Deck 2: Socialization and Social Interaction

Question 1

How did Durkheim disagree with Rousseau on the importance of society?

A) Rousseau felt that society damaged mankind, taking them out of a pure, primitive state, and Durkheim argued that society is what makes us human.
B) Durkheim rejected the concept of society as impure, while Rousseau felt society created civilization.
C) Rousseau asserted that society could only be studied by observation, but Durkheim used meta-analysis instead.
D) Rousseau's ideas were inherently impractical, since he was a philosopher; Durkheim took a more pragmatic approach.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Who felt that humans could NOT exist without society?

A) Rousseau
B) Durkheim
C) Schaeffle
D) Comte

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Rousseau and Durkheim agreed that ______.

A) society exists outside of human influence
B) socialization is an unchanging force
C) humans are shaped by their society
D) man is an island

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The process by which a person learns the norms and customs of society is known as ______.

A) structural functionalism
B) socialization
C) symbolic interactionism
D) conflict theory

Question 5

Which theoretical perspective equates the parts of society to parts of a body, all working together for the survival of the whole?

A) Feminist theory
B) Symbolic interactionism
C) Conflict theory
D) Structural functionalism

Question 6

Each part of society has its own expected beliefs, behaviors, and norms, collectively known as ______.

A) patriarchy
B) socialization
C) roles
D) structure

Question 7

One person may be a mother, daughter, sister, aunt, manager, wife, student, and friend, each of which carries different behavioral expectations. These are all examples of ______.

A) oppression
B) roles
C) socialization
D) compartmentalization

Question 8

According to structural functionalist Talcott parsons, what must happen for the smooth functioning of society?

A) Patriarchy is eliminated in favor of matriarchy.
B) Everyone understands and abides by society's rules and values.
C) All social classes are treated equally.
D) The ruling class determines and dominates social norms.

Question 9

What is the main difference between the structural functionalism and conflict theory perspectives?

A) Structural functionalism focuses on competition between groups, while conflict theory studies routes to harmony between groups.
B) Conflict theory is more optimistic and accepting than structural functionalism, which looks mostly at oppression.
C) Conflict theory is based on clashes between social classes, and structural functionalism describes how people should work together.
D) Structural functionalism rejects the importance of the status quo, while conflict theory supports it.

Question 10

The struggle to maintain the status quo and friction between social classes is a hallmark of which sociological perspective?

A) Conflict theory
B) Symbolic interactionism
C) Structural functionalism
D) Postmodernist theory

Question 11

What theorist saw society as based on the clash between owners of the means of production and those who work for them?

A) Mead
B) Kohn
C) Marx
D) Durkheim

Question 12

The manner in which societies tend to value men and their contributions more highly than women and their contributions is called ______.

A) oppression
B) feminism
C) chauvinism
D) patriarchy

Question 13

Who helped the poor, challenged the status quo, and won a Nobel Peace Prize despite being labeled the most dangerous woman in America?

A) Harriet Martineau
B) Jane Addams
C) Karen Horney
D) Betty Friedan

Question 14

Who is considered the first female sociologist after she translated Comte's works into English and studied slavery and gender inequality?

A) Jane Addams
B) Karen Horney
C) Harriett Martineau
D) Betty Friedan

Question 15

What aspect of socialization was Melvin Kohn studying during interviews with working and middle class parents about values considered important for their children?

A) Social class
B) Gender roles
C) Family structures
D) Educational system

Question 16

In Kohn's study, when some mothers encouraged their sons to perform well in school, but encouraged their daughters to be polite, they were perpetuating ______.

A) class conflict
B) back-stage roles
C) gender inequality
D) defensive practices

Question 17

Which two perspectives view socialization as a top-down process, and people as merely recipients of norms, values, and expectations?

A) Symbolic interactionism and conflict theory
B) Structural functionalism and symbolic interactionism
C) Conflict theory and structural functionalism
D) Feminist theory and symbolic interactionism

Question 18

People are seen as active participants in their own socialization in which sociological perspective?

