Question 1

If a claim conflicts with other claims we have good reason to accept, we&#8230;&#10;A) Can accept it provisionally&#10;B) Have no good grounds for doubting it&#10;C) Have good grounds for doubting it&#10;D) Still must accept the claim

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Your background information consists of&#8230;&#10;A) Beliefs that are certain&#10;B) Both well-supported and obviously false beliefs&#10;C) Numerous valid arguments&#10;D) Very well-supported beliefs

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

If a claim conflicts with our background information, we have good reason to&#8230;&#10;A) Accept it&#10;B) Doubt it&#10;C) Reject it&#10;D) Replace it

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

When a claim is neither worthy of outright rejection nor deserving of complete acceptance, we should&#8230;&#10;A) Proportion our belief to the evidence&#10;B) Proportion our belief to background information&#10;C) Tentatively accept it&#10;D) Tentatively reject it

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a claim is neither worthy of...

Question 5

If a claim conflicts with expert opinion, we have good reason to&#8230;&#10;A) Ignore it&#10;B) Reject it&#10;C) Doubt it&#10;D) Go with our own opinion

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a claim conflicts with expert opinion,...

Question 6

We are often justified in believing a claim because&#8230;&#10;A) Most people believe it&#10;B) Experts disagree about it&#10;C) Experts have not accepted it&#10;D) It comes from experts

Accepted Answer

The answer of We are often justified in believing a...

Question 7

When experts disagree about a claim, we have good reason to&#8230;&#10;A) Reject it&#10;B) Believe it&#10;C) Doubt it&#10;D) Dismiss it

Accepted Answer

The answer of When experts disagree about a claim, we...

Question 8

The two most revealing indicators of an expert's reliability are&#8230;&#10;A) Education and popularity&#10;B) Education and lack of conflicts of interest&#10;C) Reputation and training&#10;D) Reputation among peers and professional accomplishments

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two most revealing indicators of an...

Question 9

It is reasonable to accept the evidence provided by personal experience only if&#8230;&#10;A) It is consistent&#10;B) There's no good reason to doubt it&#10;C) We are fallible&#10;D) It is beyond all doubt

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is reasonable to accept the evidence...

Question 10

Experts are more likely to be right than we are because they have mastered particular skills or bodies of knowledge and because&#8230;&#10;A) They practice those skills or use that knowledge as their main occupation in life&#10;B) The information has been checked&#10;C) They are experts&#10;D) They have credentials

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experts are more likely to be right...

Question 11

When we regard a nonexpert as an expert, we &#8230;&#10;A) Certify that expert's credentials&#10;B) Rely on the true expert&#10;C) Fall into the fallacy of available evidence&#10;D) Fall into the fallacious appeal to authority

Accepted Answer

The answer of When we regard a nonexpert as an...

Question 12

Personal experience, although generally reliable, is&#8230;&#10;A) Infallible&#10;B) Difficult to quantify&#10;C) Not trustworthy&#10;D) Not infallible

Accepted Answer

The answer of Personal experience, although generally reliable, is&#8230;&#10;A) Infallible&#10;B)...

Question 13

Eyewitness testimony is&#8230;&#10;A) Unorthodox&#10;B) Authoritative&#10;C) Reliable&#10;D) Unreliable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eyewitness testimony is&#8230;&#10;A) Unorthodox&#10;B) Authoritative&#10;C) Reliable&#10;D) Unreliable...

Question 14

Other things being equal, the more background information a claim conflicts with, the more reason we have to&#8230;&#10;A) Revise our background information&#10;B) Believe it&#10;C) Doubt it&#10;D) Try to prove it

Accepted Answer

The answer of Other things being equal, the more background...

Question 15

We fall into a fallacious appeal to authority when we&#8230;&#10;A) Judge the authority's credentials to be good&#10;B) Respect science and its methods&#10;C) Think that just because someone is an expert in one field, he or she is necessarily an expert in another&#10;D) Doubt the results of a scientific study

Accepted Answer

The answer of We fall into a fallacious appeal to...

Question 16

Bias on the part of an expert is a chief reason for . . .&#10;A) Rejecting everything the expert has said&#10;B) Accepting the expert's claims&#10;C) Doubting that expert&#10;D) The availability error

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bias on the part of an expert...

Question 17

The error of thinking that previous events can affect the probabilities in the random event at hand is known as&#8230;&#10;A) The gambler's fallacy&#10;B) The availability error&#10;C) The bias fallacy&#10;D) The appeal to ignorance

Accepted Answer

The answer of The error of thinking that previous events...

Question 18

Usually, experts err because they depart from investigating and explaining the facts and jump to trying to&#8230;&#10;A) Undermine the facts&#10;B) Predict the facts&#10;C) Manipulate the facts&#10;D) Understand the facts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Usually, experts err because they depart from...

Question 19

A tricky thing about perception is that we often perceive&#8230;&#10;A) What we don't expect to see&#10;B) What others expect us to perceive&#10;C) Objects that are actually there&#10;D) Exactly what we expect to perceive

Accepted Answer

The answer of A tricky thing about perception is that...

Question 20

Any event, even one that seems shockingly improbable, is actually&#8230;&#10;A) Highly probable in the short term&#10;B) Unlikely to occur when we expect it to&#10;C) Is unprecedented&#10;D) Very probable over the long haul

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any event, even one that seems shockingly...

Question 21

What are the indicators that someone is likely to be a true expert?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the indicators that someone is...

Question 22

How can the post hoc fallacy lead someone to serious harm?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can the post hoc fallacy lead...

Question 23

How can someone be misled by coincidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can someone be misled by coincidence?...

Question 24

What is the fallacious appeal to authority? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacious appeal to authority?...

Question 25

Why shouldn't we accept a claim that conflicts with our background information or with expert opinion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why shouldn't we accept a claim that...

Deck 7: Experts and Evidence