Deck 12: Circulation and Respiration

Question 1

What does your body need oxygen for?

A) Cells need it to produce the energy they need to function.
B) It is necessary to aerate the brain.
C) Air flow aids in blood flow within the blood vessels.
D) It produces hemoglobin, needed to carry carbon dioxide.
E) It produces iron oxide which is a vital nutrient for cell function.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the goal of blood doping?

A) To speed up release of carbon dioxide in order to enhance endurance
B) To increase the speed at which blood circulates
C) To enhance the ability of blood to carry oxygen to improve endurance
D) To increase oxygen uptake in order to enhance muscle strength
E) To decrease overall blood volume

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How does blood doping work?

A) White blood cells are extracted, stored, and reinjected prior to competition to enhance oxygen uptake and endurance.
B) Red blood cells are extracted, stored, and reinjected prior to competition to enhance oxygen uptake and endurance.
C) Drugs are injected prior to competition, which enhance oxygen uptake and endurance.
D) Drugs are injected prior to competition, which enhance muscle strength and minimize pain sensation.
E) Prior to competition, a blood transfusion occurs in order to increase overall blood volume to enhance endurance.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When you are at rest, about how long does it take for all your blood to circulate once through your body?

A) 30 seconds
B) 1 minute
C) 5 minutes
D) 10 minutes
E) It depends how tall you are.

Question 5

How does the breathing rate of an adult doing strenuous activity compare to that of a world class athlete doing strenuous activity?

A) The rates are about the same because the athlete is better acclimated to strenuous activity.
B) The rate is actually higher for the adult versus the athlete because the athlete is better acclimated to strenuous activity.
C) The rate for the athlete is twice that of the normal adult.
D) The rate for the athlete is three times that of the normal adult.
E) It varies from person to person depending on the size of their lungs

Question 6

Why is the protein hemoglobin necessary for successful circulation of oxygen?

A) Because oxygen won't dissolve in water (or blood) to transport it to demanding cells
B) Because it carries carbon dioxide which bonds easily with oxygen
C) It isn't really necessary because not all living things have hemoglobin.
D) Because it bonds easily with oxygen so the blood can carry enough to supply demanding cells
E) Because the hemoglobin supplies energy to demanding cells

Question 7

About how many liters of blood do you have, and how much oxygen does it normally carry per liter?

A) 5 liters, 200 milliliters
B) 5 liters, 5 milliliters
C) 10 liters, 50 milliliters
D) 10 liters, 200 milliliters
E) 6 liters, 20 milliliters

Question 8

Both regular athletic training and blood doping increase the oxygen capacity of the blood. How do they do this?

A) They both increase the total amount of blood carried in the body.
B) They both increase the white blood cell count in the blood.
C) They both increase the plasma in the blood.
D) They both increase the lung capacity.
E) They both increase the red blood cell count in the blood.

Question 9

Which of the following is the sequence of vessels the blood follows as it circulates?

A) Heart, veins, capillaries, arteries, heart
B) Heart, capillaries, arteries, veins, heart
C) Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, heart
D) Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart
E) Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, heart

Question 10

Which part of the heart pumps "used" blood back to the lungs to be reoxygenated?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left ventricle
C) Right atrium
D) Left atrium
E) Pacemaker

Question 11

Why is it important that arteries are thicker than veins?

A) They carry more blood.
B) There are fewer of them.
C) They tend to be much bigger.
D) They receive blood under pressure.
E) Their valves work better that way to keep the blood flowing in one direction.

Question 12

Other than in the heart, where are there valves in the circulatory system, and what purpose do they serve?

A) Arteries, push blood forward
B) Capillaries, keep blood from moving backwards
C) Veins, keep blood from moving backwards
D) Veins, push blood forward
E) Arteries and veins, control speed of blood flow

Question 13

What is the purpose of the sphincters where the arterioles branch into the capillary beds?

A) To slow down blood flow so the capillaries don't burst under pressure
B) To control blood flow to different areas of the body depending on activities
C) To speed up blood flow into the capillary bed for faster oxygen exchange
D) To block blood from coming back out of the capillary bed too quickly to allow for more complete diffusion of oxygen
E) They remove carbon dioxide from blood passing through.

Question 14

What is blood mostly made of?

