Deck 11: The Biomedical Basis of Chronic Diseases

Question 1

What agency recommends that everyone limit their salt intake to about a teaspoon a day, but the question of whether this measure would reduce blood pressure in the average person is controversial?

A) American Heart Association
B) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
C) National Institutes of Health
D) American Medical Association

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among Americans aged 45 to 65?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Cancer
C) Infectious disease
D) Accidental death

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following binds to hemoglobin in the blood, blocking the hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body?

A) Nitric oxide
B) Nicotine
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Sulfur dioxide

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Progress has been hampered in developing drug therapies or vaccines for AIDS because there is no good animal model.

Question 5

Fatty streaks, the first stage in the development of plaque, have been found on autopsy in half the children ages 10-14 who died of accidental causes.

Question 6

It is a federal mandate that all industrial chemical must be tested for carcinogenicity.

Question 7

From 1965 to today, the incidence of diabetes among American adults has increased more than sevenfold.

Question 8

Diabetes triples the risk of death at any age.

Question 9

All forms of diabetes involve some kind of problem with the hormone insulin, whether in production or sensitivity.

Question 10

Type 2 diabetes is usually caused by obesity.

Question 11

Significant resources are being devoted to studying causes of dementia, but much work remains to be done.

Question 12

The ________________________ has referred to twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly.

Question 13

__________________, while not a major killer, can severely impact the quality of life for many older people, causing great pain and suffering in their last years.

Question 14

whats the disease to the appropriate description.
-A major cause of disability in the United States and yet very little is known about its causes and prevention

Question 15

whats the disease to the appropriate description.
-Cause anguish to their families and force affected people into nursing homes at a tremendous cost to society

Question 16

whats the disease to the appropriate description.
-Number of Americans diagnosed has more than tripled in the past 20 years

Question 17

whats the disease to the appropriate description.
-Has proven much more difficult to understand that cardiovascular disease because it has so many different manifestations

Question 18

whats the following terms to the appropriate description.
-Increases the risk of kidney disease

Question 19

whats the following terms to the appropriate description.
-Especially significant as a cause of heart attack in younger adults

Question 20

whats the following terms to the appropriate description.
-Have long been known to cause some cancers in plants and animals but only recently in humans

Question 21

whats the following terms to the appropriate description.
-Testing for carcinogenicity in humans is fraught with difficulties

Question 22

Which of the following is the only animal able to be infected with HIV but can no longer be used for research due to ethical reasons and cost?

A) Asian macaque monkeys
B) Chimpanzees
C) Guinea pigs
D) Mice

Question 23

Which of the following refers to the presence of high blood pressure without a known cause?

A) Essential hypertension
B) Occult hypertension
C) Malignant hypertension
D) Benign hypertension

Question 24

Cancer viruses transform cells by integrating themselves into what part of the host cell?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) RNA
D) DNA

Question 25

In most cases, chronic diseases have a single cause, making it easier for scientists to recognize significant risk factors and establish preventive measures.

Question 26

Epidemiology is generally limited to observation and analysis of events that occur spontaneously.

Question 27

In experiments on human subjects, scientists can carefully control the conditions so that cause-and-effect relationships can be clearly proven.

Question 28

An actively growing cancerous tumor must have attracted blood vessels to itself to supply needed nutrients.

Question 29

Cancer can be seen as a collection of a large number of very distinct diseases.

Question 30

If you were dealing with a patient with a recently diagnosed cancer, the patient would probably have a recently appeared mutation in genes controlling cell division.

Question 31

The growth of the __________________, which sponsors most of the biomedical research in the United States, has reflected the growth of concern about chronic degenerative diseases.

Question 32

Much of the research on HIV has been done using ____________________, and a great deal has been learned.

Question 33

Cardiovascular disease includes both ____________________ and stroke.

Question 34

A patient with hypertension and obesity is likely to have ____________________.

Question 35

Whats the corresponding year the events?
-Laboratory of Hygiene opened

Question 36

Whats the corresponding year the events?
-Congress created the National Cancer Institute

Question 37

Whats the corresponding year the events?
-Congress created the Heart Institute

Question 38

Whats the corresponding year the events?
-U.S. Government launched a major blood pressure awareness program

Question 39

Whats to the appropriate characteristic the agency?
-Has referred to twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes and the number of American who are obese has been increasing rapidly

Question 40

Whats to the appropriate characteristic the agency?
-Estimates that almost one-third of cancer deaths in the United States are due to tobacco use

Question 41

Whats to the appropriate characteristic the agency?
-Has recommended that the food industry, including manufacturers and restaurants, reduce sodium in the food supply

Question 42

Whats to the appropriate characteristic the agency?
-Issued guidelines in 2003 that classified blood pressure was "normal" only if it was below 120/80