Deck 5: Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Critics of Rachel Dolezal claimed she engaged in ______.

A) racism
B) cultural appropriation
C) discrimination
D) ethnocentrism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which social construct is based on perceived characteristics like hair texture, skin color and facial features?

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Creed
D) Type

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Cultural and language differences, and shared experiences make up differences in ______.

A) race
B) creed
C) ethnicity
D) type

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Donald argues that a person's appearance locks them permanently into a race or ethnicity. Donald is espousing ______.

A) ethnic determinism
B) essentialism
C) racial permanence
D) prejudice

Question 5

The fact that Greeks have NOT always been considered "white" illustrates a flaw in ______.

A) cultural bias
B) ethnicity
C) racism
D) essentialism

Question 6

Why was the concept of race constructed?

A) The concept of race was constructed to support slavery.
B) It was used to categorize people, just like other animals.
C) Race was constructed to get revenge on aggressive African empires.
D) It was a way of controlling immigration from Southern Europe.

Question 7

Nicholas felt a kinship with Gavrilo and tried to help him out of trouble because their native languages are similar. On what basis did Nicholas help Gavrilo?

A) Ethnicity
B) Race
C) Sexual orientation
D) Gender

Question 8

Race is a ______ because it changes over time and has real consequences.

A) biological reality
B) theoretical construction
C) social construction
D) fixed status

Question 9

How do social conditions in Brazil support the idea that race is NOT biological?

A) Brazil outlaws discrimination based on skin color or hair texture.
B) All people today can be genetically traced to a man from Africa.
C) People in Brazil can choose whichever race they want.
D) A Brazilian is considered "more white" if they gain wealth.

Question 10

Guy Hebert identifies more with his French ancestry, so he pronounces his name "Gee Abear." This illustrates the subjective nature of ______.

A) race
B) ethnicity
C) essentialism
D) language

Question 11

When John F. Kennedy was running for president, some people opposed him because he was Catholic. Which view would JFK's opponents most likely share?

A) Racism
B) Essentialism
C) Islamophobia
D) Papalism

Question 12

Aurelio Lopez was a baseball player born in Mexico. An essentialist would consider his race to be ______, and his ethnicity as ______.

A) Mexican; Mexican
B) Mexican; Hispanic
C) Hispanic; Mexican
D) Hispanic; Hispanic

Question 13

Spencer Wells found that, not only is race not a biological concept, but that all humans today share a common male ancestor in Africa about ______ years ago.

A) 2 million
B) 600,000
C) 80,000
D) 60,000

Question 14

Despite the fact that race is a social construct, it has real consequences for those labeled, according to the ______.

A) Thomas principle
B) social construction theory
C) conflict theory
D) symbolic interactionism theory

Question 15

Which group has the highest average income and education attainment?

A) Asian Americans
B) African-Americans
C) White Americans
D) Hispanic Americans

Question 16

______ is the organized system of race-based group privilege that operates on every level of society.

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) racism
D) sexism

Question 17

What happened to the number of assaults against Muslims in the U.S. after the election of 2016?

A) They declined dramatically.
B) Rates stayed consistent.
C) There was a sharp increase.
D) Very few assaults occurred.

Question 18

Immigration from where to the United States was banned from 1882 to 1943?

A) Africa
B) China
C) Japan
D) Brazil

Question 19

What is a form of fear and hatred of Muslims that has recently influenced American government policy?

A) Racism
B) Islamophobia
C) Bigotry
D) Sexism

Question 20

Which false belief about American society supports racism and sexism?

A) Meritocracy
B) Ethnic inequality
C) Stereotypes
D) Plutocracy

Question 21

It is difficult to study racism because many people will alter their responses to questions due to ______.

A) conspiracy theories
B) confirmation bias
C) social desirability bias
D) oppression

Question 22

How did researchers obtain unbiased data to compare with voting rates for presidential candidate Barack Obama?

A) They compared Google searches using racial slurs with voting patterns.
B) They used data from Alexa and Google Home listening devices.
C) Researchers assumed that voters in the Deep South would not vote for Obama.
D) Membership in white nationalist groups was compared to voting results.

Question 23

What about Google searches makes the data from them more honest and reliable?

A) They are public knowledge even when people delete their browser history.
B) These searches are usually made in privacy with no pressure to look good socially.
C) Google compares search history with browser preferences and social media profiles.
D) The data is sold to customers who do not tolerate inaccurate results.

Question 24

Research correlating racist search terms and voting results showed that Barack Obama lost ______ of the popular vote in 2008 and 2012 in areas with the most racist searches.

A) 20%
B) 11%
C) 8%
D) 4%

Question 25

Who was the first African-American to earn a doctorate from Harvard, and became a sociologist and influential writer?

A) Frederick Douglass
B) Booker T. Washington
C) George Washington Carver
D) W. E. B. DuBois

Question 26

W. E. B. DuBois predicted that "the color line" would be the biggest problem of the 20th century in his book ______.

A) The Souls of Black Folks
B) Native Son
C) The Crisis
D) I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

Question 27

What did DuBois mean by double consciousness?

