Deck 10: Social Work and Sexual and Gender Diversity by Edward Ou Jin Lee and Shari Brotman

Question 1

________ includes individuals whose physical sex/gender assigned at birth does not align with their gender expression.

A) Transgender
B) Cisgender
C) Gender non-conforming
D) Intersex
E) Transsexual

Answer 1

C

Question 2

________ refers to individuals who understand their gender identity and physical sex as aligned.

A) Cisgender
B) Heterosexual
C) Intersex
D) Asexual
E) Homosexual

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ is an umbrella term used for people who are part of the group whose sexual and gender identity or expression differ from the majority of surrounding society.

A) Trans
B) Queer
C) Cissexual
D) Sexual and gender minority
E) Genderqueer

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Many of the laws against same-gender sexual activity in various African and Asian countries originated from ________.

A) Indigenous customs
B) homophobic cultural beliefs in these countries
C) British and other European colonial rules
D) local traditions
E) South Asian religious practices

Question 5

Before colonial contact, many First Nations in Canada ________ sexual and gender difference.

A) did not understand
B) suppressed
C) ignored
D) tolerated
E) affirmed

Question 6

In Indigenous communities, ________ was a term used to identify people who had both male and female spirits.

A) intersex
B) bisexual
C) transgender
D) two-spirited
E) cissexual

Question 7

In the late nineteenth century, British settlers transported notions of ________ to Canada.

A) gender and sexual fluidity
B) sexual liberation
C) gender conformity and heterosexuality
D) polygamy
E) same-gender sexuality

Question 8

Under colonial rule in the late nineteenth century, ________ emerged as a term to label sexual and gender difference as both sinful and deviant.

A) queer
B) homosexuality
C) bisexuality
D) gay
E) gender dysphoria

Question 9

Through the ________, social workers were complicit in pathologizing same-gender sexuality and destroying the acceptance of two-spirited people within First Nations.

A) Same-Gender Sexuality Act
B) Indian Education Act
C) two-spirited social reform policy
D) Indian residential school system
E) Canadian Immigration Act

Question 10

The gay liberation movement emerged in the ________.

A) 1970s
B) 1960s
C) 1950s
D) 1980s
E) 1990s

Question 11

In 2013, ________ was included as prohibited grounds of discrimination in the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA) and as a relevant factor in hate crimes sentencing under the Criminal Code.

A) gender expression
B) sexuality
C) sexual identity
D) gender performance
E) gender identity

Question 12

________ refers to the irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people.

A) Transphobia
B) Microaggression
C) Cissexism
D) Homophobia
E) Heterosexuality

Question 13

TSLGBTQ people experience ________ when their experiences are excluded or negated.

A) microinvalidation
B) microinsults
C) microattacks
D) microdismissals
E) microassaults

Question 14

________ involves complex and often hidden social processes, relations, and practices embedded within policies, institutions, and laws that favour some groups within society over others.

A) Institutional power
B) Structural violence
C) Intergroup violence
D) Intersectional power
E) Structural power

Question 15

In the context of social work practice, ________ is a key facet of intersectionality.

A) lateral intersectionality
B) political intersectionality
C) organizational intersectionality
D) cultural intersectionality
E) social intersectionality

Question 16

________ occurs when the burdens faced by a specific group of multiply marginalized people result in particular systemic discriminatory practices within the realms of housing, employment, immigration, and health care.

A) Political intersectionality
B) Microassault
C) Structural intersectionality
D) Microaggression
E) Social intersectionality

Question 17

"Intersectionality" is best described as ________.

A) an intervention tool that can only be used with TSLGBTQ people
B) an additive approach to understanding oppression
C) a theoretical framework that highlights the ways in which systems of oppression intersect with each other
D) a philosophical approach that demonstrates how some social locations are more oppressed than others
E) a conceptual tool that suggests that power and social location are related and fixed

Question 18

Understanding social location allows us to ________.

A) see how multiple oppressions add up
B) conceptualize identity as fixed
C) see how different group affiliations and positions intersect and operate
D) analyze different forms of oppression individually
E) identify all forms of oppression that affect an individual

Question 19

The process of "coming out" is something that ________.

A) ensures TSLGBTQ people's access to power
B) all TSLGBTQ people experience
C) represents the final stage to healthy and positive well-being
D) is needed in order to overcome internalized homophobia/transphobia
E) is fluid, flexible, and context specific

Question 20

________ family structures play a large role in the lives of many Indigenous and racialized TSLGBTQ people.

A) Extended
B) Nuclear
C) Cultural
D) Biological
E) Chosen

Question 21

________ is a term used to describe support networks that do not consist of people within a person's family of origin.

A) Extended family
B) Nuclear family
C) Cultural family
D) Chosen family
E) Associative family

Question 22

In major urban centres, the "gay village" is a space that is often dominated by ________.

