Deck 3: Abdomen

Question 1

The pancreas is located posterior to the stomach.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found?

A) Right upper quadrant
B) Left upper quadrant
C) Right lower quadrant
D) Left lower quadrant

Answer 2

Right lower quadrant

Question 3

Why is the right kidney usually lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?

A) Presence of right colic flexure
B) Presence of the liver
C) Presence of the stomach
D) Presence of right suprarenal gland

Answer 3

Presence of the liver

Question 4

The term gastro refers to the intestine.

Question 5

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic (hepatic)flexure?

A) Right lateral lumbar
B) Right inguinal
C) Right hypochondriac
D) Epigastric

Question 6

Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures?

A) Transverse colon
B) Descending colon
C) Ascending colon
D) Sigmoid colon

Question 7

Which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Cecum
D) Ileum

Question 8

Which of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine?

A) Mesentery
B) Viscera
C) Peritoneum
D) Omentum

Question 9

Which of the following structures is part of the lymphatic system?

A) Suprarenal glands
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Kidneys
D) Spleen

Question 10

What is another common term for the greater omentum?

A) Mesentery
B) Adipose layer
C) Fatty apron
D) Peritoneum

Question 11

The suprarenal glands are part of the _____ system.

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) lymphatic
D) urinary

Question 12

The greater omentum extends from the transverse colon to the:

A) posterior abdominal wall.
B) greater curvature of the stomach.
C) inferior margin of liver.
D) duodenum.

Question 13

Motion of the patient's diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions.

Question 14

The prefix pyelo refers to the:

A) urinary bladder.
B) ureter.
C) renal pelvis.
D) renal cortex.

Question 15

Which of the following solid organs is the largest found in the abdomen?

A) Spleen
B) Kidneys
C) Pancreas
D) Liver

Question 16

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A) Mesentery
B) Omentum
C) Peritoneum
D) Viscera

Question 17

Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a well-exposed abdomen projection on an average size patient?

A) Latissimus dorsi
B) Erector spinae
C) Psoas major
D) Quadratus lumborum

Question 18

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the gallbladder be found?

A) Right upper quadrant
B) Left upper quadrant
C) Right lower quadrant
D) Left lower quadrant

Question 19

Which of the following organs is NOT considered an accessory organ for digestion?

A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Spleen
D) Pancreas

Question 20

The prominent protuberance found on the anterior aspect of the ilium is the:

A) ischial tuberosity.
B) anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
C) symphysis pubis.
D) iliac crest.

Question 21

In which region or compartment of the peritoneum is the spleen located?

A) Intraperitoneum
B) Retroperitoneum
C) Infraperitoneum
D) Extraperitoneum

Question 22

A 16-year-old female patient enters the emergency department (ED)with a possible kidney stone.She complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region.Which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding?

A) Do not use it.
B) Use it on all projections if correctly placed.
C) Use it on the preliminary projection only.
D) Ask the patient or her parents for their permission to not shield the gonads.

Question 23

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an umbilical hernia.Which one of the following abdomen projections would best demonstrate it?

A) AP erect abdomen
B) Left lateral decubitus
C) KUB
D) Dorsal decubitus

Question 24

The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level.

A) L1
B) L2-3
C) T12
D) L4-5

Question 25

Which of the following manual exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abdominal projection on an average-sized adult?

A) 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/20 sec, nongrid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID
B) 90 kV, 600 mA, 1/20 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID
C) 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/15 sec, grid, 60-inch (153 cm) SID
D) 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid, 40-inch (102 cm) SID

Question 26

The technologist must ____ manual exposure factors for the patient with a large ileus.

A) increase
B) not change
C) decrease
D) switch to AEC

Question 27

What is the best method to control voluntary motion during abdominal radiography?

A) Short exposure time
B) Second breath hold
C) Careful instructions to patient
D) Use of small focal spot

Question 28

Which of the following topographic landmarks corresponds to L2-3 vertebral level?

A) Xiphoid process
B) Inferior costal margin
C) Jugular notch
D) ASIS

Question 29

Which of the following imaging modalities often requires the use of intravenous,iodinated contrast media for studies of the abdomen?

A) CT
B) Nuclear medicine
C) Sonography
D) Magnetic resonance

Question 30

What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP)kidneys,ureter,and bladder (KUB)abdomen projection?

