Deck 4: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

If three people standing next to each other witnessed a robbery and each person described the thief differently, then these different interpretations of the sensory input would most likely illustrate differences in ________.

A) transduction
B) perception
C) visual acuity
D) perception distortion

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When you look feel something soft on your skin you are engaging in the process of ________; when you interpret the information and realize it is a feather, you are engaging in the process of ________.

A) noticing; daydreaming
B) sensation; perception
C) passive observation; active observation
D) perception; sensation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of these have been described as providing the mind's window to the outside world?

A) perceptions
B) senses
C) illusions
D) transductions

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Special sensory cells called receptors are ________.

A) located in sensory organs and detect, convert, and transmit external signals
B) brain cells that detect and respond to stimulus energy
C) found in the body and the brain
D) stimulated by perception and inhibited by transduction

Question 5

Yuor ablity to raed thsi sntenece desipte its mnay mssipllengis is deu to ________.

A) bottom-up processing
B) integration
C) top-down processing
D) cognitive flexibility

Question 6

Your friend Max is working on a jigsaw puzzle and does not recognize the picture in the puzzle until the last piece of the puzzle is in its place. This is an example of ________.

A) top-down
B) bottom-up
C) vertical
D) horizontal

Question 7

Even though you have not placed every piece of a jigsaw puzzle in its correct location, you recognize the puzzle's overall scene based on the portion already completed. This is an example of ________.

A) top-down processing
B) bottom-up processing
C) vertical processing
D) horizontal processing

Question 8

You be most likely to find a person's primary vision area in which lobe of their brain?

A) temporal
B) parietal
C) frontal
D) occipital

Question 9

The conversion of sensory stimuli such as light or sound waves into neural impulses to be sent along to the brain is called ________.

A) adduction
B) perception
C) transduction
D) subduction

Question 10

The process in which neural impulses travel by different routes to different parts of the brain allows us to detect physical stimuli as distinct sensations. This is called ________.

A) transformation
B) sensory transmission
C) transduction
D) perceptual coding

Question 11

The process by which we analyze and filter incoming sensations before sending neural impulses for further processing in other parts of the brain is called ________.

A) sensory reduction
B) perceptual stringing
C) transformative gestalting
D) selective codification

Question 12

The sense of taste is perceived in which part of the brain?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) limbic system
D) corpus callosum

Question 13

"Turning down the volume" on repetitive information helps the sensory receptors cope with an overwhelming amount of sensory stimuli and allows time to pay attention to change, a phenomenon called ________.

A) perceptual constancy
B) sublimation
C) coding
D) sensory adaptation

Question 14

Psychophysics is the study of ________.

A) the specific energy patterns that drive our thought processes
B) the link between physical characteristics of stimuli and our experience of them
C) our perceptions of physical laws
D) the physical laws that govern energy consumption in our brains

Question 15

The fact that we can detect a candle flame at 30 miles away on a clear dark night demonstrates which attribute of vision?

A) difference threshold
B) absolute threshold
C) pain threshold
D) sensory adaptation

Question 16

What has research found to be the human absolute threshold for taste?

A) one teaspoon of salt in twenty gallons of water
B) one teaspoon of sugar in two gallons of water
C) one tablespoon of vinegar in 200 gallons of water
D) one tablespoon of honey in 2,000 gallons of water

Question 17

When Bernie sees an advertisement for a headache pill that has been found to work "90 percent of the time," he is tempted to buy the medicine. If, however, that same commercial said instead that the same medicine " fails to work in only about 10 percent of cases," he might be less excited to try the product. This demonstrates the influence of which of these on perception?

A) feature detectors
B) transduction
C) priming
D) metacognition

Question 18

Experiments on subliminal perception commonly use an instrument to flash images too quickly for conscious recognition but slowly enough to be registered by the brain. This instrument is called a(n) ________.

A) oscilloscope
B) sensorscope
C) tachistoscope
D) sublimascope

Question 19

The process by which receptor cells become less sensitive due to unchanging stimulation is called ________.

