Deck 11: Media and Online Contexts

Question 1

While the average amount of time adolescents use screen media is 9 hr a day, individual reports by adolescents about the time they spend using screen media have found ______.

A) no differences among adolescents
B) this average is too high
C) large differences among adolescents
D) this average is far too low

Answer 1

C

Question 2

After television, which is the most commonly used screen media for adolescents?

A) social media
B) video games
C) online videos
D) mobile games

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which behavior is an example of the most common type of screen media?

A) watching an online video
B) watching television
C) playing a video game
D) posting on social media

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which behavior is self-reported by girls as their favorite media activity?

A) watching an online video
B) playing a video game
C) listening to music
D) posting on social media

Question 5

Which behavior is self reported by boys as their favorite media activity?

A) watching an online video
B) listening to music
C) posting on social media
D) playing a video game

Question 6

Kumar spends a great deal of time using screen media, especially after school. He likes to unwind with different types of media. He has a group of friends who get together online to play different games. When they can, they go to each other's houses to play these games as well. He enjoys the shared activity as well as the game itself. Kumar is engaging in the ______.

A) most preferred screen media activity for boys
B) least preferred screen media activity for boys
C) false self-presentation for boys
D) false self-presentation to his friends

Question 7

Stephanie enjoys using social media, but her parents are a bit concerned. When they compare their older daughter's use of social media, they see a great increase with Stephanie's use including checking her accounts several times an hour. When their older daughter visited, they noticed that she, too, was spending much more time on social media than she used to. Their daughters are about 10 years apart in age so both of them grew up with social media and the Internet as part of their lives as early as they can remember. The conclusion that Stephanie's parents have come to for the increased use of social media is that ______.

A) they have less access to social media sites with their smart phones
B) there has been an increase in smart phones at about the same rate as increased social media usage
C) each daughter's media literacy has increased over the last decade
D) they are both suffering from depression associated with social media

Question 8

What impact has the proliferation of smart phones had on social media use?

A) The increased ownership of smart phones has decreased adolescents need for digital media, including social media.
B) Social media has decreased in popularity with the proliferation of adolescent ownership of smartphones.
C) The adolescent ownership of smartphones offers unprecedented access to all digital media, including social media.
D) Gaming, not social media, has been impacted and increased with the proliferation of smart phones for adolescents.

Question 9

______ emphasizes that exposure to media influences adolescents' thinking, attitudes, and behavior.

A) Media aware
B) Uses and gratifications theory
C) Media practice model
D) Cultivation theory

Question 10

Individual differences as an influence of media and its fulfilling effects defines which theory of media influence?

A) uses and gratifications theory
B) media practice model
C) Social learning theory
D) Cultivation theory

Question 11

Which theory emphasizes that media influence is bidirectional in nature?

A) cultivation theory
B) media practice model
C) uses and gratifications theory
D) social learning theory

Question 12

Chin, a 16-year-old boy, plays a lot of video games. He enjoys the "shooter" games where he and his friends work together to defeat the game through strategy. There is a lot of violence in the games that they like and play. He enjoys watching television and movies that are classified as action type movies as well. He has found himself feeling more aggressive after playing and watching this kind of media. Chin illustrates which theory?

A) Goldilocks effect
B) uses and gratifications theory
C) cultivation theory
D) media practice model

Question 13

Priya likes using social media. She connects with her friends and creates new connections within this kind of media. She likes to follow her favorite celebrities and influencers to see what the latest trends are. Priya is a highly social individual who likes to feel close to her friends in family in every way possible. She seeks out different kinds of social media in order to fulfill her need for these connections and interests. Priya is illustrating which theory?

A) cultivation theory
B) media practice model
C) social learning theory
D) uses and gratifications theory

Question 14

Joe, a 16-year-old boy, has always been an aggressive individual. His parents put him into sports where he could fulfill his physical needs in order to try and curtail his aggression. He also likes to play video games. He chooses "shooter" games where he can be the aggressor and go after other players in the game. After he plays his games, he finds himself more revved up than satisfied in terms of aggression. Joe illustrates which theory of media influence?

A) media practice model
B) Goldilocks effect
C) cultivation theory
D) uses and gratifications theory

Question 15

How is social learning theory related to rewards for behavior?

A) Social learning theory is not related to rewards for behavior.
B) An observed model receiving a reward for behavior increases the likelihood of the observer to engage in that behavior.
C) Observing a model who receives a reward for behavior decreases the chance that the observer would engage in that behavior.
D) A model who receives an observed reward for any behavior decreases imitation of that behavior.

Question 16

Which is a potential benefit of playing video games for adolescents?