A) Inspiration
B) Expiration
C) Shallow breathing during exposure
D) Either inspiration or expiration

Question 31

Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen?

A) Adynamic ileus
B) Volvulus
C) Intussusception
D) Ascites

Question 32

The xiphoid process is at the vertebral level of:

A) L2-3.
B) T2-3.
C) T9-10.
D) T5-6.

Question 33

In which region or compartment of the abdomen is the pancreas located?

A) Intraperitoneal
B) Retroperitoneal
C) Infraperitoneal
D) Extraperitoneal

Question 34

Gonadal shielding can often be used with male patients for the AP supine abdomen projection.

Question 35

Which radiographic landmark is most reliable to evaluate the posteroanterior (PA)projection of the abdomen for rotation?

A) Xiphoid process
B) Symphysis pubis
C) Ala of ilium
D) ASIS

Question 36

The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is:

A) sonography.
B) nuclear medicine.
C) barium enema study.
D) MRI.

Question 37

The most inferior positioning landmark on the abdomen/pelvis is the:

A) ischial tuberosity.
B) symphysis pubis.
C) anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
D) iliac crest.

Question 38

The technologist must ____ manual exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites.

A) increase
B) not change
C) decrease
D) switch to automatic exposure control (AEC)

Question 39

To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph,the technologist should palpate the:

A) iliac crest.
B) ASIS.
C) greater trochanter or symphysis pubis.
D) inferior costal margin.

Question 40

At what level should the central ray (CR)be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?

A) Iliac crest
B) 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest
C) ASIS
D) Umbilicus

Question 41

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of a possible abdominal aortic aneurysm.Which of the following abdominal projections would best demonstrate this condition?

A) Dorsal decubitus
B) Left lateral decubitus
C) Right lateral decubitus
D) AP erect

Question 42

A 3-year-old patient comes to radiology for an abdominal study.Even with careful instructions and immobilization,the patient is having difficulty holding still.Which of the following should be done to minimize motion on the radiograph?

A) Increase kV.
B) Decrease SID.
C) Use a shorter exposure time.
D) Ask an older experienced radiographer to hold patient.

Question 43

Where must the CR be centered for an AP supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdominal series?

A) 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest
B) At level of iliac crest
C) Level of umbilicus
D) At level of the axilla

Question 44

Which of the following clinical indications would suggest the need for a dorsal decubitus abdomen position?

A) Aneurysms
B) Umbilical hernias
C) Calcification of the aorta
D) All of the above

Question 45

Where is the CR centered for the left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?

A) Level of iliac crest
B) Xiphoid process
C) 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest
D) 2 inches (5 cm) below iliac crest

Question 46

To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection,the top of the image receptor should be at the approximate level of the:

A) inferior costal margin.
B) jugular notch.
C) xiphoid process.
D) axilla.

Question 47

What CR centering should be used for a dorsal decubitus projection of the abdomen?

A) At level of umbilicus
B) 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest
C) At level of iliac crest
D) Place bottom of cassette at level of ASIS

Question 48

Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a clinical indication for an acute abdominal series?

A) Kidney stone
B) Obstruction
C) Infection
D) Intra-abdominal mass

Question 49

A radiograph of an AP KUB reveals that the obturator foramina are cut off from the bottom of the image.The kidneys and symphysis pubis are demonstrated.What centering adjustments should the technologist make to improve this image?

A) Use two 35 *42 cm (14 *17 inch) cassettes crosswise.
B) Center the cassette 2 inches (5 cm) below the iliac crest.
C) Open up the collimators to include the ischial tuberosities.
D) This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary.

Question 50

Why is the left lateral decubitus preferred over the right lateral decubitus abdomen for an acute abdomen series?

A) It is more comfortable for the patient.
B) Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the spleen.
C) Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin.
D) It allows any gas in the large intestine to move toward the liver.

Question 51

Which of the following kV ranges is recommended for a KUB on an adult?

A) 50 to 60
B) 70 to 80
C) 90 to 100
D) 110 to 120

Question 52

Why is the PA projection of the abdomen less desirable for a KUB than the AP projection?

