Deck 14: How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior

Question 1

Which of the following is the most important predictor of health?

A) Age
B) Race
C) Marital status
D) Socioeconomic status

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What study of British civil servants, compared mortality rates across four employment grades over a 10-year period?

A) Framingham study
B) Hawthorne study
C) Whitehall study
D) Tuskegee study

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is the classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior and especially behavior change?

A) Health belief model
B) Transtheoretical model
C) Ecological model
D) Socioeconomic model

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Statistics show that most ethnic minorities in the United States have significantly higher mortality rates from most diseases than whites.

Question 5

Stress can be due to adverse social and/or physical conditions.

Question 6

An 80-year-old man whose wife has just died has a much higher risk of death than just before her death.

Question 7

If twin brothers are exposed to the same number of cold virus particles, the less stressed brother is less likely to become sick.

Question 8

The broader the social network of an individual, the lower the risk of death or disease.

Question 9

The health belief model and the transtheoretical model are contradictory in the ways of looking at the same psychological factors.

Question 10

Health promotion and disease prevention programs must be repeated for every generation and every new at-risk group.

Question 11

A whole new field of research called _______________________ has arisen to study the impact of stress on health.

Question 12

_______________________ is often added as a fifth factor in the health belief model.

Question 13

Community factors affect individual behavior both _______________________ and indirectly.

Question 14

whats the stages of the transtheoretical model with the appropriate behavior.
-People have no intention to change their behavior

Question 15

whats the stages of the transtheoretical model with the appropriate behavior.
-Person is more aware of the benefits of change but not ready to take action

Question 16

whats the stages of the transtheoretical model with the appropriate behavior.
-Person has decided to make the change and planned a course of action

Question 17

whats the stages of the transtheoretical model with the appropriate behavior.
-Individuals actually modify their behavior

Question 18

whats the levels of the ecological model with the appropriate description.
-Encompasses the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the individual

Question 19

whats the levels of the ecological model with the appropriate description.
-Families, friends, and co-workers have very important effects on health-related behavior

Question 20

whats the levels of the ecological model with the appropriate description.
-Schools and workplaces can have a profound effect on health and health-related behavior

Question 21

Which of the following is a pattern described as a "numbed acceptance of a negative situation so that an individual no longer tries to change that situation for the better because he or she does not expect those efforts to make any difference?

A) Passive aggression
B) Learned helplessness
C) Perceived failure
D) Behavioral regression

Question 22

Application of which model, at the interpersonal level, would lead to different strategies in a teen drug prevention program depending on the nature of the teens' social relationships?

A) Health belief model
B) Transtheoretical model
C) Ecological model
D) Socioeconomic model

Question 23

Which of the following influence people's diet and activity patterns, which are the second most important factor in American's poor health?

A) Interpersonal factors
B) Intrapersonal factors
C) Community factors
D) Environmental factors

Question 24

From the public health perspective, it may be more efficient to try to change people's behavior one individual at a time than to try to change the social environment that influences people to behave in unhealthy ways.

Question 25

Unhealthy behaviors may be maintained and reinforced by aspects of the social environment that are beyond the individual's control.

Question 26

Health status varies more among African Americans than among Hispanics.

Question 27

In the United States, infant mortality is almost twice as high among blacks as it is for whites.

Question 28

An American Indian is almost 50% more likely than a white American to have diabetes.

Question 29

In the 1980s, San Francisco had the second-highest incidence of AIDS in the United States.

Question 30

Individuals must believe in a problem and in the existence of a solution before they will act to prevent the problem.

Question 31

Based on the health belief mode, the public health approach to changing behavior would be to convince people that they are vulnerable, that the threat is severe, and that certain actions are effective preventive measures.

Question 32

Absence of ___________________ has been related to an increase in coronary heart disease, complications in pregnancy and delivery, suicide, and other unhealthy outcomes.

Question 33

Stress, which is due to the adverse physical and social conditions associated with lower________________, which may act both directly by affecting physiological processes, and indirectly by influencing behavior.

Question 34

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Characteristics such as race, gender, and marital status which are consistently found to influence health

Question 35

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Concept that includes income, education, and occupational status

Question 36

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-Family and friends providing emotional and instrumental assistance which has proven to be surprisingly significant in determining an individual's health

Question 37

Whats the appropriate description of the terms?
-The sense of having control over one's life

Question 38

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior, and especially behavior change

Question 39

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Envisions change as a process involving progress through a series of five stages

Question 40

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors

Question 41

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Forces people to think of public health problems as social and political issues that require collective action

Question 42

Whats the appropriate description of the term?
-Encompasses the regulations and limitations on behavior