Deck 11: Language and Lateralization

Question 1

Translating inner thought into packets of communication is called:

A)Grammar
B)Speech
C)Language
D)Dialogue

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If a friend tells you, "I am going to the grocery store after work", the language of the sentence is:

A)Their need for groceries
B)The sound waves that enter your ear
C)English
D)Future tense

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Laryngitis results from:

A)Inflammation of the vocal folds
B)Damage to motor nerves
C)Loss of sensation in the lips and tongue
D)Injury to Broca's area

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The woman who couldn't find her words had difficulty communicating, but not:

A)Using correct grammar
B)Comprehending
C)Pronouncing and articulating
D)Searching for the correct word to say

Question 5

What would the communication of a deaf person with expressive aphasia look like?

A)They would be unable to communicate effectively with speech, but could use sign language
B)They would be unable to communicate effectively with sign language, but could use speech
C)They would be able to communicate effectively with both speech and sign language
D)They would be unable to communicate effectively with either speech or sign language

Question 6

Damage to Wernicke's area result is this disorder:

A)Dysphonia
B)Receptive aphasia
C)Expressive aphasia
D)Anomia

Question 7

Speech that sounds normal but is actually a jumble of unintelligible words and meanings is called:

A)Dysphonia
B)Anomia
C)Word salad
D)Neologism

Question 8

In the case of the woman who makes up words, a patient suffering from damage to Wernicke's area may display:

A)Neologisms
B)Paraphasia
C)Word salad
D)All of the above

Question 9

Prosody is:

A)The intonations, stresses, and rhythms of speech
B)The idea behind the words one is using to communicate
C)The number of words used in a sentence
D)The rules of the language

Question 10

An individual who can physically see known written words, but has no idea what the meaning is, suffers from:

A)Dyslexia
B)Neologism
C)Alexia
D)Paraphasia

Question 11

A patient can communicate normally except for this: when you ask the patient to repeat a sentence, they are unable to do so. This patient may be suffering from:
A)Dyslexia

A)Repeat what another person has just said
B)Global aphasia
B)Retrieve the correct verb when trying to communicate.

Question 12

Averbia is the inability to:

A)Repeat what another person has just said
B)Retrieve the correct verb when trying to communicate.
C)Comprehend written language
D)Perform an action commanded or suggested by another

Question 13

What is one obstacle to using fMRI to study brain regions?

A)Every brain is structurally different
B)The data from the brain images is averaged together, blurring the information
C)You need a lot of participants to achieve statistical significance
D)All of the above

Question 14

Dyslexia is often discovered in children when they are unable to:

A)Copy written information
B)Spell common words
C)Read aloud
D)Comprehend what others are saying to them

Question 15

If someone has difficulty recognizing words at the phonological level, this means that they have trouble recognizing ______ language.

A)Written
B)Spoken
C)Foreign
D)All of the above

Question 16

Stutterers may have difficulty realizing that they are stuttering due to the fact that they tend to have lower-than-normal activation in which area?

A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)The auditory regions of the temporal lobe
D)Parts of the cerebellum

Question 17

When checking for language dominance in the brain, this may be used to anesthetize one hemisphere:

A)A stimulant
B)A relaxant
C)A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
D)A barbiturate

Question 18

Difficulty performing movements out of context is called:

A)Alexia
B)Apraxia
C)Amusia
D)Aphasia

Question 19

Damage to the Wernicke's area counterpart in the right hemisphere can result in which disorder?

A)Apraxia
B)Amusia
C)Aphasia
D)Alexia

Question 20

If a scientist asks an individual to hold an object in their right hand and say what the object is, and then hold the object in their left hand and say what it is, the doctor may be checking for:

A)hemispheric lateralization
B)Amusia
C)Apraxia
D)Global aphasia

Question 21

If a doctor puts an object in a person's right visual field and asked the person to name the object and point to it, then puts the same object in their left visual field and asks the person to name the object and point to it, the doctor may be checking for:

A)William's syndrome
B)Dyslexia
C)hemispheric lateralization
D)Amusia

Question 22

Which theory states that the left hemisphere controls fine motor movements, along with language?

A)The analytic-synthetic theory
B)The motor theory
C)The universal grammar theory
D)The language theory

Question 23

Statistical learning __________ in language in order to figure out its meaning.

A)Focuses on pitch and amplitude changes
B)Listens for errors
C)Compares phonetic differences
D)All of the above

Question 24

Chomsky pioneered the term, "universal grammar", which he used to refer to idea that:

A)Infants might be born with grammar rules already in place
B)All cultures have the exact same set of grammar rules
C)Infants have an innate grammar before learning the grammar of the native language
D)Grammar is remarkably similar across cultures and languages

Question 25

Visual symbols that represent words are called:

A)Anomias
B)Creoles
C)Neologisms
D)Lexigrams

Question 26

Language is defined as:

A)The output of sounds from one human to another"
B)The ability to convey ideas to one another"
C)Translating inner thought into packets of communication"
D)All of the above"

Question 27

The output of sounds from one human and intended for another is:

A)Language"
B)Communication"
C)Sound waves"
D)Speech"