A) habituation
B) receptive burnout
C) perceptual accommodation
D) sensory adaptation

Question 20

Which of the following help(s) athletes play through painful injuries?

A) serotonin
B) endorphins
C) glucocorticoids
D) enzymes

Question 21

As he is running his first 10k (ten kilometer) race, Apollo finds that he is starting to hurt and wear out at the third mile. He pushes through, and suddenly experiences a brief period where the pain goes away and he can run faster than he had been running. This "runners high" is facilitated by the release of ________.

A) endorphins
B) acetylcholine
C) cortisol
D) dopamine

Question 22

In the gate control theory of pain, ________ open(s) the gate and ________ close(s) the gate.

A) substance P; endorphins
B) endorphins; substance P
C) norepinephrine; epinephrine
D) epinephrine; norepinephrine

Question 23

What happens to phantom limb pain when an amputee undergoes mirror visual therapy?

A) The pain generally disappears.
B) The pain becomes a dull ache.
C) The pain becomes more intense.
D) The pain reduces to a tickle or an itch.

Question 24

Light and sound both move in ________.

A) series
B) sequence
C) particles
D) waves

Question 25

Light waves are a form of ________.

A) chemostimulatory energy
B) vibrations
C) electromagnetic energy
D) microwaves

Question 26

What range of light is visible to humans?

A) 400-760 nm
B) 320-1000 nm
C) 400-1580 nm
D) ultraviolet waves

Question 27

Short-wavelength light produces ________ colors, whereas long-wavelength light produces ________ colors.

A) bluish; reddish
B) reddish; bluish
C) violet; magenta
D) magenta; violet

Question 28

High-amplitude light waves produce ________ colors, whereas high-amplitude sound waves produce ________ sounds.

A) bright; louder
B) dim; softer
C) bright; softer
D) dim; louder

Question 29

Light enters the eye through which structure, that helps protect the eye and focus the incoming light?

A) cornea
B) iris
C) sclera
D) pupil

Question 30

The iris is the muscular part of the eye that controls the opening of the ________.

A) lens
B) optic chiasm
C) pupil
D) cornea

Question 31

Hyperopia (or farsightedness) results from images focused ________.

A) on the fovea
B) in front of the retina
C) behind the retina
D) on the rods

Question 32

Presbyopia is caused by ________.

A) loss of elasticity in the lens
B) clouding of the cornea
C) floaters in the vitreous humor
D) diabetes mellitus

Question 33

Bleaching of the pigment in rods is an important factor in temporary blindness associated with ________.

A) presbyopia
B) dark adaptation
C) light adaptation
D) hyperopia

Question 34

Entering a movie theater from outside on a bright sunny day will cause temporary blindness due to ________.

A) presbyopia
B) dark adaptation
C) light adaptation
D) hyperopia

Question 35

Research suggests that humans can distinguish among ________.

A) 1 million different hues
B) 7 million different hues
C) 20 million different hues
D) 100 million different hues

Question 36

The color aftereffects phenomenon predicts that, after staring at a bright red rectangle for a period of time, you will see a ________.

A) yellow rectangle when you look away at a white background
B) white circle when you look away at a white background
C) green rectangle when you look away at a white background
D) blue square when you look away at a white background

Question 37

Someone who can perceive only two colors would be classified as a ________.

A) trichromat
B) dichromat
C) monochromat
D) phicromat

Question 38

Most people can perceive three different colors and would be classified as ________.

A) trichromats
B) dichromats
C) monochromats
D) phicromats

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding color confusion?

A) The vast majority of people can see well over 40 million different colors.
B) Most people with limitations in their color vision are not aware of those deficits.
C) Color blindness is an appropriate term, as most deficits of color perception involve a complete inability to see a given hue.
D) To be "color blind" means that one can only see in shades of black, white, and gray.

