossus muscle
C) styloglossus muscle
D) genioglossus muscle
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 21

The oblique muscle and/or rectus muscle do which of the following?

A) rotate the vertebral column
B) compress underlying structures
C) occur in the neck
D) important role in respiratory movements of the ribs
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

The erector spinae muscle group that is located most medial to the vertebral column is the ________.

A) longissimus group
B) spinalis group
C) iliocostalis group
D) capitis group
E) thoracis group

Question 23

Which of the following extends the vertebral column and depresses the ribs?

A) longus capitis
B) iliocostalis lumborum
C) longus cervicis
D) quadratus lumborum
E) longus colli

Question 24

The diaphragm muscle is innervated by ________.

A) cranial nerve X
B) the phrenic nerves
C) the intercostal nerves
D) the subcostal nerves
E) the thoracic nerves

Question 25

The muscular partition that separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities is the ________.

A) masseter
B) transversus abdominis
C) diaphragm
D) perineum
E) rectus abdominis

Question 26

The muscle that originates on the sacrum and transverse process of each vertebra and inserts on the spinous process of the third or fourth more superior vertebra is the ________ muscle.

A) quadratus lumborum
B) interspinalis
C) semispinalis
D) multifidus
E) rotatores

Question 27

The muscle that assists in mastication, and is also useful to musicians, as in playing a trumpet, is the ________ muscle.

A) masseter
B) orbicularis oris
C) procerus
D) temporalis
E) buccinator

Question 28

Botox is directly injected into the muscles of ________.

A) the tongue
B) facial expression
C) the pharynx
D) the extra-ocular region
E) mastication

Question 29

The digastric and omohyoid muscles are similar in that they both ________.

A) depress the mandible
B) have origins on the inferior surface of the mandible at the chin
C) depress the hyoid bone
D) have two bellies
E) originate from the superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch

Question 30

The ________ muscle originates on the horns of the hyoid bone and inserts in the median raphe, and is innervated by branches of the pharyngeal plexus.

A) middle pharyngeal constrictor
B) salpingopharyngeus
C) inferior pharyngeal constrictor
D) palatopharyngeus
E) superior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 31

Which of the following can flex the neck?

A) iliocostalis lumborum
B) iliocostalis cervicis
C) longissimus thoracis
D) longus colli
E) multifidus

Question 32

The intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles is also called the ________ group.

A) erector spinae
B) spinal flexor
C) intertransversarii
D) rotatores
E) interspinalis

Question 33

The ________ muscle is divided longitudinally by a median collagenous partition called the linea alba.

A) rectus abdominis
B) internal oblique
C) transversus abdominis
D) diaphragm
E) external oblique

Question 34

The muscle that originates on the lateral nasal cartilages and the aponeuroses covering the inferior portions of the nasal bones, and draws the medial angle of eyebrows inferiorly is called the ________.

A) mentalis
B) procerus
C) occipitofrontalis
D) nasalis
E) corrugator supercilii

Question 35

Of the following muscles, which can compress the abdomen?

A) internal oblique
B) external oblique
C) transversus abdominis
D) rectus abdominis
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 36

The deepest lateral layer of the abdominal muscles is the ________.

A) transversus abdominis
B) rectus abdominis
C) internal oblique
D) external oblique
E) psoas major

Question 37

A muscle that elevates the corner of the mouth and draws it laterally is the ________ muscle.

A) levator anguli oris
B) zygomaticus major
C) risorius
D) depressor anguli oris
E) orbicularis oris

Question 38

Which of the following is the function of the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?

A) flexion of the vertebral column
B) extension or lateral flexion of the neck
C) interconnect and stabilize the vertebrae
D) hyperextension of the vertebral column
E) depress the ribs

Question 39

These posterior neck muscles extend, rotate, and laterally flex the cervical vertebrae.

A) Iliocostalis group
B) Splenius group
C) Spinalis group
D) Longissimus group
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 40

When the ________ muscle contracts, the eye rolls and looks up and laterally.

A) inferior rectus
B) superior oblique
C) inferior oblique
D) superior rectus
E) lateral rectus

Question 41

Flexion of the vertebral column and depression of the ribs are actions accomplished by the ________ muscles in the abdominal wall.

A) inferior serratus posterior
B) diaphragm
C) rectus abdominis
D) internal intercostals
E) transversus abdominis

Question 42

The anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles are the oblique muscles of the neck, which ________.

A) elevate the first two ribs and/or flex the neck
B) depress the first two ribs and flex the neck
C) elevate the first two ribs and enlarge the thoracic cavity
D) depress the first two ribs and flex the vertebral column
E) elevate the first two ribs and oppose the diaphragm

Question 43

In infants, a muscle, which is responsible for producing the suction required for suckling at the breast, is the buccinator.

Question 44

Temporalis is a muscle of facial expression, which moves the auricle of the ear.