A) cisgender queer people of colour
B) cisgender gay men of colour
C) white trans people
D) trans and queer women
E) cisgender gay white men

Question 23

Engaging in reflexivity provides social workers the space to consider how ________.

A) to eliminate institutional power
B) their institutional power and social location shape their practice
C) to shift towards an indifference model of practice
D) to identify TSLGBTQ people who are disproportionately oppressed
E) their social location is immutable

Question 24

Until recently, most knowledge concerning the health and social service needs and experiences of TSLGBTQ people concentrated on ________.

A) HIV prevention and treatment
B) depression
C) social isolation
D) substance abuse
E) prejudicial violence

Question 25

The inclusion of gender dysphoria within the DSM as a psychiatric disorder is an example of how ________.

A) heterosexism is embedded within health-care and social services
B) transgender identity is accepted as normal within health-care and social services
C) trans people are recognized and supported within health-care and social services
D) homophobia is embedded within health-care and social services
E) cissexism is embedded within health-care and social services

Question 26

________, including education, income distribution, and social exclusion, shape queer and trans people's access to health-care and social services.

A) Social relations of health
B) Social determinants of health
C) Social forces of health
D) Social impediments of health
E) Social barriers of health

Question 27

"Transitioning" refers to the process through which ________.

A) people become allies to trans people
B) trans people create support networks outside of their family of origin
C) trans people start to move away from their gender assigned at birth
D) trans people become liberated from oppression
E) trans people overcome internalized transphobia

Question 28

In order to access health-care insurance coverage for hormone-replacement therapy and trans-specific surgery, trans people must be diagnosed as having ________.

A) gender dysphoria
B) gender incongruence disorder
C) sexual identity disorder
D) gender identity confusion
E) gender misalignment disorder

Question 29

The statement "________" is true of HIV.

A) HIV is the same thing as AIDS
B) There is little social stigma around HIV
C) People living with HIV do not experience discrimination
D) Anyone can become infected with HIV
E) There is no treatment for HIV

Question 30

In most urban settings, HIV health and social services are mostly targeted to ________.

A) queer people of colour
B) trans women
C) gay cisgender men
D) Indigenous TSLGBTQ people
E) queer migrants

Question 31

TSLGBTQ older adults ________.

A) are often well supported in health-care and social service settings
B) rarely fear prejudice
C) never experience age-related bias in health-care settings
D) always arrive in the health-care system before experiencing serious health complications
E) often hide their sexual and/or gender identity as a survival strategy

Question 32

Queer and trans youth in residential care often ________.

A) experience a strong sense of community
B) find safe spaces where they can explore their sexual and/or gender identity
C) experience social isolation
D) get the support they need from staff
E) feel validated

Question 33

Social location includes one's ________.

A) gender identity
B) race
C) ability
D) sexual identity
E) all of the above

Question 34

________ represents a major barrier that queer and trans people experience across health-care and social service settings.

A) Invisibility
B) Ambivalence
C) Tolerance
D) Inconsistency
E) Solidarity

Question 35

Health-care and social service settings often operate from ________ toward queer and trans people.

A) a difference model
B) an anti-oppressive framework
C) a structural perspective
D) an indifference model
E) a sociosystemic model

Question 36

Adopting ________ in practice can help practitioners in developing context-specific strategies to ensure respect, trust, or a therapeutic alliance with queer and trans people.

A) structuralism
B) a systemic analysis
C) intersectionality
D) institutional power
E) an indifference model

Question 37

When working with TSLGBTQ people, social workers should avoid ________.

A) affirming how people self-identify
B) questioning TSLGBTQ people's experiences of heterosexism and cissexism
C) stating that their office is a safe space
D) posting visual materials that represent TSLGBTQ people
E) asking about the degree to which people participate in TSLGBTQ communities

Question 38

________ countries have unequal ages of consent for same-gender sexual activity and heterosexual acts.

A) 16
B) none
C) 2
D) 5
E) 7

Question 39

Institutional power is ________.

A) the power an institution has relative to other institutions
B) the power a practitioner holds within an institution based on their position and social location
C) the power TSLGBTQ people experience within the institutions they access
D) the power a practitioner possesses upon leaving an institution
E) the power embedded within institutional structures

Question 40

Social workers foster affirming spaces for TSLGBTQ people by ________.