Question 28

Grammar is:

A)The sound of speech"
B)The type of communication"
C)The rules of language"
D)None of the above"

Question 29

You ask you mother, "What would you like for your birthday?" The communication in this sentence is:

A)A question"
B)You want your mother to tell you what to make or buy for her"
C)The sound waves that enter your ear"
D)English"

Question 30

Which of these is characterized by impaired communication, with speech and language abilities intact:

A)Aphasia"
B)Williams syndrome"
C)Autism spectrum disorders"
D)Dysphonia"

Question 31

If the muscle fibers or sound-producing organs used to produce speech are injured, the result is:

A)Dysarthris"
B)Anomia"
C)Williams syndrome"
D)Dysphonia"

Question 32

Dysphonia occurs when:

A)The individual is unable to hear his or her own speech"
B)Reading is complicated by the mixing-up of letters"
C)The left temporal lobe is damaged"
D)The muscle fibers or sound-producing organs used to produce speech are injured"

Question 33

Inflammation of the vocal folds is called:

A)Amusia"
B)Dysphonia"
C)Laryngitis"
D)Apraxia"

Question 34

Aphasia is characterized by the inability to produce or understand language due to:

A)Injury to the vocal folds"
B)Paralysis"
C)Motor issues in the tongue or throat"
D)Injury to the brain"

Question 35

Which of the following sentences is agrammatical?

A)They can sing."
B)I tired hungry."
C)You don't know me."
D)She goes home."

Question 36

What is anomia?

A)Inability to comprehend speech"
B)Difficulty in thinking of the correct word"
C)Inability to move the lips and tongue correctly"
D)Paralysis of the vocal folds"

Question 37

Difficulty thinking of the correct word to say is called:

A)Apraxia"
B)Amusia"
C)Aphasia"
D)Anomia"

Question 38

Broca's area is located in the:

A)Left temporal cortex"
B)Right temporal cortex"
C)Right frontal cortex"
D)Left frontal cortex"

Question 39

Damage to Broca's area will result in an impairment to:

A)Read"
B)Produce language"
C)Comprehend language"
D)Play music"

Question 40

Expressive aphasia results from damage to:

A)The vocal folds"
B)The larynx"
C)Broca's area"
D)None of the above"

Question 41

An individual is showing an inability to communicate effectively. They speak slowly and with great difficulty, and leave out connecting words such as "and". This person most likely is suffering from:

A)Receptive aphasia"
B)Fluent aphasia"
C)Expressive aphasia"
D)Wernicke's aphasia"

Question 42

The inability to comprehend language occurs after damage to:

A)Brodmann's Area"
B)Wernicke's area"
C)The vocal folds"
D)Broca's area"

Question 43

Wernicke's aphasia is also referred to as:

A)Fluent aphasia"
B)Receptive aphasia"
C)Both of the above"
D)Neither of the above"

Question 44

A patient is able to produce words, but when they speak, it is unintelligible. Sometimes the words are nonsense words, although the patient speaks in a melodic and rhythmic way. They appear to have no idea what anyone is saying to them, although they attempt to answer. This patient may be suffering from:

A)Expressive aphasia"
B)Dysphonia"
C)Autism spectrum disorder"
D)Receptive aphasia"

Question 45

A neologism is a(n):

A)Blockage in the ventricles of the left temporal lobe"
B)Made-up word"
C)Paralysis of the vocal folds"
D)Inflammation of the vocal folds"

Question 46

A made-up word is called:

A)Word salad"
B)An anomia"
C)A neologism"
D)An lexigram"

Question 47

If a patient is suffering from paraphasia, they will:

A)Be unable to produce speech"
B)Read from right to left"
C)Substitute made-up words for real words"
D)All of the above"

Question 48

Patients who recover from Wernicke's aphasia report that:

A)They could not stop themselves from speaking even when they could not understand their own speech"
B)The speech of others was unintelligable"
C)Their own speech was unintelligible"
D)All of the above"

Question 49

The intonations, stresses, and rhythms of speech is called:

A)Lexicon"
B)Language"
C)Grammar"
D)Prosody"

Question 50

Alexia (word blindness) result from damage to this area, situated near Wernicke's area:

A)The prefrontal cortex"
B)The angular gyrus"
C)The primary auditory cortex"
D)The primary visual cortex"

Question 51

Damage to the angular gyrus may result in:

A)Amusia"
B)Aphasia"
C)Dyslexia"
D)Alexia"

Question 52

Before reaching the muscles that produce speech, the output from Wernicke's area travels through a group of axons called the:

A)Angular gyrus"
B)Corpus callosum"
C)Planum temporale"
D)Arcuate fasciculus"

Question 53

The Wernicke-Geschwind model states that output from Wernicke's area must first pass through _______ before compiled signals travel to the premotor cortex and motor cortex.

