Deck 3: Genetics, Epigenetics and Early Life Development

Question 1

In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called ______ look the same in both males and females.

A) chromosomes
B) autosomes
C) allosomes
D) none of these

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is composed of nucleotides deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases?

A) Allosomes
B) Autosomes
C) DNA
D) None of these

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The ______ is the part of the individual's genetic makeup which determines their potential characteristics.

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) genotype and phenotype
D) neither

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research by Polderman et al. (2015) found that across all traits the reported heritability was ______%.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 49
D) 52

Question 5

The findings of genome-wide association studies have been ______.

A) promising with consistent and replicable findings
B) disappointing. There is a lack of consistency in findings across studies.
C) promising, the amount of variance explained in traits or diseases is very high.
D) disappointing. There is much consistently in findings across studies.

Question 6

According to the National Society of Genetic Counsellors (NSGC, 2017), meeting with a genetic counsellor is beneficial in cases where a person or close relative has experienced ______.

A) a genetic mutation confirmed in a family member
B) triple negative breast cancer
C) aggressive form of prostate cancer (Gleason grade 7 or higher)
D) all of these

Question 7

______ is the study of heritable changes caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.

A) Heritability
B) Genetics
C) Genotype research
D) Epigenetics

Question 8

Within the ______, epigenetics are involved in various neurodegenerative disorders and physiological responses such as Alzheimer's disease, depression and epilepsy.

A) immune system
B) endocrine system
C) central nervous system
D) none of these

Question 9

Intergenerational transmission to offspring from parental exposures and characteristics can be ______ the general links that occur between parental problems and offspring outcomes (Bowers and Yehuda, 2015).

A) less specific than
B) similar to
C) more specific than
D) related to

Question 10

Maltreatment during childhood is associated with reduced volume of both the midsaggital area and hippocampus, two brain regions involved in ______.

A) learning
B) memory
C) intelligence
D) both learning and memory