Deck 5: Stages of cognitive development

Question 1

In a typically developing child,what age will he reach Piaget's highest cognitive stage?

A) 18 years old
B) 8 years old
C) 25 years old
D) 12 years old

Answer 1

18 years old

Question 2

Piagetian theory is often referred to as a:

A) sociocultural approach
B) constructivist approach
C) domain-general approach
D) clinical approach

Answer 2

constructivist approach

Question 3

Adaptation of mental structures takes place through the mechanisms of ________ and ________.

A) imitation, exposure
B) schemas, assimilation
C) accommodation, schemas
D) accommodation, assimilation

Answer 3

accommodation, assimilation

Question 4

Throughout Piaget's work on cognitive development,he often confused:

A) competence and performance
B) competence and consistency
C) achievement and sustained change
D) competence and achievement

Question 5

Which of the following is not a part of the formal operational stage according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

A) here and now thinking
B) abstract thought
C) propositional thought
D) hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Question 6

Which theory emphasises age-related changes in processing capacity and processing efficiency as driving forces in cognitive development?

A) cognitive complexity theory
B) cognitive capacity theory
C) cognitive-domain theory
D) biological cognitive theory

Question 7

'Cognition' is the higher order mental processes that allow humans to ________ their environment and and to respond to it in ________ ways.

A) manipulate, adaptive
B) understand, appropriate
C) understand, adaptive
D) manipulate, appropriate

Question 8

A toddler recognises a beagle,labrador and dalmation all as dogs.This is an example of:

A) a scheme
B) accommodation
C) assimilation
D) adaptation

Question 9

One implication of Piaget's theory is that,from an educational point of view,young children learn best through direct experience with their ________.

A) peers
B) environment
C) caregivers
D) teachers

Question 10

The term used by Piaget to describe the creation and manipulation of representations of the outside world in order to solve practical problems is:

A) combinatorial logic
B) operations
C) problem solving
D) schematic manipulation

Question 11

Object permanence tends to develop alongside which sensorimotor milestone?

A) deferred imitation
B) egocentric thinking
C) secondary circular reactions
D) tertiary circular reactions

Question 12

According to Piaget,children's cognition passes through the following stages in this order:

A) preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational
B) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
C) preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
D) sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational

Question 13

When an infant accidentally touches his mouth with his fingers,initiates sucking and consequently experiences pleasant sensations,this is an example of:

A) incidental learning
B) secondary circular reactions
C) tertiary circular reactions
D) primary circular reactions

Question 14

The sensorimotor stage begins at birth and continues until approximately what age?

A) 2 years
B) 1 year
C) 3 years
D) 18 months

Question 15

Myles watches his dad throw a ball through an open window.A few days later,Myles picks up the ball and throws it through an open window.This is an example of:

A) observed imitation
B) deferred imitation
C) copycat behaviour
D) semiotic function

Question 16

According to Piaget preoperational thought is limited by:

A) egocentrism
B) centration
C) animism
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of the clinical method?

A) it helped explain quantitative shifts in children's reasoning
B) children were presented with a task or verbal problem that required a solution and explanation
C) the research approach was originally developed by Piaget
D) it was a relatively informal approach to research

Question 18

Which of the following deficits will not impact an infant's ability to complete the hide-and-search task?

A) spatial memory deficit
B) motor skill deficit
C) object permanence deficit
D) imitation deficit

Question 19

According to Piaget,one of the most significant achievements during the preoperational period is:

A) centration
B) symbolic representations
C) conservation
D) animism

Question 20

Stage theories of cognitive development generally make three assumptions; which of the following is not a common assumption?

A) each stage is equal in duration for all children
B) all aspects of cognition are assumed to develop across stages in an integrated fashion, affecting all aspects of thinking and reasoning
C) children pass through the stages in the same order and no stage can be skipped
D) the stages are considered to be universal, describing the pattern of development for all children, regardless of culture or educational background

Question 21

Piaget viewed the development of imitation as a slow process that was completed by 12 months of age with the onset of deferred imitation.

Question 22

Discuss how contemporary research findings have established limitations in Piaget's original theory of sensorimotor and preoperational development.

Question 23

Cognitive development is concerned with changes that occur from birth through to adolescence.

Question 24

Describe three toys that would be developmentally appropriate for a child whose development is within the sensorimotor stage and how these toys may encourage their development.

Question 25

Even if a nine-month-old infant views a hidden object being moved to a different hiding spot,the infant will look to the original place for the object.

Question 26

A limitation of Piaget's theory is that much of the research evidence suggests that cognitive development is continuous.

Question 27

Describe the changes that occur when a child advances from the concrete operational stage to the formal operational stage.

Question 28

Most studies have found that training and instruction do not have a significant effect on performance in Piagetian tasks.

Question 29

During the preoperational stage,children are more likely to involve others in their play routines than younger children in the sensorimotor stage.

Question 30

The chronological ages associated with each of Piaget's stages are approximate,but the sequence is assumed to be the same for all infants.

Question 31

Children in the formal operational stage are still not quite able to experiment to test a hypothesis.

Question 32

Neo-Piagetian theories are quite similar to Piaget's views,but differ in the stage-like changes.

Question 33

According to Piaget,a child's first sensorimotor schemes arise out of innate reflexes such as sucking and grasping.

Question 34

Choose two neo-Piagetian theorists.Describe their theories and how these theories are similar and different with Piaget's theory.

Question 35

Contemporary research on preoperational thinking suggests that preschool and young school-aged children are considerably more competent than suggested by Piagetian theory.

Question 36

Research has demonstrated that explicitly instructing children about a novel situation may reduce their spontaneous exploration and discovery within that situation.

Question 37

Schemes are independent,thus changing one scheme does not affect other schemes.

Question 38

One of the goals of science of cognitive development is to understand the psychological mechanisms that lead to changes in the thinking of humans.

Question 39

Children in the concrete operational period are able to follow and give directions for navigating.

Question 40

Explain the three basic theoretical assumptions of Piaget's stage theory.