Question 45

What would be the consequences of a lacerated trigeminal nerve in terms of muscular control?

Question 46

Tensor veli palatini is a pharyngeal muscle, which elevates the soft palate.

Question 47

A muscle of the scalp, with two bellies separated by a collagenous sheet, is called occipitofrontalis.

Question 48

Which of the following is the most superficial and lateral muscle of the male or female urogenital triangle?

A) ischiocavernosus
B) bulbospongiosus
C) pubococcygeus
D) coccygeus
E) external urethral sphincter

Question 49

Palatoglossus is a muscle of the tongue.

Question 50

The muscle that elevates, everts, and protrudes the lower lip is the mentalis.

Question 51

A superficial muscle that covers the anterior surface of the neck is the trapezius.

Question 52

The deep transverse perineal muscle flexes coccygeal joints, and it elevates and supports the pelvic floor.

Question 53

The internal intercostal muscles aid in respiration by depressing the ribs.

Question 54

A muscle that constricts the opening of the mouth is orbicularis oculi.

Question 55

The superior serratus posterior muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7-T3 and the ligamentum nuchae, and functions in elevating the ribs and enlarging the thoracic cavity.

Question 56

The digastric muscle depresses the mandible and/or elevates the larynx.

Question 57

The risorius is a muscle of mastication.

Question 58

The pubococcygeus muscle, which originates on the inner margins of the pubis and inserts on the coccyx and median raphe, supports the pelvic organs and elevates and retracts the anus.

Question 59

The ________ muscle ejects urine or semen in the male.

A) deep transverse perineal
B) superficial transverse perineal
C) ischiocavernosus
D) external urethral sphincter
E) bulbospongiosus

Question 60

The external anal sphincter muscle and the pubococcygeus muscle are located within this perineal region.

A) urogenital triangle
B) anal triangle
C) urogenital diaphragm
D) diaphragm muscle
E) both urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Question 61

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

A) Tensor fasciae latae
B) Sartorius muscle
C) Adductor longus muscle
D) Rectus femoris muscle
E) Gracilis muscle

Question 62

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Y.

A) Calcaneal tendon
B) Linea alba
C) Flexor retinaculum
D) Superior extensor retinaculum
E) Rectus sheath

Question 63

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.

A) Flexor retinaculum
B) Iliotibial tract
C) Extensor retinaculum
D) Linea alba
E) Rectus sheath

Question 64

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.

A) Gracilis
B) Tensor fasciae latae
C) Iliotibial tract
D) Sartorius
E) Fibularis longus

Question 65

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Tendinous inscriptions
B) Epicranial aponeurosis
C) Linea alba
D) Iliotibial tract
E) Superior extensor retinaculum

Question 66

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

A) Biceps brachii muscle
B) Brachialis muscle
C) Triceps brachii muscle
D) Brachioradialis muscle
E) Pronator teres muscle

Question 67

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label W.

A) Extensor digitorum longus
B) Soleus muscle
C) Gastrocnemius muscle
D) Fibularis longus
E) Tibialis anterior

Question 68

Why can one clear the ears by swallowing?

Question 69

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label X.

A) Soleus muscle
B) Extensor digitorum longus
C) Tibialis anterior
D) Lateral malleolus of fibula
E) Fibularis longus

Question 70

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R.

A) Vastus lateralis muscle
B) Iliopsoas muscle
C) Pectineus muscle
D) Rectus femoris muscle
E) Adductor longus muscle

Question 71

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

A) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
B) Palmaris longus muscle
C) Brachioradialis muscle
D) Pronator teres muscle
E) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

Question 72

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Serratus anterior muscle
B) Deltoid muscle
C) Pectoralis major muscle
D) External oblique muscle
E) Teres major muscle

Question 73

What muscular changes are involved in the breathing process?

Question 74

Why are there so few spinal flexors associated with the anterior surface of the vertebral column, whereas there are a large number of different extensor groups?

Question 75

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label S.

A) Iliotibial tract
B) Vastus lateralis muscle
C) Tensor fasciae latae
D) Fibularis longus muscle
E) Pectineus muscle

Question 76

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Triceps brachii muscle
B) Trapezius muscle
C) Clavicle
D) Pectoralis major muscle
E) Deltoid muscle

Question 77

What are the muscles of the urogenital triangle, and how do they control the functions of this area?

Question 78

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.

A) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
B) Brachioradialis muscle
C) Palmaris longus muscle
D) Flexor carpi radialis muscle
E) Pronator teres muscle

Question 79

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Deltoid muscle
B) Latissimus dorsi muscle
C) Sternocleidomastoid muscle
D) Trapezius muscle
E) Occipitofrontalis muscle

Question 80

Figure 10.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s)in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

A) Palmaris longus muscle
B) Pronator teres muscle
C) Brachialis muscle
D) Biceps brachii muscle
E) Brachioradialis muscle