A) Conflict theory
B) Structural functionalism
C) Feminist theory
D) Symbolic interactionism

Question 19

According to symbolic interactionists, the meaning of things comes from ______.

A) their natural meaning
B) social interactions between people
C) society's elite
D) a universal understanding

Question 20

In which of Mead's stages of role playing do children imitate significant others without understanding the purposes of the behavior?

A) Role-taking
B) Preparatory
C) Game
D) Generalized other

Question 21

When Aiden and his siblings play together, they pretend to be at preschool and take turns being the "teacher." This is an example of the ______ stage described by Mead and Cooley.

A) self-actualization
B) looking-glass self
C) generalized other
D) role-taking

Question 22

The ability to take the role of several other people at the same time, such as teammates in sports, characterizes the ______ stage, according to Mead.

A) generalized other
B) preparatory
C) game
D) role-taking

Question 23

Elements of society that help us integrate, such as family, friends, school, religion, and media, are collectively known as ______.

A) socialization factors
B) looking-glass selves
C) roles to be taken
D) agents of socialization

Question 24

Every time Isabel wears the color red, she feels empowered and attractive because of the many compliments she receives. This is an example of what sociological concept?

A) Looking-glass self
B) Social class values
C) Role-taking stage
D) Game stage

Question 25

According to Charles Horton Cooley's perspective, our sense of self comes from ______.

A) the reactions of others
B) our biological inheritance
C) our social class
D) our innate self-worth

Question 26

Which type of socialization involves learning unwritten rules, attitudes and values to become a member of society?

A) Secondary
B) Anticipatory
C) Primary
D) Genetic

Question 27

Subcultures often require learning new jargon and behaviors in the process of ______ socialization.

A) anticipatory
B) secondary
C) gender
D) primary

Question 28

Benny is studying to become a teacher. He rehearses his lesson presentation skills before beginning his student teaching stint as a form of ______.

A) resocialization
B) primary socialization
C) secondary socialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Question 29

Vic has retired from teaching, but he still needs some income to make ends meet. Which type of socialization refers to his training for a new job as a high school softball coach?

A) Anticipatory
B) Resocialization
C) Primary
D) Secondary

Question 30

Which group provide our most important means of primary socialization?

A) Our coworkers
B) Our parents
C) Our community leaders
D) Our spouses

Question 31

Which methods did Kathleen Blee use to study how women get socialized into racist groups?

A) Participant observation and surveys
B) Interviews and document analysis
C) Experiments and correlational research
D) Breaching experiments and interviews

Question 32

How did Blee first locate women for her study who might be identified as racist?

A) She observed community events and singled out women who acted inappropriately.
B) She used data from other researchers which categorized women with racist tendencies.
C) She collected and read materials from self-proclaimed racist groups.
D) She interviewed the spouses of publicly-identified racist men.

Question 33

According to Blee, what is the only way to confront and defeat organized racism?

A) Learning how people get involved in and how they leave these groups.
B) Passing more strict hate crime laws and enforcing them consistently.
C) Counter protesting at all of the group's public meetings and rallies.
D) Joining larger, more aggressive anti-racist groups to directly confront them.

Question 34

What is one obstacle faced by Blee in her study of women in racist hate groups?

A) These groups tend to publish false names online and in newsletters.
B) Members of racist groups assume the identities of their victims.
C) People in these groups are very suspicious of outsiders.
D) Women comprise a very small proportion of hate group members.

Question 35

Why did Blee focus on women in racist hate groups instead of men?

A) Most racist hate groups have more female than male members.
B) Female hate group members are unusual, and make for a better-selling book.
C) Most racist men are too awkward to speak to a woman cogently.
D) Racist men also tend to be sexist and hate women outside the movement.

Question 36

What ethical problem did Blee face in her research on the hate group movement?

