Deck 7: Sexual Relationships

Question 1

According to the contemporary Western ideal, the two main factors leading people into sexual relationships are

A) physical attraction and desire for status.
B) physical attraction and romantic love.
C) desire for status and romantic love.
D) conformation to social norms and desire for security.
E) conformation to social norms and desire for children.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A person who considers a "one-night stand" to be morally acceptable is most likely to

A) be male.
B) be female.
C) be pro-life.
D) be over the age of 50.
E) have a high school or lower level of education.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Refer to the figures.
These graphs show the percentage of respondents, by age and education level, who believe that premarital sex is "always wrong" or "almost always wrong." According to these data, which group of people is likely to have the least permissive attitude about casual sex?

A) Twenty-year-olds attending junior college
B) High school graduates in their late twenties
C) College graduates in their thirties and forties
D) High school dropouts in their seventies
E) Eighty-year-olds with master's degrees

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What behavior was prohibited by antimiscegenation statutes?

A) Gay marriage
B) Homosexual behavior
C) Interracial marriage
D) Marriage between Americans and non-Americans
E) Marriage to anyone under the age of 18

Question 5

Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Act applied only to marriage between _______ people and other races, perhaps because of _______.

A) white; the consensus that interracial children would complicate school segregation
B) white; the belief that white people were superior to all other races
C) white; the low rates of marriage across minority groups
D) black; the high percentage of black people living in Virginia
E) black; the high rates of interracial marriage among black people

Question 6

From 1970 to 1990, public disapproval of homosexual sex rose because

A) people became less accepting of sex outside of marriage in general.
B) people began to view sex as appropriate only for purposes of procreation.
C) homosexuals had become more likely to engage in casual sex, and society still had a very traditional perspective.
D) the incidence of AIDS was higher among gay communities, and society viewed homosexuals as responsible for the disease.
E) better treatments for HIV were developed during this time, alleviating the consequences of contracting the infection.

Question 7

According to data from the General Social Survey, since the 1970s public opinion has become

A) more accepting of extramarital relationships.
B) more accepting of sex before marriage.
C) more accepting of sex between young teenagers.
D) less accepting of gay male sex.
E) less accepting of gay female sex.

Question 8

Which statement best describes hooking up on college campuses?

A) Virtually all hookups involve coitus.
B) Most college students hook up several times each week with new partners.
C) The average college student has about one different sexual partner each month
D) Many hookups lead to strong emotional connections.
E) College students typically drink alcohol before hooking up.

Question 9

In the study by Clark and Hatfield, how did college students respond when approached with dating or sexual invitations from attractive strangers?

A) Men were far more willing than women to agree to a date with a stranger.
B) Women were far more willing than men to agree to a date with a stranger.
C) No men agreed to have sex with an attractive stranger.
D) No women agreed to have sex with an attractive stranger.
E) Most women were willing to go to a stranger's apartment, but very few agreed to have sex with a stranger.

Question 10

When first-year college women were interviewed about the benefits of hookups, what was their most common response?

A) They could not think of any benefits.
B) They were fun.
C) They gained a friend.
D) They began dating their hookup.
E) They felt cared for.

Question 11

According to research cited in the textbook, hookup culture on college campuses

A) poses more risks for women than for men.
B) often leads to long-term dating relationships.
C) is less common than it was a generation ago.
D) damages men's reputations.
E) leads to mostly negative feelings for both women and men.

Question 12

Refer to the figure.
The data in the graph show that, for the colleges included in the survey,

A) college-age males prefer females who are virgins to those who are not.
B) college-age females prefer committed relationships more than college-age males do.
C) colleges with a lower percentage of male students have fewer female virgins.
D) colleges with a higher percentage of female students have more male virgins.
E) colleges with fewer female students than male students reported fewer hookups.

Question 13

According to the textbook, some heteroflexible young women engage openly in intimate contact with each other because they

A) feel safer experimenting in public than in private.
B) prefer to hide their heterosexuality in social situations.
C) understand that men are aroused by this type of behavior.
D) are excited by this kind of novel and risky behavior.
E) see it as a way to blend in and avoid the attention of others.