A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Nutrients
E) Dissolved gases
12)3

Question 15

What path does oxygen follow when you inhale?

A) Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diffusion into blood stream
B) Alveoli, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, diffusion into the blood stream
C) Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, trachea, diffusion into the blood stream
D) Alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, diffusion into the blood stream
E) Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, diffusion into the blood stream

Question 16

The large surface area of the alveoli allows for efficient diffusion of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. What is the approximate surface area of the alveoli?

A) 0.7 square meters
B) 7 square meters
C) 70 square meters
D) 7 miles
E) 70 miles

Question 17

Oxygen uptake is limited by the surface area of the alveoli in the lungs. True or False?

A) False. Oxygen uptake is not limited by the body's structure at all.
B) True. Surface area is huge, but all the oxygen inhaled doesn't have time to get across before exhalation.
C) False. Oxygen uptake is limited by the amount oxygen the blood can carry, not by the diffusion rate from the lungs.
D) True. Because carbon dioxide also has to diffuse out, despite the high alveolar surface area, some oxygen that might diffuse in is blocked.
E) False. Oxygen uptake is limited by how fast the cells can use the oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide, not how much diffuses in.

Question 18

What primarily pumps the lungs for inhalation and exhalation?

A) The diaphragm working with the ribs
B) The diaphragm alone
C) The ribs alone
D) The heart, such that heart rate and breathing rate are coordinated
E) The mouth and nose

Question 19

Your mouth and nose meet at the back of your throat which leads to the trachea. This allows the possibility of choking if something blocks your trachea. Is this a bad design?

A) Yes. Choking can kill you.
B) Yes. It's really easy to choke on food pieces.
C) No. This allows you to breathe when you are eating.
D) No. This allows you to still taste food when your nose is stuffy.
E) No. This allows you to take in twice as much air.

Question 20

What is the purpose of the epiglottis?

A) It detects chemicals to provide your sense of smell.
B) It warms air coming in through your nose.
C) It filters air coming in through your nose to keep particles out of your lungs.
D) It blocks the top of the trachea when you swallow to prevent choking.
E) It blocks the top of the trachea when you inhale to prevent choking.

Question 21

How does gas exchange work in the capillary beds next to the alveoli?

A) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the air into the deoxygenated ("used") blood in the capillary beds, and oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.
B) Oxygen is moved by active transport from the lungs to the deoxygenated ("used") blood in the capillary beds, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.
C) Oxygen diffuses from the air into the deoxygenated ("used") blood in the capillary beds, and carbon dioxide diffuses from that blood to the alveoli.
D) Carbon dioxide is moved by active transport from the lungs to the deoxygenated ("used") blood in the capillary beds, and oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.
E) Oxygen is moved by active transport from the lungs to the deoxygenated ("used") blood in the capillary beds, and carbon dioxide is moved by active transport from the blood to the alveoli.

Question 22

Hemoglobin in the red blood cells "grabs" oxygen to transport it to the body's cells. What is the equivalent substance that "grabs" carbon dioxide to transport it out of the cells?

A) Epiglottin
B) Plasma
C) White blood cells
D) Carbon dioxide isn't transported by the blood.
E) Carbon dioxide dissolved easily in the blood, so no special molecule is required.

Question 23

After blood is "used" by cells, in other words they've taken the oxygen, where does it go?

A) Back to the lungs for more oxygen
B) Back to the heart and then on to the lungs for more oxygen
C) Back to the heart to return to the body for more oxygen
D) Back to the capillary beds for more oxygen
E) Back to the brain, where the oxygen level is monitored

Question 24

The more oxygen-depleted a cell is, the faster it can pick up oxygen from hemoglobin. Why is this?

A) Hemoglobin doesn't bind to oxygen very strongly.
B) If oxygen is low, carbon dioxide is high, and that interferes with the ability of the hemoglobin to hold onto oxygen.
C) At low oxygen levels, hemoglobin releases oxygen more easily.
D) At high oxygen levels hemoglobin hangs on tight to oxygen.
E) There are more red blood cells in the area.

Question 25

How does blood doping enhance oxygen uptake?

