Deck 15: Experimental Studies

Question 1

________________ play an important role in assuring ethical conduct of research projects through rigorous approval and monitoring of research protocols.

A) Institutional review boards
B) Experimental review boards
C) Ethical research review boards
D) Research review boards

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In an experimental study, this group is not exposed to the intervention being tested.

A) Study group
B) Experimental group
C) Neutral group
D) Control group

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In a single blind study, which of the following entities doesn't know who is assigned to the study group and who is assigned to the control group?

A) Investigators
B) Data analysts
C) Subjects
D) Researchers

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In this type of study, the intervention is switched between the two groups at some time interval during the study period.

A) Preventative trial
B) Crossover trial
C) Factorial trial
D) Parallel trial

Question 5

If a study seeks to enroll women over the age of 50 who meet a certain income level, the study has:

A) Social bias
B) Design flaw
C) Limited validity
D) Eligibility criteria

Question 6

An advantage of this type of study is that it can provide support for changes in economic or social policy.

A) Factorial trials
B) Natural experiments
C) Randomized clinical trials
D) Community trials

Question 7

If a study is conducted to investigate the preventative potential of a new drug, the study is called a ________________.

A) Therapeutic trial
B) Parallel trial
C) Crossover trial
D) Prophylactic trial

Question 8

Which phase of clinical trials is conducted to understand long-term consequences of a product?

A) Phase I
B) Phase II
C) Phase III
D) Phase IV

Question 9

The population of interest in a study is known as the ______________ population.

A) Relevant population
B) Model population
C) Reference population
D) Index population

Question 10

This is calculated prior to the onset of a study to ensure that the desired power of the study is attained.

A) Sample size
B) Statistical parity
C) P value
D) Confidence interval

Question 11

Experimental studies are conducted to understand the etiology of diseases.

Question 12

Type I error occurs when a study does not find a difference between groups when a difference actually did exist.

Question 13

In randomized controlled trials it is irrelevant whether intervention and control groups are similar or dissimilar in their demographic and other characteristics.

Question 14

Typically, the goal of statistical analysis in a research study is to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 15

These ____________________ trials involve use of two or more unrelated interventions on the same population at the same time.

Question 16

In _________________ trials, subjects in each group are only given their respective intervention and are not exposed to the alternative intervention.

Question 17

An inert substance with no pharmacological properties given to some of the subjects in an experimental study is called a(n) _________________.

Question 18

Which of the following are strengths of randomized controlled trials?

A) They are highly regulated and therefore pose no risk to the participant
B) They provide high-quality evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of products
C) They are inexpensive to conduct
D) They randomly allocate study participants into groups

Question 19

Which of the following must be taken into consideration when determining sample size?

A) Location of the study
B) Potential attrition or loss of subjects
C) The acceptable level of statistical significance
D) Demographics of subjects

Question 20

Enter the phase of the randomized controlled trial beside each description.
Done with larger numbers of participants to assess the efficacy and safety of a new product.___________
Involves a small number of participants to assess the safety of a new product. ___________
Happens over the life of a drug after it has been used commonly at the population level. ___________
Designed to understand the long-term safety, toxicity, and efficacy of a new drug. ___________