Question 14

Which person could be described as high in sociosexuality?

A) A woman who wants to have sex with her husband at least 5 times each week
B) A woman turned on by having sex in public spaces
C) A woman who is comfortable talking openly about sex
D) A man who has casual sex with a new partner whenever he gets the chance
E) A man who considers sex an important social and moral issue

Question 15

According to the NHSLS study, which group of people has the highest number of sex partners?

A) Men who are unsure of their sexual orientation
B) Women who are unsure of their sexual orientation
C) Gay men
D) Heterosexual men
E) Lesbian women

Question 16

An anthropologist is documenting the rituals individuals use to express sexual interest. Which flirting behavior is she most likely to observe in a woman trying to attract a male partner?

A) Speaking in a high-pitched voice and looking straight into the man's eyes
B) Speaking in a deeper voice and talking about herself frequently
C) Gift giving and offering help
D) Smiling, arching her brows, and looking down and to the side
E) Avoiding physical contact

Question 17

Marco wants to express his interest in Camila. He hopes to establish a long-term relationship. What flirting strategy is most likely to be successful?

A) Sitting or standing especially close to her
B) Touching her frequently
C) Playing hard to get
D) Faking smiles
E) Showing genuine interest and kindness

Question 18

A couple in a long-distance relationship decides that the man will pay for dates when his girlfriend comes to visit him, and the woman will pay for dates when her boyfriend comes to visit her. This decision is an example of

A) an interpersonal script.
B) a traditional sexual script.
C) an intimacy script.
D) empty love.
E) companionate love.

Question 19

How do interpersonal scripts for same-sex relationships compare to scripts for heterosexual relationships?

A) Gay and straight couples have identical interpersonal scripts.
B) Gay men are often more emotionally intimate than heterosexual couples before the first date.
C) Lesbian women are often more emotionally intimate than heterosexual couples before the first date.
D) Gay men are less likely than straight men to communicate directly with partners about sexual desires before having sex.
E) Unlike with heterosexual couples, wealth and resources do not shape expectations in gay and lesbian relationships.

Question 20

Refer to the figure.
This graph shows relationship status by age. According to the graph, at what age is being in a relationship but unmarried most common?

A) Under 16
B) 1620
C) 2026
D) 2630
E) Over 50

Question 21

People who _______ are more satisfied with their relationship, perhaps because ________.

A) begin by hooking up; they begin their relationship with a surge of oxytocin associated with orgasm
B) begin by hooking up; they are following a time-tested sexual script
C) delay having sex; they are more likely to engage in serial monogamy
D) delay having sex; they weed out less-committed partners
E) resemble each other; this have shared interpersonal scripts

Question 22

Which of the following people are practicing serial monogamy?

A) Ainsley, who marries her high school sweetheart and remains faithful for a lifetime.
B) Leo, who dates multiple people at a time until committing to one relationship.
C) Antonio, who dates several different people over time, but stays sexually exclusive during each relationship.
D) Sofia, who avoids hookup culture until graduating from college.
E) Liam, who maintains a long-standing affair with one other person after getting married.

Question 23

Which experience is least likely during the early stages of a romantic relationship?

A) Feeling head over heels in love
B) Infatuation
C) Companionate love
D) Passionate love
E) Romantic love

Question 24

How is love likely to evolve in marriages that are arranged by parents?

A) Companionate love will eventually be replaced by passionate love.
B) Empty love will develop into companionate love.
C) Passionate love will eventually be replaced by mature love.
D) Realistic love will develop into passionate love.
E) Mature love will develop into friendship.

Question 25

What form of love combines high intimacy and commitment with low passion?

A) Romantic
B) Consummate
C) Empty
D) Fatuous
E) Companionate

Question 26

Macy's heart pounds every time she sees her new boyfriend and she lies awake most nights longing to be with him. Although she doesn't know anything about his values, dreams, or history, she convinces him to elope so they can start living together immediately. What type of love is this according to Sternberg's model?