A) She had to conceal her own racist feelings to remain detached from her subjects' views.
B) Her interview subjects had to feel comfortable, even though she did not agree with their racist views.
C) Some of her subjects did not answer interview questions truthfully, due to their shame.
D) In order to befriend members of racist hate groups, Blee dishonestly pretended to agree with them.

Question 37

How did Blee avoid inadvertently giving the racists she was studying a platform for their propaganda?

A) Her subjects had to agree to stop recruiting during the interviews.
B) The level of hate in their beliefs was exaggerated to make it more repulsive.
C) She used false names and places to prevent subjects from gaining status.
D) Most of her subjects were convinced to quit the hate groups after the interview.

Question 38

Childhood began to be considered a separate stage of in the ______ century.

A) early twentieth
B) middle of the eighteenth
C) end of the nineteenth
D) sixteenth

Question 39

What is one result of the increasing awareness that children are NOT simply small adults?

A) Child labor laws were enacted to protect them from harsh factory conditions.
B) Public schools were established and children were required to attend.
C) Adolescents were expected to leave home earlier and start their own families.
D) Adoptions increased and orphanages closed as more kids went to work.

Question 40

Margaret Mead used participant observation in Samoa to challenge which assumption about growing up?

A) Teenagers are cooperative with parents until they consume social media.
B) Adolescent years are marked by turmoil and strife inside and outside the family.
C) Parents become stricter and use stronger punishments on teenagers.
D) The transition from adolescence to adulthood is longer now than in the past.

Question 41

Margaret Mead attributed differences in the adolescence experience in Samoa and Western countries to ______.

A) religion
B) climate
C) culture
D) diet

Question 42

How did adolescence become a recognized stage of life development?

A) Sociologists and psychologists were allowed to study these groups more deeply.
B) Children began living with their parents longer and were expected to go to school.
C) Child labor laws gave kids more free time and increased their consciousness.
D) Increasing years in school provided time to observe and study behavior.

Question 43

What trend did Furstenberg identify between 1960 and 2000?

A) The number of children in the average family has increased by 15 percent.
B) Young people are maturing and living on their own sooner than before.
C) People are having children at younger ages in more modern times.
D) He found that the rate of people reaching adulthood markers had decreased by almost half.

Question 44

Which traditional marker of adulthood is related to increasing population?

A) Leaving the parent's household
B) Completing education
C) Working full time
D) Having children

Question 45

Which traditional marker of the transition to adulthood related to increasing earning power?

A) Completing education
B) Getting married
C) Leaving the parental home
D) Having a child

Question 46

No longer relying on parents to pay the bills is also known as ______.

A) having a child
B) financial independence
C) working full time
D) completing education

Question 47

Which explanation identifies delayed adulthood as a personal issue faced by young people?

A) The G.I. Bill made college affordable for a whole generation.
B) Modern young people do not work hard enough to achieve independence.
C) It takes more and more time to acquire a good education.
D) Today's housing is increasingly expensive.

Question 48

What two traditional markers of adulthood are no longer seen as crucial to that transition?

A) Financial independence and working full time
B) Marriage and having children
C) Leaving the parental home and completing education
D) Supporting a family and financial independence

Question 49

Which factor makes it harder to become a financially independent adult today?

A) Stagnant wages at most jobs
B) Living with parents longer
C) Having children at a later age
D) Increasing cost of tuition

Question 50

The fastest growing segment of the American population is ______.

A) seniors
B) young children
C) middle agers
D) teenagers

Question 51

If population trends continue, which programs will become more expensive and harder to fund at the same time?

A) College tuition and housing
B) Medicare and Social Security
C) Food stamps and welfare
D) Medicaid and prescriptions

Question 52

The ______ perspective views people as actors playing roles on the stage of their social lives.

A) conflict
B) feminist
C) dramaturgical
D) functionalist

Question 53

The person considered one of the most important sociologists of the 20th century due to the influential nature of his role-taking studies was ______.

