Deck 6: Democracy and Democratization

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of definition of democracy?

A) Procedural
B) Minimal
C) Transitional
D) Substantive

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following would be an example of "direct democracy"?

A) An assembly of citizens deliberating
B) A plebiscite or referendum
C) Neither (a) nor (b)
D) Both (a) and (b)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the name given to the initial shift from an authoritarian to a democratic regime?

A) Deauthoritarianization
B) Democratic transition
C) Democratic consolidation
D) Democrifying

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the name given to the increasing strength and stability of a democratic regime after a democratic transition?

A) Deauthoritarianization
B) Democratic transition
C) Democratic consolidation
D) Democrifying

Question 5

Who is most closely associated with traditional "modernization theory" in the study of democracy?

A) Seymour Martin Lipset
B) Philip Seymour Hoffman
C) Guillermo O'Donnell
D) Nigel Tufnel

Question 6

Which would not likely be found in a consolidated democracy?

A) Revolt by losing party
B) Free contesting of ideas
C) Frequent change in government
D) Stable regime

Question 7

What do Political Scientists mean when they describe a country's regime?

A) The Divine Right of Kings
B) It emphasizes elections open to everyone
C) Participation and social inclusion coordinated through collective action.
D) A form or type of governmental system, emphasizing rules and institutions.

Question 8

Which of the following countries would most likely be defined as democratic?

A) South Africa
B) China
C) Cuba
D) Russia

Question 9

Freedom of speech and free and fair elections are most often associated with:

A) Political Rights and Civil Liberties
B) Procedural Democracy
C) Theocratic Regimes
D) Both a and b

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the current regime of the United States?

A) Democratic executive
B) Constitutional Republic
C) Republican legislature
D) Socialist congress

Question 11

The most used common distinction between definitions of democracy is between __________ and __________ definitions.

A) Provisional, supportive
B) Qualitative, quantitative
C) Normative, theoretical
D) Procedural, substantive

Question 12

Which of the following is not a current classification of democracy as used by the NGO Freedom House?

A) Not free
B) Partly free
C) Mostly free
D) Free

Question 13

The procedural definition of democracy:

A) Emphasizes the minimal standards for democracy in a country
B) Deals exclusively with political rights in a country
C) Varies by region
D) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is not a civil liberty considered central to democracy?

A) Freedom of speech
B) Freedom to own firearms
C) Freedom of the press
D) Freedom of assembly

Question 15

Which document set an international standard by enumerating civil liberties for individuals?

A) Bill of Rights
B) Magna Carta
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Declaration of Independence

Question 16

A system in which people have relative freedoms to voice their grievances but no right to elect their government officials would be considered:

A) Democratic
B) Theocratic
C) Socialist
D) Non-democratic

Question 17

Which of the following could be considered an element of a substantive definition of democracy?

A) Gender equality
B) Public participation
C) Social inclusion
D) All of the above

Question 18

Proponents of a ___________ definition of democracy might argue that "countries can always undergo further democratization and that the question of democracy is not restricted to whether countries meet a minimum threshold."

A) Evolving
B) Substantive
C) Qualitative
D) Procedural

Question 19

Democratization is specifically defined as:

A) The formal passing of a Bill of Rights
B) The process of a government transition
C) The process of a regime becoming more democratic
D) Successive free elections

Question 20

The process through which a new democratic order becomes institutionalized is called:

A) Direct Democracy
B) Transition
C) Democratization
D) Consolidation

Question 21

Which country would be an example of a constitutional monarchy?

A) France
B) United Kingdom
C) United States
D) Germany

Question 22

Multiparty democracies require:

A) Frequent elections
B) At least two parties competing for power
C) Voting rights for all of-age citizens
D) All of the above

Question 23

According to the views of representative democracies, which of the following would not be a reasonable limit to civil liberties?

A) Illegality of religious ritual sacrifice of humans
B) Illegality of opposition party activity
C) Illegality of private ownership of WMDs
D) Illegality of publication of confidential national security information

Question 24

What is a referendum?

A) A congressional mandate
B) The process that precedes an impeachment
C) A popular vote on a specific issue
D) A written testament to a candidate's skills and abilities

Question 25

Referendums, citizen assemblies, and community councils can all considered part of:

A) Direct democracy
B) Democratization
C) Representative democracy
D) Minimal definition of democracy

Question 26

Democratic consolidation in Brazil could be best described as:

A) Radically reversing itself
B) Seemingly well underway
C) Never began
D) Brazil has a fully authoritarian regime

Question 27

The theory that traces democracy to broad social changes and economic development is known as:

A) Growth-based development theory
B) Democratization theory
C) Modernization theory
D) Consolidation theory

Question 28

The idea that economic development leads to the creation of a strong middle class, which in turn promotes democratization and democratic stability is attributed to which academic?

A) Samuel Huntington
B) Nigel Tufnel
C) Seymour Martin Lipset
D) Amartya Sen

Question 29

Culture is best described as:

A) Regional
B) Personal
C) Dynamic
D) Stagnant

Question 30

During what period in the twentieth century did major international powers focus more on security around the world than on the promotion of democracy?

A) The Great Depression
B) The Gilded Age
C) The Civil Rights era
D) The Cold War

Question 31

Samuel Huntington observes that democracy:

A) Has come in waves throughout history
B) Is impossible to establish is certain regions
C) Can only develop effectively when developed gradually
D) Is the only viable option for economic growth

Question 32

Democratic transitions in the 1970s and 1980s were predominantly located in what regions?

A) Latin America, southern Europe, and Central-Eastern Europe
B) Western Europe, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa
C) North Africa, Southeastern Asia, and Latin America
D) Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Central-Eastern Europe

Question 33

According to Guillermo O'Donnell and co-authors, democratic transitions often depend upon some form of collaboration between "soft-liners" and which of the following?

A) Hardliners
B) Maximalists
C) Pragmatists
D) Radicals

Question 34

These scholars argue that economic development shapes political institutions through culture.

A) Huntington and Lipset
B) Inglehart and Welzel
C) O'Donnell, Schmitter, and Whitehead
D) Sen and Rodrik

Question 35

What is the main difference between the theories of democratization provided by Lipset and by O'Donnell and his collaborators?

Question 36

How does the work of Inglehart and Welzel relate to this debate about modernization and democracy?

Question 37

Why don't all political scientists agree precisely about what democracy is and how to measure it?

Question 38

What is the principle difference between procedural and substantive definitions of democracy?

Question 39

Can a democracy be both "direct" and "representative"? Why or why not?

Question 40

What is the difference between democratic transition and democratic consolidation?

Question 41

Which is more important, transition or consolidation?

Question 42

What would proponents of the idea that actors help to produce democratization say about traditional modernization theory?

Question 43

Do Inglehart and Welzel reconcile modernization and political culture theories of democracy? Why or why not?

Question 44

Are all democracies equally democratic?

Question 45

What do you think is the best way to measure differences in democratic quality?

Question 46

What are the main causes of climate change and how can they be addressed?

Question 47

Lipset and the team of Inglehart and Welzel believe that economic development and democracy are linked, but they disagree as to the nature of this linkage. Articulate each argument and explain what we would need to do to figure out which of the three views is best.

Question 48

Some scholars, like Lipset, stress economic and structural forces in their account of democracy. Others, like O'Donnell and Schmitter, stress coalitions and actors. Can you reconcile these two sorts of theories?

Question 49

If India is poor and still a democracy, does this disprove modernization theory? Why or why not? Note: To answer this question well you need to first explain modernization theory and its implications in some detail.