A) Romantic love
B) Empty love
C) Fatuous love
D) Companionate love
E) Consummate love

Question 27

Based on research with voles, which hormone influences pair-bonding?

A) Prolactin
B) Progesterone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Oxytocin
E) Estrogen

Question 28

A genetically engineered mouse produces high levels of oxytocin when fed a specific drug. How is the mouse's sexual behavior likely to change after ingesting the drug, and why?

A) The mouse will form a monogamous relationship because oxytocin drives pair-bonding.
B) The mouse will seek new partners because oxytocin disrupts pair-bonding.
C) The mouse will seek new partners because oxytocin enhances the sex drive.
D) The mouse will form pair-bonds with multiple mates because oxytocin reduces mate recognition.
E) The mouse will lose interest in having sex because oxytocin reduces sexual pleasure.

Question 29

Scientists have used brain imaging to explore the biology of love. Based on that research, which person's brain activity would most closely resemble the brain activity of a man looking at a picture of a woman he loves intensely?

A) A straight man looking at a picture of someone he hooked up with once.
B) A gay man looking at a picture of a gorgeous man.
C) A woman who wants to have children looking at a picture of a baby.
D) A woman looking a picture of her baby.
E) A person craving an addictive drug.

Question 30

According to attachment theory, a woman who is excessively clingy with her intimate partner most likely had a mother who was

A) loving.
B) overprotective.
C) angry.
D) responsive.
E) inconsistent.

Question 31

Elijah's parents were critical, rejecting, and emotionally distant throughout his childhood. How is this likely to play out in his romantic relationships?

A) He will avoid making the same relationship mistakes his parents made.
B) He will be stuck with an avoidant attachment style, which will make him distant and unresponsive.
C) He is likely to have an avoidant attachment style, but can overcome it with positive relationship experiences.
D) He will be stuck with an anxious attachment style and drive his partners away with his need for constant emotional connection.
E) He is likely to have an anxious attachment style, but can overcome it with positive relationship experiences.

Question 32

According to the principle of homogamy, which relationship would be the most likely to fail?

A) A relationship between two people in their early thirties
B) A relationship between two people with similar political beliefs
C) A relationship between two people who attend the same church
D) A relationship between people who work in the same industry
E) A relationship between a young woman and significantly older man

Question 33

According to research on homogamy, which couple is likely to be the most stable?

A) An African-American man and an Asian woman
B) A rich man and a younger woman
C) A Buddhist and a Christian
D) A married man and woman of the same age and race
E) A cohabiting man and woman of the same age but different races

Question 34

Jason just bought a sports car without talking to his wife first. During the argument about it, he says, "I get it. You're angry that I spent all of our savings on a car you didn't want." What is the likely result of this statement?

A) His stonewalling strategy will help her feel more understood and less angry.
B) His stonewalling strategy will trigger her to issue more demands for change.
C) His active-listening strategy will trigger her to issue more demands for change.
D) His active-listening strategy will help her feel more understood and less angry.
E) His active-listening strategy will not help unless he pairs it with practical action.

Question 35

A good predictor of relationship satisfaction is

A) good communication, which allows couples to work through challenges they experience.
B) good communication, which keeps couples from expressing anger.
C) avoiding homogamy, which keeps couples from feeling bored.
D) avoiding homogamy, which helps prevent jealousy.
E) fatuous love, which keeps couples emotionally close.

Question 36

Which communication pattern would a healthy relationship be most likely to utilize?

A) Partners avoid expressing anger while communicating.
B) Discussions involve many more positive interactions than negative ones.
C) When one partner demands change, the other stonewalls.
D) Partners only communicate about issues that can be immediately solved.
E) Partners work out their angry feelings independently, rather than expressing them to each other.

Question 37

Which research-based strategy do the Gottmans suggest for building lasting relationships?

A) Keep your history and fears private to maintain a sense of mystery
B) Keep your face and voice expressionless during disagreements
C) Identify shared values
D) Make sure not to reward a partner's needy behavior with attention
E) Avoid any breaks during disagreements

Question 38

How does sexual satisfaction within a relationship change over time?