A) Breathing is faster, so there is more oxygen available.
B) It produces more carbonic acid more quickly, so the brain increases oxygen uptake faster than it normally would.
C) It allows hemoglobin to carry more molecules of oxygen than normal.
D) More red blood cells mean more hemoglobin, so more oxygen can be moved.
E) It doesn't enhance uptake, but it decreases oxygen demand by making cells more efficient.

Question 26

How does the body "know" to increase heart and breathing rates when you are active?

A) Carbonic acid is produced by decreasing oxygen levels in the blood, and when the brain sensors sense the lower pH, increased rates are triggered.
B) Carbonic acid is produced when carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood, and when the brain sensors sense the lower pH, increased rates are triggered.
C) When the brain senses increased fatigue in an area of the body, it triggers increased rates.
D) The increased activity just naturally results in increased rates because the two things are correlated.
E) The hypothalamus senses low oxygen levels as blood passes through sensors there, and increased rates are triggered.

Question 27

Why doesn't the blood leaving the heart under pressure damage the thinly structured blood vessels in the lungs?

A) Normal blood pressure isn't that high.
B) Blood isn't pumped directly to the lungs.
C) Blood pumped to the lungs isn't under as much pressure as when it's pumped to the rest of the body.
D) The ventricle on the right side of the heart absorbs most of the pressure as blood leaves there for the lungs.
E) The vessels in the lungs are thin for diffusion, but they are very strong.

Question 28

If blood pressure is reduced to near zero by the time the blood enters the venules and veins to return to the heart, how does it move?

A) The veins pump it back to the heart.
B) The pumping of the heart sucks the blood back into it.
C) This is why organisms stretch frequently. They're forcing "used" blood back to the heart.
D) The veins, the valves in them, and the skeletal muscles around them work together to keep the blood moving back to the heart.
E) The valves in the veins keep the blood moving back to the heart.

Question 29

Why is it important that blood pressure be low in the capillary beds?

A) Capillaries are thin and fragile, and there needs to be time for diffusion to occur so the blood can't move too fast.
B) There are so many capillaries, if the blood were moving too fast, it would move right past many of them.
C) It takes a little while for hemoglobin to "let go" of the oxygen, so the blood can't be moving too fast.
D) The venules and veins past the capillaries cannot handle too much pressure.
E) Capillaries cannot hold much blood, so it has to be going slowly to "fit" into the narrow tubes.

Question 30

What purpose do blood pH sensors serve?

A) To control heart rate to maintain oxygen levels
B) To monitor the acidity of the blood to determine oxygen needs
C) To monitor the acidity of the blood which controls respiration
D) To monitor blood pressure and adjust as needed
E) To monitor blood oxygen levels to determine need

Question 31

How does the body control respiration rate?

A) It's part of homeostasis. The brain monitors and controls blood pH which adjusts the respiration rate as needed.
B) It's part of homeostasis. When oxygen levels get too low, the diaphragm contracts more simply as a result of negative feedback to the muscle.
C) It's part of homeostasis. The brain controls nerves running to the diaphragm and adjusts respiration rate as blood acidity changes.
D) As blood gets less acidic, brain sensors tell the diaphragm to contract more frequently.

Question 32

Where are the pressure sensors that monitor blood pressure?

A) In the heart
B) In the carotid veins and aorta
C) In the brain
D) In the aorta and carotid arteries
E) In the capillary beds

Question 33

What makes heart cells beat together?

A) They beat by themselves.
B) The brain
C) The pacemaker
D) The heart itself
E) Spinal nerves

Question 34

The balance of which two things can control the heart rate?

A) Any of the following two things can do it.
B) The hormones adrenaline and acetylcholine
C) The vagus nerve and spinal cord nerves
D) The medulla and the spinal cord
E) None of the preceding two things controls it.

Question 35

Where is the pacemaker located?

A) The right atrium
B) The medulla
C) The pons
D) The aorta
E) The right ventricle

Question 36

How does high blood pressure lead to atherosclerosis?

A) The heart has to work extra hard, weakening it over time.
B) The veins get inflamed because of the extra pressure of the blood.
C) The arteries get inflamed because of the extra pressure of the blood.
D) It causes plaque formation leading to blockage.
E) The same gene that triggers high blood pressure triggers atherosclerosis.