A) Goffman
B) Comte
C) Mead
D) Mills

Question 54

A person changing their hairstyle or clothing is an effort to manage the ______ others have of them.

A) hopes
B) prejudice
C) impression
D) expectations

Question 55

According to Goffman, why do we work so hard to avoid embarrassing ourselves and others?

A) To make social interactions easier and more comfortable
B) To control the situation and earn gratitude
C) To acquire leadership skills
D) To avoid social punishments like shunning

Question 56

Jenny is teaching a class in a new high school this semester. Applying the dramaturgical perspective, how should she reassure students that she will NOT embarrass them in class?

A) Post and go over a specific set of twenty classroom rules.
B) Let students know she will speak with them privately to address behavior issues.
C) Remind students that she has phone numbers for all their parents.
D) Ask the principal to visit class and explain expected behavior standards.

Question 57

In Goffman's theatre analogy, where do people act to make impressions on others?

A) Back stage
B) Stage left
C) Stage right
D) Front stage

Question 58

Which part of a school might be considered back stage for teachers?

A) Classroom
B) Teacher's lounge
C) Principal's office
D) Playground

Question 59

What accurately describes how people are different behind the scenes as compared to on the front stage?

A) People act like themselves no matter the situation or setting.
B) Behind the scenes, people keep up appearances and act natural out front.
C) It is easier to be yourself if you are out of the view of strangers.
D) Integrity is easier to display when people are anonymous, not in public.

Question 60

What continuing challenge does everyone face in smoothing out social interactions and selecting roles?

A) Appropriate behavior changes with the situation.
B) On-stage time tends to exceed off-stage time.
C) We are unable to think about or practice our performances.
D) Those we interact with are not trying to form an accurate impression.

Question 61

Rousseau felt that humans were better off in a primitive state, without relying on society.

Question 62

Durkheim believed that people are born to be social, and society is what makes us human.

Question 63

In Mead's role-taking stage, children pretend to do activities associated with their parents.

Question 64

Mead's generalized other stage features children no longer caring how they are viewed by others.

Question 65

Eating disorders are one example of a criticism of Cooley's looking-glass self-concept.

Question 66

Structural functionalism is mainly concerned with how the dominant culture oppresses dissent.

Question 67

The feminist perspective is part of the conflict perspective.

Question 68

FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was so afraid of Jane Addams upsetting the status quo that he labeled her dangerous for trying to improve society.

Question 69

Melvin Kohn found that parents in different socioeconomic classes teach different basic values to their children.

Question 70

Symbolic interactionism is the only perspective that does NOT feature a top-down structure of socialization.

Question 71

An online video blog could be considered an agent of socialization.

Question 72

Latent learning happens when we absorb behavior patterns or information without specifically setting out to do that.

Question 73

One of Cooley's steps in forming the looking-glass self is imagining how others judge our appearance.

Question 74

Halfway houses are an example of programs used to ease resocialization.

Question 75

Erving Goffman considered the way we project different aspects of ourselves in different situations as evidence of the basic dishonesty of all humans.

Question 76

Compare the views of Rousseau and Durkheim on human nature. Provide at least three examples to support Rousseau's view, and three examples to support Durkheim's view. Which do you think is true, and why?

Question 77

Consider the process of gender socialization through consumer goods. Describe the process and any problems associated with it from each of the following perspectives: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and dramaturgical.

Question 78

Julie is unhappy when a male colleague gets a promotion that she feels she deserves. Explain possible motivations for this decision using the structural functionalist, feminist, and symbolic interactionist perspectives.

Question 79

Imagine you are conducting a study similar to Margaret Mead's work in Samoa, but in your hometown when you were a teenager. Based on your own experience and that of people you know, would your results agree or disagree with Mead? Provide examples and details to support your answer.

Question 80

Recall a funny situation from a comedy movie or television show and explain it using Goffman's dramaturgical principles, including front stage, back stage, and impression. If you cannot recall a particular example, create one to satisfy the requirements of the question.