A) Most people are more sexually satisfied over time than at the beginning of the relationship.
B) Very few people are sexually satisfied by the third year of a relationship.
C) People who believe in sexual soulmates are more likely to feel satisfied.
D) People who believe sexual satisfaction requires effort and hard work are more likely to feel satisfied.
E) People who continue to have sex frequently are more likely to feel bored by their sexual partner.

Question 39

A man is dissatisfied with the sexual side of his relationship. Which strategy is most likely to be effective?

A) Discussing his lack of satisfaction indirectly with his partner to ensure that he doesn't hurt their feelings
B) Reminding himself that his partner is his soulmate
C) Initiating sex less often so his partner's desire will increase
D) Accepting that he cannot change the sexual side of his relationship, but can strengthen other aspects
E) Actively communicating with his partner about his desire for sexual growth

Question 40

Which situation is most likely to trigger emotional jealousy?

A) A husband knows that his wife has a strong emotional connection with her best friend.
B) A husband catches an acquaintance staring at his wife's body.
C) A woman hears her boyfriend refer to another woman as "hot."
D) A woman knows that her boyfriend and his sister are best friends.
E) A wife frequently hears her husband talking about a close female friend at work.

Question 41

Arne, a student with an anxious attachment style, monitors his girlfriend's activities and friendships by checking her social media pages. What else does anxious attachment make Arne more likely to do?

A) Insist that he and his girlfriend double date with other friends.
B) Check with his girlfriend's roommate when he does not know where his girlfriend is.
C) Choose to spend a lot of time alone listening to music.
D) Introduce all of his friends to his girlfriend.
E) Go to parties to meet new people.

Question 42

A large-scale survey showed that men are less disturbed by a girlfriend's homosexual encounter than a heterosexual encounter, while women are more disturbed by their boyfriends' homosexual encounters. A psychologist would most likely describe these results as evidence that

A) jealousy has an evolutionary component.
B) women internalize stereotypes more deeply than men.
C) people are irrational and cannot trust their partners.
D) young people have different attitudes about sex than older people.
E) women are more heteroflexible than men.

Question 43

"Mate poaching" occurs when

A) couples mutually agree to have sex outside their relationship.
B) both partners make sexual advances to the same person outside the relationship.
C) a person in a relationship receives sexual advances from outside the relationship.
D) a single person receives sexual advances from someone in a relationship.
E) a stalker kills a person's sexual partner to make them available for a relationship.

Question 44

Aiden secretly monitors his girlfriend's phone for evidence she is cheating on him. When he cannot find any evidence, he tears her bedroom apart looking for a second, hidden phone. This is an example of

A) sexual jealousy.
B) delusional jealousy.
C) emotional jealousy.
D) unrequited love.
E) avoidant attachment.

Question 45

Ayesha has been taking her partner for granted lately. After watching another girl flirt with him, she invites him over for a romantic dinner. This is an example of

A) unrequited love.
B) the relationship-preserving effects of jealousy.
C) the demand-stonewalling pattern common in troubled relationships.
D) unhealthy emotional jealousy.
E) unhealthy sexual jealousy.

Question 46

Which person is likely to be hurt most by unrequited love?

A) A prom queen
B) The captain of a football team
C) A valedictorian
D) A man with low self-esteem
E) A girl with a crush on a pop star

Question 47

Refer to the figure.
This bar graph indicates recollections of unrequited love by suitors and rejectors. What conclusion can you draw from this data?

A) Most unrequited love involves secret crushes.
B) Suitors protect themselves from pain by backing off at the first hint of rejection.
C) Suitors may misinterpret or misremember the level of initial romantic interest shown by the person they pursued.
D) Most people make it very clear to suitors that their romantic interest is not reciprocated.
E) In most cases of unrequited love, both suitors and rejectors have similar recollections of events.

Question 48

Which statement accurately describes cybersex?

A) Only about 1 in 1000 people has ever had cybersex.
B) Most people in committed relationships still engage in cybersex.
C) Most people recognize that cybersex is no different from a sexual fantasy.
D) Cybersex is considered cheating by most people who catch their partner engaging in cybersex.
E) Cybersex is rare because the expense makes it difficult to hide from a partner.