A) Goldilocks effect
B) self-construction
C) visuospatial abilities
D) thin ideal

Question 17

Aaliyah is trying to find a restaurant for her club to have their meeting. She uses her phone to access the Internet and locate a restaurant that would have tables large enough for her club. She also decides to read any reviews of the restaurant and call them to inquire about making a reservation for a room as she has read they offer spaces for just this kind of gathering. By accessing all of this from her phone, Aaliyah is using skills that are ______.

A) essential for depressive symptoms to manifest
B) influencing her ability to present her false self
C) used to increase aggression in today's world
D) essential for success in our connected world

Question 18

What impact does too little screen use have on adolescent development?

A) With too little screen use, adolescents do not develop the cognitive and/or social opportunities necessary for development.
B) With too little screen use, adolescents will thrive with much less aggression.
C) With too little screen use, development is enhanced with intimacy development of their real selves.
D) Adolescents who do not or use screens very little, do not develop prosocial behavior resulting in higher levels of aggression.

Question 19

How does the "Goldilocks effect" with media use impact adolescent development?

A) The "Goldilocks effect" of too much in the amount of media use by adolescents impacts them positively.
B) The "Goldilocks effect" of just right in the amount of media use positively impacts adolescent development.
C) The "Goldilocks effect" has no bearing on media use and adolescent development.
D) The "Goldilocks effect" of too little in the amount of media consumed by adolescents impacts them positively.

Question 20

Over the last four decades, television and movie violence has ______.

A) remained the same
B) decreased
C) increased
D) become nonexistent

Question 21

The effects of television violence are most likely ______.

A) not important
B) the cause of depression
C) immediate
D) cumulative over time

Question 22

In addition to contextual factors outside of an adolescent, which one influences the choice of media consumed?

A) family
B) personality
C) availability
D) peers

Question 23

Which scenario is an example of an outcome from watching television violence in childhood?

A) Harvey is kind and gentle with everyone.
B) Harvey is more prone to aggressive behavior in adolescence.
C) Harvey is more at risk for depression in adolescence.
D) Harvey is lacking in his executive functions.

Question 24

Which is an example of a behavior that allows adolescents to be less affected by television violence than children?

A) adopting the views of the media consumed
B) decreasing their critical thinking
C) imitating what they see
D) reflecting on what is seen

Question 25

What impact is seen in adolescence and young adulthood from exposure to televised violence in childhood?

A) This exposure to media violence only has an effect on the critical thinking related to propaganda in adolescence and young adulthood.
B) This exposure to media violence increases the risk of depression in adolescence and young adulthood.
C) This exposure to media violence increases the risk of aggressiveness in adolescence and young adulthood.
D) This exposure to media violence decreases the risk of aggressiveness due to the gratification experienced.

Question 26

Omar watched a lot of television when he was growing up. Every day after school, he would come home and turn on the television to relax and eat a snack before doing his homework. He really liked watching movies and programs that had a lot of car chases, shooting, and crashes in them. This exposure went on for many years. As a result of this, now Omar is most likely ______.

A) desensitized to this kind of violence
B) depressed about his childhood
C) dissatisfied with his body image
D) subject to the "Goldilocks effect"

Question 27

Kevin, a 17-year-old male, loves to watch media that has anything to do with the old west. He loves everything about the lawlessness that it represents. Kevin will seek out shows about gun fights or settling out west. This has not influenced his idea about gun safety and/or violence in general. He believes in gun control and solving problems nonviolently. One reason for Kevin's behavior in light of his media preference is that ______.

A) he has greater moral reasoning in adolescence
B) he has less moral reasoning in adolescence
C) he has greater intimacy development in adolescence
D) he has less intimacy development in adolescence

Question 28

Which statement is true of hunt and shoot video game effects on adolescents?

A) Shooter video games did not predict any criminal behavior among adolescents.
B) Hunt and shoot type video games were predictive of criminal behavior in adolescents.
C) Causation was found for conduct disorder and shooter type video games for adolescents.
D) A causal link was predicted between zombie video games and conduct disorder in adolescents.

Question 29

According to the workgroup on media violence and violent video games analysis of literature, what harmful effects, both short and long term, do violent video games have on adolescents?

A) Violent video games increase the prosocial behavior in adolescents.
B) Violent video games increase the desensitization to violence in adolescents.
C) Violent video games decrease the desensitization to violence in adolescents.
D) Violent video games decrease the depression in adolescents.

Question 30

Jimmy loves to play video games. He enjoys them by himself and with his friends. He especially likes playing games that go along with his favorite shows like hunting zombies or war games. Jimmy is not an aggressive adolescent and shows no effects of increased aggression after playing these games. This is most likely due to Jimmy's ______.