A) White people have to think about being white and American.
B) African-Americans have to be both black and American.
C) People have to deal with conscious and unconscious biases.
D) Black people have to deal with covert and overt racism.

Question 28

Why did DuBois invent the concept of the hyphenated American?

A) He did not want black people to be assimilated or separated.
B) The term African-American caused people to admit they were American.
C) Double consciousness was not catching on, and he thought this would help.
D) He wanted to provide an identity beyond that of former slave.

Question 29

In 1899, DuBois published a groundbreaking major sociological study of an African-American community, studying blacks in ______.

A) Selma
B) Philadelphia
C) Atlanta
D) Boston

Question 30

How does the American Sociological Association honor the contributions of W. E. B. DuBois?

A) Scholarships are provided to African-Americans interested in sociology in his name.
B) The ASA financially supports historically black colleges in his honor.
C) Their highest award is the W.E.B. DuBois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award.
D) His books and studies are required reading for all sociology degrees and certifications.

Question 31

Which method was used by Du Bois to assess the situation of African-Americans at the turn of the twentieth century?

A) Surveys
B) Interviews
C) Experiments
D) Participant observation

Question 32

Peggy McIntosh described white privilege as a set of tools that go unnoticed in a sort of ______.

A) invisible knapsack
B) weightless backpack
C) dominance badge
D) unearned medallion

Question 33

When Jared gets hired in a new job, he can be sure none of his coworkers think he got hired due to affirmative action. Jared is most likely ______.

A) black
B) Asian
C) Hispanic
D) white

Question 34

At the conclusion of an interview, a reporter congratulated Hispanic baseball star Miguel for being well-spoken and articulate. Why is this considered an example of white privilege?

A) White athletes are always congratulated for their ability to speech coherently.
B) Non-white athletes are not expected to be able to express themselves clearly.
C) The reporter likely makes more money than the athlete and feels superior.
D) The reporter was just joking around with Miguel because they are close friends.

Question 35

Why is Tom Brady never called a "credit to his race" for his success in football?

A) Everyone assumes white players are the most talented football players.
B) His white privilege means he does not have to represent all white people.
C) He refuses to be labeled by the color of his skin, and rejects racism.
D) He is from California, and represents all people from there instead.

Question 36

Becky can see people of her race widely represented on television, in roles such as lawyers, doctors, and government officials. Becky is most likely ______.

A) African-American
B) Asian-American
C) Hispanic-American
D) white

Question 37

Brock can go to a college party and even drink some alcohol without being concerned about being raped. This is an example of ______.

A) white privilege
B) male privilege
C) black privilege
D) college privilege

Question 38

Simon is reluctant to bring his husband to a work party because he is worried about how his coworkers will react. Simon does NOT have ______.

A) homosexual privilege
B) white privilege
C) heterosexual privilege
D) male privilege

Question 39

A negative attitude toward a person because of their membership in a particular group is known as ______.

A) discrimination
B) racism
C) prejudice
D) hatred

Question 40

Taking action to treat someone a particular way due to their membership in a group, whether the action is positive or negative, is considered ______.

A) racism
B) discrimination
C) hatred
D) prejudice

Question 41

The broad dislike of Jewish people seen under Nazi Germany is an example of ______.

A) anti-Semitism
B) Islamophobia
C) racism
D) essentialism

Question 42

David wants to ban immigration from any country with a majority Muslim population. This is an example of ______.

A) discrimination
B) racism
C) authoritarianism
D) hypocrisy

Question 43

According to Adorno, what kind of personality makes extremely hateful events like the Holocaust more likely?

A) Introverted, because many people have to tacitly agree for a genocide to occur.
B) Authoritative, because this personality seeks to convince others that they are right.
C) Type A, because this personality is driven to extremes to make sure all agree.
D) Authoritarian, because this personality tends to rigidly follow the rules or orders

Question 44

Why do most sociologists reject Adorno's personality theory?

A) It seems implausible for the majority of a population to share a personality.
B) Most personality theories are rejected due to Freud's unscientific research.
C) The tendency to be prejudiced or anti-Semitic is not a personality trait.
D) It would be impossible to give personality tests everyone in a population.

Question 45

Mitch has a negative prejudice against immigrants because he is worried that one will take his job picking cabbages. This is an example of ______.

A) realistic conflict theory
B) conflict theory
C) prejudicial conflict theory
D) contact theory

Question 46

Lawrence Bobo posited which theory to explain why groups become prejudiced against one another?

A) Authoritarian personality theory
B) Realistic conflict theory
C) Contact theory
D) Competition theory

Question 47

Who created experiments to test isolation and conflict between groups and how constructive contact can create positive emotions?