Question 49

Refer to the figure.
The bar graph shows the percentage of women and men born between 1943 and 1952 who said they had had more than one new sex partner at different life stages. The blue (left-most) bars show data from before marriage. The orange dotted (center) bars show data during marriage, and the purple striped (right-most) bars show data after marriage. Assuming these data reflect the general population, what conclusion can be drawn from this data?

A) Women are less likely than men to be monogamous throughout their lives.
B) Both men and women have more sex partners before their first marriage than after their first marriage.
C) Neither men nor women are virgins when they get married.
D) Men and women engage in extra-pair sex at the same rate.
E) More men than women engage in non-monogamous relationships.

Question 50

What have twin studies revealed about infidelity?

A) Social factors make any genetic influence on infidelity irrelevant.
B) Genetic factors make any social influence on infidelity irrelevant.
C) Genetic factors influence female infidelity, but not male infidelity.
D) Genetic factors influence male infidelity, but not female infidelity.
E) Genetic factors influence both male and female infidelity.

Question 51

How common is infidelity in committed relationships?

A) Most people in committed relationships do not commit infidelity.
B) About 80 percent of married men have had a physical affair.
C) About 50 percent of married women have had a physical affair.
D) About 1 in 10 children is the result of infidelity.
E) We can't be sure because people won't admit infidelity, even in anonymous surveys.

Question 52

A researcher wants to gather accurate data on cybersex, fantasies, and infidelity. Which method should he use to get the most honest responses?

A) He should conduct face-to-face interviews so he can score the participants' comfort level and gestures.
B) He should conduct face-to-face interviews because participants are more honest when speaking to another person.
C) He should conduct face-to-face interviews because participants will give more detail when speaking to another person.
D) He should let participants enter their responses into a computer because they will be more honest about activities that they consider morally wrong.
E) He should let participants choose how they report data because face-to-face interviews and anonymous surveys produce identical results.

Question 53

Discuss the history of antimiscegenation statutes in the United States. In what ways are the historical debates over interracial marriage relevant to current issues surrounding gay marriage?

Question 54

Describe a typical hookup and the risks and benefits of hooking up in general. Discuss the prevalence of hookups and the factors that have made hookups more common now than in the past.

Question 55

Discuss flirtation signals and responses to those signals in males and females. How does flirtation differ when people are seeking casual encounters versus lasting relationships?

Question 56

Using your knowledge of interpersonal scripts, draft a short guide for both straight and gay young adults entitled, "Dating for Beginners: What to Expect and What Not to Do."

Question 57

A female friend who wants to find a lasting, exclusive relationship wonders if having sex on a first date is likely to interfere with that goal. Based on the research, what would you tell her?

Question 58

Elana and Miguel have been dating for three months. When they're together, they can't keep their hands off each other. When they're apart, they stay up all night talking on the phone about their hopes, dreams, and fears. When Elana unexpectedly gets pregnant, they decide to marry. Analyze their relationship from the perspective of Sternberg's love triangle and make a prediction about how their love will have changed five years into the relationship.

Question 59

Discuss the biological basis for love, including hormones associated with pair-bonding in voles and the brain activity of people in love.

Question 60

Katie and Madison have just started dating. As a child, Katie had parents who were sensitive, consistent, and met all of her emotional needs. Madison had parents who were highly critical and emotionally distant. According to attachment theory, how are their childhood experiences likely to play out in their relationship?

Question 61

When Maria and Jin disagree, Jin responds to Maria's distress by staying silent and showing no emotion or by leaving the room. This upsets Maria more and causes her to yell or cry. Describe this common pattern and the recommendations a couple's therapist would make to improve their communication.

Question 62

Explain the adaptive significance of jealousy for men and women and its positive and negative manifestations in relationships.

Question 63

Outline the negative consequences of unrequited love for both the suitor and the rejector and discuss similarities and differences in the way suitors and rejectors see the experience.

Question 64

Discuss personal and evolutionary factors that influence infidelity.