A)The occipital lobe"
B)Broca's area"
C)The angular gyrus"
D)The primary auditory cortex"

Question 54

Conduction aphasia results from damage to:

A)Wernicke's area"
B)The arcuate fasciculus"
C)The angular gyrus"
D)Broca's area"

Question 55

Damage to the arcuate fasciculus will result in:

A)Receptive aphasia"
B)Global aphasia"
C)Expressive aphasia"
D)Conduction aphasia"

Question 56

The inability to repeat words spoken by another is called:

A)Expressive aphasia"
B)Global aphasia"
C)Conduction aphasia"
D)Receptive aphasia"

Question 57

Widespread damage to the lateral cortex of the left hemisphere may result in:

A)Deafness"
B)Autism spectrum disorder"
C)Dyslexia"
D)Global aphasia"

Question 58

Global aphasia can result from widespread damage to the:

A)Brain stem"
B)Temporal lobe of the right hemisphere"
C)Lateral cortex of the left hemisphere"
D)Prefrontal cortex"

Question 59

The inability to retrieve the correct verb when communicating is called:

A)Apraxia"
B)Alexia"
C)Averbia"
D)Amusia"

Question 60

Nouns seem to be stored in which area of the brain?

A)The right posterior temporal lobe"
B)The left anterior temporal lobe"
C)The right premotor cortex"
D)The left premotor cortex"

Question 61

Kanwisher's fMRI data shows that there is a correlation between ___________ and the left frontal lobe and the left temporal-parietal area.

A)Working memory-specific tasks"
B)Arithmetic-specific tasks"
C)Language-specific tasks"
D)Music-specific tasks"

Question 62

Sakai's study on a causal link between brain region and language used:

A)Electrical stimulation mapping"
B)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)"
C)Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)"
D)Positron emission tomography (PET)"

Question 63

Sakai's study on a causal link between brain region and language asked participants to identify:

A)Pronunciation errors"
B)Syntactic and semantic errors"
C)Misspellings"
D)Nouns and verbs"

Question 64

Ojemann and Whitaker used ___________ to look for differences in the way the brain encodes primary and secondary languages.

A)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)"
B)Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)"
C)Positron emission tomography (PET)"
D)Electrical stimulation mapping"

Question 65

Any reading disorder where the individual has difficulty recognizing and processing alphabetical symbols and words is called:

A)Dysphonia"
B)Alexia"
C)Dyslexia"
D)Aphasia"

Question 66

Often those with dyslexia have _____ problems.

A)Intelligence"
B)Visual"
C)Speech production"
D)Auditory"

Question 67

A child, although bright, is unable to copy a sentence from the chalkboard, and also often cannot remember content after reading a text book. It is possible that the child has:

A)Aphasia"
B)Alexia"
C)Dyslexia"
D)Dysphonia"

Question 68

If someone has difficulty recognizing words at the orthographic level, this means that they have trouble recognizing ______ language.

A)Spoken"
B)Foreign"
C)Written"
D)None of the above"

Question 69

Orthographic level difficulties can be referred to as:

A)Deep dyslexia"
B)Surface dyslexia"
C)Dysphonia"
D)Alexia"

Question 70

Those with deep dyslexia will have difficulty:

A)Understanding what is writtem"
B)Understanding what is spoken"
C)Both of the above"
D)Neither of the above"

Question 71

Those with surface dyslexia will have difficulty:

A)Following verbal commands"
B)Understanding what is written"
C)Producing language"
D)Understanding what is spoken"

Question 72

Those with dyslexia show less-than-normal activation in which part of the brain (in response to written words)?

A)The premotor cortex"
B)The visual cortex"
C)The right temporal lobe"
D)The retinal ganglion cells"

Question 73

The two hemispheres of the brain are found to be more symmetrical than is common in those with:

A)Autism spectrum disorders"
B)Aphasia"
C)Split-brain"
D)Dyslexia"

Question 74

Individuals with dyslexia have hemispheres that are __________ than is common.

A)More interconnected"
B)Smaller"
C)More symmetrical"
D)Larger"

Question 75

Stuttering is caused by higher-than-normal activation in which of the following areas?

A)Wernicke's area"
B)The primary auditory cortex"
C)Broca's area"
D)The angular gyrus"

Question 76

Stuttering is linked to reduced activity in the:

A)frontal lobe"
B)temporal lobe"
C)occipital lobe"
D)All of the above"

Question 77

In the case of King George VI, stuttering was alleviated by singing, rather than speaking. Why did this work?

A)Singing actually didn't work. The king's stuttering was alleviated through the use of electric shock therapy"
B)Singing allowed the king to practice his articulation, and this eventually led to less stuttering"
C)Singing activated the auditory areas of the brain, providing feedback"
D)Singing lowered the amount of activity in the premotor cortex, allowing for the king to slow down the movements of his mouth"

Question 78

Language dominancy can be most definitively determined through:

A)Electrical stimulation"
B)fMRI"
C)EEG"
D)A Wada test"

Question 79

A barbiturate is used to _______ the brain in the Wada test.

A)Color code"
B)Anesthetize"
C)Activate"
D)Electrically stimulate"

Question 80

Apraxia is difficulty:

A)Recognizing a melody"
B)Performing movements out of context"
C)Recognizing and processing alphabetical words and symbols"
D)Repeating what is said by others"