A) Lawrence Bobo
B) W. E. B. DuBois
C) Muzafer Sherif
D) Peggy McIntosh

Question 48

In the Robbers Cave experiment, how did researchers show that certain situations between groups may lead to positive emotions?

A) Two groups of boys at camp were given tasks they had to cooperate to complete.
B) Male campers were instructed to compete over scarce resources or rewards.
C) The groups of campers had to cooperate to rescue a counselor who was drowning.
D) Campers worked together to build an antenna so they could watch football.

Question 49

Contact theory asserts that antagonistic groups can decrease prejudice by ______.

A) having a task that requires cooperation
B) being instructed to be nice to each other
C) having increased time and experiences together
D) reducing the amount of time spent together

Question 50

Barry and John are members of rival political parties who both are running for the same office this election cycle. They have increasingly negative views of each other, and express these opinions at every opportunity. This is an example of ______.

A) realistic conflict theory
B) contact theory
C) essentialism
D) cooperation

Question 51

What is the first conclusion of the Robber's Cave experiment?

A) Contact between groups quickly reduces prejudice.
B) Groups competing over resources develop prejudice.
C) Cooperation between groups increases prejudice.
D) Avoiding individuals from different groups reduces prejudice.

Question 52

How did the Robber's Cave experiment results support realistic conflict theory?

A) It showed that prejudice is reduced if groups spend time together.
B) The stronger group was able to defeat and absorb the weaker group.
C) Prejudice was reduced only after groups were forced to cooperate.
D) Groups developed prejudice when in conflict over resources.

Question 53

What is one potential criticism of the Robber's Cave experiment?

A) The campers were from diverse demographical backgrounds.
B) Only white male campers were selected for the experiment.
C) It was unethical to put the campers in competitive situations.
D) Campers from the city were all in one group and rural campers in another.

Question 54

Over the last century, long-distance migration has become ______.

A) stagnant
B) increasingly more common
C) increasingly less common
D) nonexistent

Question 55

The United States is a very diverse nation, with ______ percent of citizens born elsewhere, compared to only ______ of Japanese citizens born elsewhere.

A) 15; 2.7
B) 2; 1.5
C) 30; 15
D) 13; 1.6

Question 56

What percentage of the 1.18 million immigrants who entered the United States in 2016 were refugees?

A) 13%
B) 20%
C) 47%
D) 4%

Question 57

The government knows how well immigrants are doing in their new country by using the migrant ______.

A) social mobility index
B) unemployment rates
C) integration policy index
D) poverty threshold

Question 58

The United States ranks very high on which measure of migrant integration?

A) Access to the political process
B) Reunification of families
C) Protection against discrimination
D) The path to permanent citizenship

Question 59

The United States ranks quite low on which measure of migrant integration?

A) Path to permanent citizenship
B) Employment status for migrants
C) Reunification of families
D) Embracing diverse cultures

Question 60

Which country scores higher than the United States on the migrant integration policy index?

A) Sweden
B) Japan
C) Russia
D) China

Question 61

The concept of race has no meaning in biology.

Question 62

Your friend Adilah's Muslim identity is part of her ethnicity.

Question 63

Race and ethnicity are considered arbitrary by essentialists.

Question 64

Ethnicity is based on culture, language and shared experiences, rather than superficial physical characteristics.

Question 65

In Brazil, race is partly based on wealth.

Question 66

The fact that everyone has biases means we are all racist to some degree.

Question 67

Islamophobia is an irrational fear of Muslims.

Question 68

All other things being equal, African-Americans are paid less than Asian Americans and White people.

Question 69

The only way to be racist is to use racial slurs or commit violence.

Question 70

W. E. B. DuBois was an important figure in the civil rights movement, and women's rights movement.

Question 71

Consciously taking advantage of a system that grants unearned privilege to one's race is an act of supporting racism.

Question 72

Any kind of contact between groups that hold stereotypes of each other will reduce those negative feelings.

Question 73

The Immigration and Naturalization Act governs the admittance of refugees to the United States.

Question 74

Many immigrants to the United States do NOT have a clear path to citizenship.

Question 75

Labor market mobility is part of the migrant integration policy index.

Question 76

How and why did race become a social construct? Who benefitted and who was hurt? Explain evidence against biological origins of race.

Question 77

How can racism, the Thomas Principle, and Islamophobia influence foreign policy? Be sure to define these terms and give two examples of each.

Question 78

Evaluate the methods and results of Seth Stephens-Davidowitz in his effort to study stereotypes and voting behavior. Was his data gathering technique sound? Why or why not? Are his conclusions valid? Why or why not? Be sure to define and give examples of the social desirability bias.

Question 79

Evaluate the contributions of W. E. B. DuBois to sociology and civil rights. How did Peggy McIntosh's work support Dubois's work? Support your answer with details and examples.

Question 80

Describe Bobo's theory of group conflict and Sharif's experiment to prove it. Be sure to include each facet of the experiment. Explain at least two possible problems with Sharif's experiment and propose solutions.