A) body dissatisfaction
B) depression
C) family
D) low self-esteem

Question 31

Jamal has played several different sports since he can remember. He really enjoys sports that have physical contact like football. He is generally a happy teen but can also be triggered quite easily by others into aggression. When Jamal plays video games, he seeks out shooting games which only seek to make him more aggressive than when he started. According to the media practice model, Jamal is ______.

A) influenced by the violence he sees he proliferates more violent behavior.
B) influenced to experience gratification from the aggressive video games
C) influenced by the video games toward aggressive behavior
D) influenced by both the video games and his personality toward aggression

Question 32

Which is widely assumed about television programs that depict some kind of sexual content?

A) Televised sexual content influences adolescent violence.
B) Televised sexual content is cathartic for adolescents.
C) Televised sexual content has no effect on adolescent sexual activity.
D) Televised sexual content influences adolescent sexual activity.

Question 33

Which finding is true of exposure to sexual content in media in adolescents?

A) Adolescents with exposure to sexual content in media are more likely to believe stereotypical attitudes about sex.
B) Adolescents with exposure to sexual content in media are more likely to engage in sexual contact with others.
C) Adolescents with exposure to sexual content in media are less likely to accept casual attitudes about sex.
D) Adolescents with exposure to sexual content in media are less likely to see women as sexual objects.

Question 34

Lauren, a 17-year-old girl, has been watching a lot of R-rated movies lately. Most of them have a lot of sexual content from kissing to simulated sex. Many of these movies show women as an object valued only for her physical appearance. Most of the men in these movies are given status depending on how many women they can get to sleep with them. This exposure has influenced Lauren to ______.

A) fight against these stereotypes
B) accept these stereotypes
C) not notice these stereotypes
D) act on these stereotypes

Question 35

Exposure to marketed alcohol content in advertising by adolescents and young adults has been shown to have which effect?

A) causing increased drinking
B) no effect on drinking behavior
C) increased risk of drinking
D) decreased risk of drinking

Question 36

How is a positive portrayal of substance use related to adolescent behavior?

A) The positive portrayal of substance use results in the "Goldilocks effect" for adolescents.
B) The understanding that substance use is positive decreases the risk of use by adolescents.
C) A positive portrayal of substance use allows for critical thinking by the adolescent.
D) The belief that the use of a substance will have a positive outcome increases the risk of substance use.

Question 37

Shania loves listening to music. Her taste has a wide range, including many different forms of music. Some of the lyrics talk about how much fun it is to party with friends and even praise substances like marijuana for opening one's mind. Nothing bad ever happens in the songs that she listens to, in fact, she receives the message in just the opposite way. She starts to believe that if she begins to drink, she will have more friends and be better liked. Due to this positive exposure, Shania is ______.

A) at an increased risk to use substances
B) at a decreased risk to use substances
C) at an increased risk of impulse control
D) at a decreased risk of impulse control

Question 38

Today's adolescents use social media many times to develop ______.

A) depressive symptoms
B) intimacy
C) desensitization
D) aggression

Question 39

Adolescents report more opportunities for ______ using social media than in real life.

A) desensitization
B) hoaxes
C) self-disclosure
D) propaganda

Question 40

The revelation of identity on social media by adolescents is ______.

A) spur of the moment
B) propaganda
C) a hoax
D) carefully planned

Question 41

Maria is trying to figure out who she is and who she wants to be. She has been posting on social media disclosing different facets of her personality and watching the kind of reaction that she receives. She has disclosed a very personal side of herself and found that she was able to gain support from her friends when she would never have had the nerve to do that in person. She now feels much more comfortable posting about the mistakes she has made in life along with her successes. Maria has found confidence in posting about her ______.

A) real self
B) thin ideal
C) empathy
D) false self

Question 42

Liam has been very confused lately about his sexuality. He has anonymously investigated a few social media groups that he is thinking about joining in order to figure out who he is. He doesn't feel that he could do this at school because there isn't very much diversity in his area. By connecting to others using social media whom are questioning themselves as Liam is doing, he will most likely ______.

A) become depressed
B) gain confidence
C) be aggressive
D) adhere to social learning theory

Question 43

What impact does social media have on marginalized adolescents?

A) Marginalized adolescents will become even more depressed and/or anxious with the use of social media.
B) Marginalized adolescents do not develop the same critical thinking skills from the use of social media.
C) Marginalized adolescents can find support and friendship online using social media relieving their loneliness.
D) Marginalized adolescents are more prone to the "Goldilocks effect" on social media than their peers.