Question 40

Vibration of the bones in the middle ear hit which structure, causing it to vibrate?

A) tympanic membrane
B) oval window
C) ear drum
D) auditory nerve

Question 41

For each different higher-pitched sound we hear, hair cells bend the most at different locations on the basilar membrane in the cochlea. This statement describes the ________.

A) place theory
B) location and pitch theory
C) pitch theory
D) location theory

Question 42

Which theory of pitch perception "solves" the problem of frequency theory's inability to account for high pitched sound perception?

A) the opponent-process principle
B) the trichromatic theory
C) the place theory
D) the volley principle

Question 43

Whether we detect a sound as being soft or loud depends on its ________.

A) hertz
B) amplitude
C) frequency
D) timbre

Question 44

Some city parks in Philadelphia have installed sonic devices designed to prevent children and teens loitering, while older adults cannot even hear it. This is because ________.

A) volume is too high for adults to hear
B) the frequency is too high for adults to hear
C) amplitude is too high for adults to hear
D) timbre is too difficult for adults to hear

Question 45

Conduction hearing loss is caused by damage to the ________.

A) mechanical system that conducts sound waves to middle ear
B) nerves in the cochlea
C) auditory nerve itself
D) mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

Question 46

Which type of deafness involves damage to the mechanical system that regulates sound waves to the cochlea?

A) conduction
B) middle-ear
C) nerve
D) sensorineural

Question 47

Sensorineural hearing loss is also known as ________.

A) inner-ear deafness
B) cochlear deafness
C) nerve deafness
D) conduction deafness

Question 48

The only known treatment for auditory nerve damage is ________.

A) a stapes implant
B) nerve stimulation
C) a cochlear implant
D) a tympanic membrane implant

Question 49

Exposure to high-decibel sounds can lead to ________.

A) conduction deafness
B) mechanical deafness
C) middle-ear deafness
D) nerve deafness

Question 50

The chemical senses include ________.

A) gustation and audition
B) smell, taste, and touch
C) vision and hearing
D) smell and taste

Question 51

According to your text, humans possess how many types of olfactory receptors?

A) 100
B) 1,000
C) 10,000
D) 1 million

Question 52

According to your text, humans can detect more than how many types of distinct smells?

A) 100
B) 1000
C) 10,000
D) 1 million

Question 53

Which term refers to naturally occurring body scents that affect, in particular, the sexual behaviors of others?

A) hormones
B) pheromones
C) neurotransmitters
D) phenomes

Question 54

Most olfactory information is processed in which structure before being sent to other parts of the brain?

A) olfactory bulb
B) olfactory epithelium
C) olfactory receptors
D) olfactory hair cells

Question 55

According to the text, which of the following is the most likely reason that humans have a general dislike for bitter foods?

A) In the last century, they have become less plentiful.
B) They are less nutritious than sour foods.
C) Historically, they are more likely to contain toxic ingredients.
D) There are more advertisements for bitter than for savory foods.

Question 56

The sense of gustation is important from an evolutionary standpoint because ________.

A) it allows us to enjoy the food that we eat
B) it helps us stay away from foods that are harmful or toxic
C) it helps to enhance our sense of smell
D) sensations bypass the thalamus

Question 57

What is the most likely reason that Jessica, who lives in the United States, thinks raw fish and chicken feet are "disgusting," but Akiko, a girl in Japan, eats these as a normal part of her diet?

A) Cultural differences may mean that Jessica was not exposed to them but Akiko was.
B) Like most Americans, Jessica likes sugar more than Japanese children.
C) Jessica's taste buds are replaced more quickly than Akiko's.
D) Jessica dislikes bitter tastes more than Akiko does.

Question 58

Which of these terms is a synonym for umami, one of the five tastes?

A) acidic
B) alkaline
C) sour
D) savory

Question 59

Taste buds are located within which of the following structures, on the surface of the tongue?