A) not making assumptions about sexual/gender identity
B) encouraging the coming out process
C) disclosing their own sexual/gender identity to facilitate trust
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 41

The benefits of "coming out" are ________.

A) being challenged by some scholars and activists
B) well documented in the literature
C) a sign of healthy identity formation
D) none of the above
E) all of the above

Question 42

Out of 124 United Nations member states, ________ criminalize same-gender sexual activity.

A) 72
B) 45
C) 16
D) 22
E) none

Question 43

If an intake form asks people to identify as male or female, it can be said to be an example of ________.

A) cissexism
B) heterosexism
C) discrimination
D) neutrality
E) stigma

Question 44

In ________, only Canadian citizens may change their name and gender marker.

A) Quebec
B) Ontario
C) Alberta
D) Nova Scotia
E) Yukon

Question 45

________ is a key aspect of collective empowerment.

A) Social workers taking control over the issues that affect TSLGBTQ people
B) TSLGBTQ people valuing and trusting the power of practitioners
C) Social workers using their power to heal TSLGBTQ people
D) Fostering spaces for TSLGBTQ people to have control over issues that affect them
E) Empowering TSLGBTQ people to think more collaboratively

Question 46

An individual whose physical sex/gender assigned at birth differs from their gender identity may identify as transgender.

Question 47

The death penalty is not applied to consensual sexual acts between adults of the same gender in any country.

Question 48

All queer and trans people are impacted by legislation related to sexual and gender identity in the same way.

Question 49

Homophobia is a global phenomenon.

Question 50

Social location is always self-defined.

Question 51

The term "queer" is derogatory and should not be used.

Question 52

Before colonial contact, two-spirited identity within First Nations communities had the same meaning as the term "sexual and gender minority."

Question 53

Before colonial contact, many First Nations communities had flexible marriage laws, including same-gender marriage.

Question 54

More United Nations member states have laws that criminalize same-gender sexual activity than have workplace anti-discrimination laws.

Question 55

In the early twentieth century, the criminalization of consensual homosexuality was used to target two-spirited people and racialized men from Asia.

Question 56

Since the passing of same-gender marriage legislation in 2006 in Canada, TSLGBTQ people have achieved legal and social equality.

Question 57

Microaggression is an umbrella term for intentional forms of discrimination.

Question 58

The violence that many queer and trans people experience often stems from heterosexism and cissexism.

Question 59

The homophobia and transphobia that exist in Canada can be largely attributed to the growth in immigrant communities.

Question 60

In Quebec, one cannot change one's name or gender marker unless one is a Canadian citizen.

Question 61

Intersectionality takes an additive approach to understanding oppression.

Question 62

A microaggression is an intentional act that communicates hostility.

Question 63

A person's experience of marginalization is based on the sum of their various identities.

Question 64

Intersectionality sheds light onto how systems of oppression intersect, resulting in a complex set of relations of power.

Question 65

A person's various group affiliations intersect and operate at different levels, resulting in differential access to social power and privilege.

Question 66

A person's identity and social location are fixed and immutable.

Question 67

Basic categorical definitions of people and identities, prominently used in health-care and social services, are inadequate and limit the potential for agency.

Question 68

"Coming out" is best understood as a process that is fluid, flexible, and context specific.

Question 69

Sexual and gender diversity has historically been socially defined within medical terms as a mental disorder.

Question 70

Since the removal of homosexuality as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), heterosexism has been nearly absent in health-care and social service settings.

Question 71

In most urban settings, there are many HIV support and treatment services that are specifically geared towards trans people living with HIV.

Question 72

Most health-care and social service policies are developed with the assumption that the service user is heterosexual and/or cissexual.

Question 73

The "indifference model" used by many health-care and social services ensures that everyone's needs are met fairly and adequately.

Question 74

The most supportive attitude toward sexual and gender diversity is tolerance.

Question 75

A person's gender expression always matches their gender identity.

Question 76

The term "homosexual" has historically been used to pathologize TSLGBTQ people.

Question 77

Everyone in Canada has access to the legal and institutional services they need to file a human rights complaint.

Question 78

Sexual identity and sexual behaviour are always aligned.

Question 79

In 2017, the Canadian government passed a Bill to protect Canadians from discrimination based on gender identity and expression.

Question 80

Why might TSLGBTQ people still experience violence, discrimination, and persecution in countries that have legalized same-gender sexual activity and marriage, and which have human rights legislation?