Question 44

Peers who manipulate and tweak their physical appearance on photo sharing sites, such as Instagram, are at greater risk for ______.

A) "Goldilocks effect"
B) sexting
C) "fake news"
D) body dissatisfaction

Question 45

Which is a scenario of a possible outcome from spending a lot of time on photo sharing social media for an adolescent girl?

A) Jenny crash diets.
B) Jenny seeks out boys.
C) Jenny is drawn to violent video games.
D) Jenny develops her real self.

Question 46

What impact does social media use have on body dissatisfaction in adolescents?

A) There is no relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media use.
B) Body dissatisfaction precedes greater social media use.
C) Social media use precedes body dissatisfaction and body image issues.
D) Social media use is determined by body dissatisfaction and body image issues.

Question 47

How is a bidirectional relationship with the use of social media related to body image issues in adolescents?

A) Adolescents are only influenced by the media t negates the bidirectional relationship reinforcing the influence of the media on adolescent behavior.
B) Adolescents use social media to advance their standing which is the relationship between direction and body image positivity.
C) Adolescents with a thin ideal internalization may seek out social media which then reinforces this ideal creating body image issues.
D) Adolescents crash diet due to the reinforcing influence of observation on social media.

Question 48

Kelsie posts to photo sharing on her social media every day. She is constantly scrolling through the photos of celebrities, influencers, and her peers. She tries to be fit and healthy, but every time she scrolls through her feed she feels like she doesn't measure up. She starts a crash diet to look like everyone on her feed. Kelsie decides to photoshop her pictures until she can feel like she is the same as her peers. Kelsie is experiencing ______.

A) a reflective moment
B) a drive for thinness
C) a real self
D) intimacy development

Question 49

Melissa is very active with photo sharing on social media. While she scrolls through photos of celebrities and influencers, she pays particular attention to the way her peers look and post on social media. Due to this influence of her peers, she has become more active with photo sharing. Since she doesn't feel she looks as good as her peers do, she has been trying to crash diet. Melissa is demonstrating ______.

A) a reflective moment
B) a drive for thinness
C) a real self
D) intimacy development

Question 50

Which concept refers to online assaults using social media, texting, e-mail, or other electronic means?

A) "Goldilocks effect"
B) cultivation
C) sexting
D) cyberbullying

Question 51

Which statement is true of cyberbullying?

A) Cyberbullying is asynchronous therefore there is no escape from it.
B) Cyberbullying is synchronous therefore it only happens at school.
C) Cyberbullying is variable, meaning it happens only within the home.
D) Cyberbullying is variable, meaning it happens in face-to-face meetings anytime.

Question 52

What is the impact of cyberbullying on mental health in adolescents?

A) Due to cyberbullying being synchronous, there is a consistent relationship between cyberbullying and depression.
B) Due to cyberbullying being asynchronous, there is a consistent relationship between cyberbullying and depression.
C) Due to cyberbullying being in the open, there is only a small correlation to depression and anxiety.
D) Due to the difficulty in being aware of cyberbullying, there is no relationship between cyberbullying and depression.

Question 53

Jack has been receiving weird text messages lately. His social media has also been inundated by trolls posting negative and hurtful comments. One troll has even gone so far as to tell Jack that he should commit suicide since he is a waste of space. He cannot seem to get away from these comments and messages. His parents don't usually check his social media, so they are unaware of what is happening to him. Jack is the victim of ______.

A) depression
B) anxiety
C) cyberbullying
D) sexting

Question 54

Which scenario is an example of sexting?

A) Emma is crash dieting to look better on social media.
B) Emma posts a lot of pictures of herself on social media.
C) Emma threatens another girl on social media
D) Emma texts a picture of herself topless to her boyfriend.

Question 55

What impact can sexting have on bullying behaviors?

A) An explicit image can be distributed leading to bullying victimization.
B) An explicit image is shared on social media creating positive body image.
C) Sexting, which is publicly shared without one's knowledge, is associated with high self-esteem.
D) Sexting kept private is associated with increased bullying.

Question 56

Aaliyah is in a new relationship with Carter. She really likes dating him and wants it to become a permanent thing. Carter has started texting Aaliyah sexual messages about their relationship. He has even asked that she send him a picture of her topless. Aaliyah is not sure she wants to do that as it can be spread around without her knowledge. Aaliyah has been asked to participate in ______.

A) cyberbullying
B) sexting
C) body dissatisfaction
D) propaganda

Question 57

Which concept refers to the ability to identify and understand messages from different kinds of media?

A) media desensitization
B) media aware
C) media literacy
D) media practice model

Question 58

Media literacy develops over time due to advances in ______.