A) gustation receptors
B) papillae
C) gustatory pores
D) epithelia

Question 60

Which area of the body has the highest concentration of skin receptors?

A) back and legs
B) feet and fingers
C) face and fingers
D) arms and legs

Question 61

Where are skin receptors least concentrated on the body?

A) back and legs
B) feet and fingers
C) face and fingers
D) arms and legs

Question 62

The vestibular sense is controlled by what part of the body?

A) semicircular canals
B) vestibular canals
C) cochlea
D) papillae

Question 63

The sense that detects bodily posture, orientation, and movement of body parts relative to one another is called ________.

A) kinesthesis
B) vestibular sense
C) cochlear synthesis
D) posturalthesis

Question 64

When our perceptions don't agree with our sensations, a(n) ________.

A) illusion results
B) hallucination results
C) delusion results
D) sensory enigma results

Question 65

Which of the following is a visual illusion?

A) wavelength
B) perceptual constancy
C) Shepard's tables
D) binocular cues

Question 66

Feature detectors in the brain are coded to respond only to specific types of ________.

A) visual stimuli
B) auditory stimuli
C) subliminal stimuli
D) olfactory stimuli

Question 67

Prosopagnosia is a condition that can involve the inability to recognize ________.

A) one's own reflection in the mirror
B) certain colors such as reds and oranges
C) auditory stimuli
D) right from left

Question 68

The brain's learned tendency to ignore or stop responding to unchanging stimuli is called ________.

A) monostimulus transduction
B) selective perception
C) habituation
D) selective attention

Question 69

After a month of having stuck a post-it note by your door to remind you of an appointment, you forgot the appointment. This is an example of ________.

A) perceptual adaptation
B) selective perception
C) habituation
D) selective attention

Question 70

You are at a party talking to a group of friends, and your attention is suddenly drawn to another group's conversation as your name is mentioned. This is an example of ________.

A) sensory reduction
B) habituation
C) the cocktail-party phenomenon
D) sensory adaptation

Question 71

At a noisy party, you are able to focus on what your girlfriend is telling you while "tuning out" the other conversations around you. What principle governs this ability?

A) Freudian
B) grounding
C) focal
D) Gestalt

Question 72

Children who group individuals together who live in the same neighborhood would be using the Gestalt principle of ________.

A) continuity
B) closure
C) proximity
D) similarity

Question 73

"Impossible figures" are stimuli that appear to make sense but cannot exist in actual, real space. These figures ________.

A) define the correspondence between sensation and perception
B) help scientists understand perceptual principles
C) outline how to organize elements into a coherent whole
D) define the difference between monocular and binocular cues

Question 74

A binocular cue is one that requires ________.

A) binoculars to perceive depth or distance
B) farsightedness to perceive depth or distance
C) two eyes to perceive depth or distance
D) corrective lenses to perceive depth or distance

Question 75

Because Lena has vision in only one eye, she can no longer use which of these as a cue for perceiving the distance from her car in the parking lot to the entrance of the mall?

A) accommodation
B) retinal disparity
C) motion parallax
D) aerial perspective

Question 76

A monocular cue that relies on the muscles that adjust the shape of the lens of the eye and sends neural impulses to the brain is called ________.

A) convergence
B) retinal disparity
C) retinal parity
D) accommodation

Question 77

A monocular cue for depth that artists cannot use in their paintings is ________.

A) interposition
B) accommodation
C) linear perspective
D) aerial perspective

Question 78

Which is an example of a monocular cue for depth perception?

A) interposition
B) visual cliff
C) convergence
D) retinal disparity

Question 79

Which monocular cue leads us to perceive the more detailed flowers in a painting as being closer than the flowers with less detail?

A) size consistency
B) height in plane
C) interposition
D) aerial perspective

Question 80

When we perceive the color of an object as being relatively constant even though the wavelength of light reaching the eye retina may vary due to lighting conditions, we are experiencing ________.

A) brightness constancy
B) color constancy
C) shape constancy
D) depth constancy