Question 37

Which of the following is a good way to prevent high blood pressure?

A) Don't smoke
B) Genetic engineering
C) Avoid overexertion
D) Eat enough fats
E) Don't eat salt

Question 38

What causes a heart attack?

A) A blockage in an artery in the brain
B) A blockage in the aorta
C) A blockage in the carotid arteries
D) A blockage in an artery anywhere in the body
E) genetics

Question 39

What happens in a stroke?

A) You die.
B) There is a blockage in an artery in the heart shutting down oxygen to the heart.
C) There is a blockage in any artery shutting down oxygen "downstream."
D) There is a blockage in an artery in the brain shutting down oxygen to the brain.
E) You become paralyzed.

Question 40

What happens to a person during an asthma attack?

A) They pass out.
B) Breathing becomes very difficult.
C) The heart rate slows down so there is insufficient oxygen available to cells.
D) They react to drugs used to open airways.
E) They react badly to industrial pollution.

Question 41

What do both the circulatory system and respiratory system have in common?

A) They're controlled as part of homeostasis.
B) They involve branching structures.
C) The branching increases surface area for efficient exchange by diffusion.
D) They involve pumps.
E) All of the above

Question 42

What was Dr. DeBakey well known for inventing?

A) Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals
B) A pump for cardiopulmonary bypass machines
C) Artificial hearts of various types
D) Artery replacement surgery
E) All of the above

Question 43

Why is a cardiopulmonary bypass machine necessary during heart surgery?

A) It's impossible to operate on a beating heart, so the machine has to take over the function of the heart.
B) Otherwise, the heart will stop beating.
C) There will not be enough oxygen getting into the lungs.
D) It isn't always, but it's used to minimize risk.
E) It's not necessary for heart surgery, but it is necessary for surgery involving the lungs.

Question 44

What do modern drugs to treat erectile dysfunction actually do?

A) Improve blood circulation to the penis
B) Provide the enzyme PDE in order to maintain an erection
C) Block the enzyme PDE from working so the erection lasts longer
D) Contract the muscles of the penis to maintain an erection
E) Make sure oxygen is still getting to the penis while it is erect

Question 45

What are the two numbers (like 120 over 80) that describe a person's blood pressure?

A) The first is the systolic pressure or pressure going into the body, and the second is diastolic or pressure going into the lungs.
B) The first is the systolic pressure or pressure from the heart and the second is diastolic, or pressure as the arteries recoil.
C) The first is diastolic pressure or pressure from the heart, and the second is systolic, or pressure as the arteries recoil.
D) The first is systolic pressure or initial pressure from the cuff worn, the second is diastolic, or pressure as the cuff deflates.
E) The first is diastolic pressure or initial pressure from the cuff worn, the second is systolic, or pressure as the cuff deflates.

Question 46

What molecule allows your cells and organs to make use of the energy in food?

Question 47

What is the purpose of blood doping for an athlete?

Question 48

One thing that training does for an athlete is increase his or her number of red blood cells. How does this help?

Question 49

Why do red blood cells need to hemoglobin to carry extra oxygen?

Question 50

The circulatory system consists of a series of increasingly smaller branches extending throughout the body? Why is this branching important?

Question 51

Why is it important that the circulatory system have a very large surface area close to the cells of the body?

Question 52

Which part of the heart pumps hard enough to send blood throughout the body?

Question 53

What structure makes the lungs expand for inhalation?

Question 54

The respiratory system branches like the circulatory. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between the end of these branches and the bloodstream. What are the ends of those branches called?

Question 55

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide move from the lungs to the blood and vice versa?

Question 56

Where does carbon dioxide in the blood come from?

Question 57

How does the body "know" when it needs more oxygen?

Question 58

How can the heart pump blood both hard enough to get all the way around the body, but not so hard that it doesn't blow out the fragile lung tissue?

Question 59

Is blood pressure higher in arteries or veins?

Question 60

How do veins keep blood from flowing backwards in them?

Question 61

When the brain detects a rise in blood pH, what does it do about respiration?

Question 62

What type of sensors are used to monitor blood pressure?

Question 63

What coordinates the beating of the heart cells in unison?

Question 64

What is the most important indicator that you might develop atherosclerosis?

Question 65

What is a heart attack?