A) social learning theory
B) cultivation theory
C) the "Goldilocks effect"
D) cognitive development

Question 59

In order to process the underlying messages in any media content, an adolescent needs to have the cognitive and socioemotional skills to ______.

A) consider the source of the message
B) consider the self-constructive message
C) develop propaganda to combat the message
D) develop gratification from messages

Question 60

Which is an example of a behavior necessary for media literacy?

A) posting a photo on social media
B) evaluating an article
C) threatening a peer through text
D) understanding the "Goldilocks effect"

Question 61

What impact does advancement in cognitive development have on an adolescent's ability to participate in media literacy?

A) Advances in cognitive development allow adolescents to desensitize themselves to media literacy.
B) Advances in cognitive development allow adolescents to defend media literacy.
C) Advances in cognitive development allow adolescents to slowly develop media literacy.
D) Advances in cognitive development allow adolescents to develop media literacy overnight.

Question 62

Jamal is taking a civics class where he needs to bring in a current event to discuss in class. He must learn to evaluate the integrity of the information and the source of the information. His teacher also has him look for other information that either discredits or supports the article he is sharing. Jamal is demonstrating a lesson in ______.

A) intimacy development
B) self-construction
C) cultivation
D) media literacy

Question 63

In promoting media literacy, the ability to understand an author's goal is known as ______.

A) identifying the point of view
B) being a smart consumer
C) being a responsible media creator
D) identifying intimacy development

Question 64

Which media literacy goal includes evaluating information's credibility in media?

A) identifying the point of view
B) being a smart consumer
C) being a responsible media creator
D) identifying intimacy development

Question 65

Which is an example of being a responsible media creator?

A) Carter just posts everything he hears without taking any time to fact check.
B) Kumar tries to identify the credibility of every article he reads.
C) Kayla tries to be truthful with everything she posts while being aware of her own point of view.
D) Emma photoshops every photograph of herself to create a thin ideal body image.

Question 66

What impact has the intervention Media Aware had on adolescent sexual health?

A) Adolescents adhered to whatever the media presented about sexual relationships.
B) Adolescents were less able to judge media portrayals of sexual relationships.
C) Adolescents bought into sexual stereotypes as a result of Media Aware.
D) Adolescents were more able to judge media portrayals of sexual relationships as unrealistic.

Question 67

Katrina is doing a project for her psychology class. She has to gather information to support her point of view but also present arguments that disagree with her stance. She is very careful to determine the credibility of the information as well as the author of every article she uses. Katrina tries to see whether there is any underlying goal that the author may have for their presentation of the information. Katrina is ______.

A) a media literate individual
B) presenting propaganda as fact
C) using critical thinking to promote "fake news"
D) presenting a false self

Question 68

Professional associations agree with some general recommendations in regards to media, such as ______.

A) screen use until bedtime
B) co-viewing media
C) electronic devices are fine in the bedroom
D) watching television while doing homework

Question 69

What impact does a family media plan have on parents' use of media?

A) Parents' use a family media plan to propagandize their children to use more social media.
B) Parents' enforce media use, therefore, a family media plan allows them to use media as often as they wish.
C) Parents' are models of behavior; therefore, a family media plan helps adults with the media usage too.
D) Parents' model bad behavior with a family media plan, therefore it increases everyone's use of media in the household.

Question 70

Eli and Sophie have decided to have device curfews in their home. They are also talking about implementing no devices during dinners and an electronic free evening with their children. They would also like to implement one night a week of co-viewing any media. They believe that this will help to keep media usage down and everyone more connected to one another. Eli and Sophie have most likely created ______.

A) reflection on television violence
B) internalization of cyberbullying
C) a Media Aware association
D) a family media plan

Question 71

The most common form of screen media that adolescents engage in is television.

Question 72

Cultivation theory is a bidirectional theory of media use emphasizing adolescents' interest predisposing them to certain kinds of media.

Question 73

Cultivation theory and social learning theory contrast each other in their understanding of influence.

Question 74

Adolescents demonstrating advances in attention control may be influenced by playing video games.

Question 75

Violence in television and violence rates have both increased over the decades.

Question 76

According to the research, there is a correlation between television violence and violent thoughts in adolescence.

Question 77

Video games that are classified as "shooter games" have shown a direct association with adolescent conduct disorder and/or criminal behavior.

Question 78

Sexual stereotypes are evaluated through the influence of sexual content in the media by adolescents.

Question 79

Adolescents are no different in their need for communication with their peers, although the methods have changed over the decades.

Question 80

Negative emotions are perceived by adolescents in their use of social media.