Deck 17: Theories Focused on Health Inequity and Health Disparity

Question 1

The National Institutes of Health defines health disparities as differences in "the overall rate of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, or survival rates in the population as compared to the health status of the general population." What is missing from this definition?

A) Health aspect of the issue
B) Differences between populations
C) Comparison with the general population
D) Ethical injustice that underlies the differences

Answer 1

D

Question 2

After completing a health assessment, the clinician determines that a Black client is demonstrating signs of hypertension even though the blood pressure is at the higher end of the normal range and all other diagnostic indicators are negative for the health problem. Which statement best explains this clinician's behavior?

A) Clinicians' implicit biases influence their conduct and communication
B) Clinicians' biased perceptions negatively impact minority patient outcomes
C) Clinicians' implicit biases influence their diagnostic and treatment decisions
D) Clinicians' implicit biases can lead to discriminatory statistical interpretation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which category of the multilevel ecological model of health disparities addresses smoking and illegal drug use?

A) Individual lifestyle factors
B) Living and working conditions
C) Social and community networks
D) Age, sex, and constitutional factors

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is a major focus when addressing the category of general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions within the multilevel ecological model of health disparities?

A) Racism
B) Marital status
C) Education level
D) Health insurance

Question 5

Which model of health disparities is most highly regarded in maternal child health literature?

A) Ecological model
B) Life course model
C) Biased care model
D) Trajectory of health model

Question 6

Which is a major belief within the weathering theory of health disparities?

A) Mother's history lives on in each one of us
B) Maternal disadvantages predict health at birth
C) Stress negatively affects a woman's health status
D) Health at birth partly predicts education, income, and long-term disability

Question 7

Which statement best explains the concept of praxis within the critical race theory?

A) Prioritizing the study of racial influences on outcomes
B) Ways of knowing that result from critical analysis of one's personal experiences
C) Knowledge from theory, research, personal experiences, and practice inform one another
D) Perspectives of socially marginalized groups are the central axis around which topic discourse revolves

Question 8

When implementing the Health Equity Action Research Trajectory conceptual model, what is the focus of the second phase?

A) Identifying solutions for health disparities
B) Investigating health disparities epidemiologically
C) Implementing actions to address health disparities
D) Testing theories that explain how various disparities arise

Question 9

What should nurses do to develop cultural confidence?

A) Attend cultural competence workshops
B) Analyze how cultural differences influence care approaches
C) Commit to a lifelong process reflecting on personal biases and prejudices
D) Study knowledge about different cultural groups perspectives on health care

Question 10

What should a nurse do to demonstrate that racism negatively impacts patient care?

A) Suggest cultural competence workshops be held at health care facilities
B) Embrace patient advocacy and speak out against bias and structural racism
C) Volunteer to learn more about the cultural groups in which the nurse interacts
D) Recommend the consistent use of care interventions regardless of the cultural group