A) There is an increased gonadal dose with the PA projection.
B) The PA projection is less comfortable for the patient.
C) Kidneys are farther from the image receptor with PA projection.
D) It is not less desirable, but is the radiographer's choice.

Question 53

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP)abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening)of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing.Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome?

A) Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)
B) Rotation to the right (right posterior oblique)
C) CR off center to the left
D) Left hip was internally rotated more than right hip

Question 54

A radiograph of a supine KUB on a hyposthenic patient reveals that the symphysis pubis is cut off along the bottom of the radiograph.The top of the left kidney is also cut off along the top of the radiograph.What modifications does the technologist need to make for the repeat exposure?

A) Center the cassette lower and make the exposure on inspiration.
B) Use two 35 *43 cm (14 *17 inch) cassettes crosswise, one centered lower and the other one higher.
C) Use two 35 *43 cm (14 *17 inch) cassettes lengthwise, one centered lower and one centered higher.
D) Center the cassette higher and use a second smaller cassette to include the bladder region.

Question 55

A patient enters the ED with a possible perforated duodenal ulcer.The patient is ambulatory.Which of the following projections will best demonstrate intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?

A) AP supine
B) Right lateral decubitus
C) Dorsal decubitus
D) Erect PA chest

Question 56

The use of low kV and high mAs is the ideal combination of exposure factors to reduce patient dose.

Question 57

A patient enters the ED with a possible ascites.The patient is ambulatory.Which of the following projections of the abdomen will best demonstrate this condition?

A) AP erect
B) AP supine
C) PA prone
D) PA erect chest

Question 58

Which of the following factors must be observed for an AP erect abdomen projection?

A) Collimate lower border to level of ASIS.
B) Use a higher kV technique.
C) Patient needs to be upright a minimum of 5 minutes before imaging.
D) Increase SID to 72 inches (183 cm) to minimize magnification.

Question 59

A dorsal decubitus abdomen is ordered on a patient.The patient is placed on his back on a cart.The CR will enter the left side of the patient with the patient's right side against the image receptor.What type of marker should be used?

A) Right and decubitus markers
B) Left and decubitus markers
C) Write "dorsal decubitus" on image after processing.
D) Do not use any right or left marker, only a decubitus.

Question 60

A patient is in the intensive care unit after abdominal surgery.The surgeon is concerned about a possible perforated bowel.The patient cannot stand or sit.Which of the following positions will best demonstrate any possible intra-abdominal free air?

A) Right lateral decubitus
B) Dorsal decubitus
C) Ventral decubitus
D) Left lateral decubitus

Question 61

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Jejunum

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 62

An ileus is the formal term for:

A) perforated bowel.
B) bleeding in the abdomen.
C) bowel obstruction.
D) free air in the peritoneal cavity.

Question 63

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Sigmoid colon

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 64

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
C-loop of duodenum

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 65

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Spleen

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 66

The Pigg-O-Stat is recommended for erect abdomen projections on young pediatric patients.

Question 67

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum.The patient is able to stand and lie recumbent.Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition?

A) AP KUB
B) AP erect abdomen
C) Right lateral decubitus
D) Dorsal decubitus

Question 68

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Adrenal glands

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 69

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Transverse colon

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 70

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Urinary bladder

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 71

Which of the following conditions can produce a dynamic bowel obstruction?

A) Fibrous adhesions
B) Crohn's disease
C) Intussusception
D) All of the above

Question 72

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Major abdominal blood vessels (abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava)

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 73

A patient comes to radiology with possible bleeding within the abdomen.The patient is unable to stand or sit for any projections.Which of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid within the abdomen for this patient?

A) AP KUB
B) AP supine chest
C) Right lateral dorsal decubitus
D) Left lateral decubitus

Question 74

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Ascending and descending colon

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 75

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Lower rectum

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 76

Gonadal shielding can be used for a KUB abdomen projection on an adolescent female with possible urinary stones.

Question 77

The most common type of involuntary motion in the abdomen is peristalsis.

Question 78

The lateral abdomen position will best demonstrate the prevertebral region.

Question 79

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Pancreas

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal

Question 80

MATCHING
Identify the following as being either intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, or infraperitoneal structures.
Reproductive organs

A)Intraperitoneal
B)Retroperitoneal
C)Infraperitoneal