Deck 7: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

According to the CRC, until what age is a person considered to be a 'child'?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 16
D) 18

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the CRC, what is the international "minimum age below which children shall be presumed not to have the capacity to infringe the penal law"?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 16
D) 18

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What of the following factors is NOT taken into consideration when determining the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR)?

A) Susceptibility to peer influence
B) Physical stature
C) Maturity of judgment
D) Perceptions of risk

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How many states in the U.S. have set an MACR?

A) 5
B) 13
C) 24
D) 46

Question 5

What does the English notion of parens patriae refer to?

A) A parent's obligation to protect their children's welfare
B) The juvenile criminal justice system of France
C) Increased punitiveness based on the desire to hold juveniles accountable
D) The State's right to intervene in order to protect a child's welfare

Question 6

Which model of juvenile justice focuses on the rehabilitation of the juvenile?

A) Welfare Model
B) Crime Control Model
C) Protection Model
D) A and C

Question 7

Which model of juvenile justice focuses on punishing the offender for the offense committed?

A) Crime Control Model
B) Justice Model
C) Welfare Model
D) A and B

Question 8

What does the term "responsabilization" refer to?

A) A parent's obligation to protect their children's welfare
B) The juvenile criminal justice system of France
C) Increased punitiveness based on the desire to hold juveniles accountable
D) The State's right to intervene in order to protect a child's welfare

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an element of the new approach to juvenile justice?

A) The focus shifting away from the offense committed to the offender
B) Youthful offenders are regarded as responsible for his/her actions
C) Victims are now central figures especially in media attention
D) The convergence between adult and juvenile justice systems, especially in the U.S.

Question 10

Which of the following pieces of French legislation created the first juvenile courts called the Courts for Children and Adolescents?

A) Criminal Code of 1791
B) Penal Code of 1810
C) Laws of 1912
D) Ordinance of February 2, 1945

Question 11

Which of the following pieces of French legislation recognized juveniles as a separate category of offender from adults?

A) Criminal Code of 1791
B) Penal Code of 1810
C) Laws of 1912
D) Ordinance of February 2, 1945

Question 12

Which of the following pieces of French legislation established a principle of education rather than correction?

A) Criminal Code of 1791
B) Penal Code of 1810
C) Laws of 1912
D) Ordinance of February 2, 1945

Question 13

Which of the following elements are true about the French crime prevention policy of the 1980s?

A) The National Council for the Prevention of Crime was established to formulate preventive programs that would avoid the same unrest that had occurred in Lyon
B) Local councils were set up for a 'bottom up approach'
C) A strategy of integration was implemented for deprived neighborhoods by creating partnerships between criminal justice and social agencies
D) All of the above

Question 14

What was the identity that has inspired the most fear in disadvantaged neighborhoods in the suburbs of Paris?

A) Older Italian men accused of being involved with the Italian mafia
B) Homeless men suspected of abusing substances
C) Poor Muslim males born of North African parents
D) Unemployed students protesting dire economic circumstances

Question 15

Which term best describes the strategy that decentralizes the justice system?

A) Territorial proximity
B) Human proximity
C) Temporal proximity
D) None of the above

Question 16

Which term best describes the strategy that incorporates greater usage of mediation and conciliation?

A) Territorial proximity
B) Human proximity
C) Temporal proximity
D) None of the above

Question 17

Which term best describes the usage of case flow management to resolve cases more rapidly?

A) Territorial proximity
B) Human proximity
C) Temporal proximity
D) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following was an outcome of the accidental deaths of two boys of North African ethnicity in November of 2005?

A) 4,000 rioters being arrested
B) A state of emergency being declared
C) The issuance of an executive order deporting rioting foreigners
D) A and B
E) All of the above

Question 19

Which is not one of the three tiers of juvenile court?

A) Judge
B) Prosecutor
C) Court
D) Assize Court

Question 20

Which period in Japanese history was regarded as a period of peace and stability where one's status was the organizing principle of governance?

A) Tokugawa Period
B) Meiji Period
C) Modern Period
D) None of the above

Question 21

Which period in Japanese history abolished the status system, established a centralized state, created a new police force, and mandated compulsory elementary schooling?

A) Tokugawa Period
B) Meiji Period
C) Modern Period
D) None of the above

Question 22

Which period in Japanese history introduced social policy initiatives including social work and the establishment of children's shelters?

A) Tokugawa Period
B) Meiji Period
C) Modern Period
D) None of the above

Question 23

Which term best describes social withdrawal in Japanese society?

A) Ronin
B) Yakko
C) Hinin
D) Hikikomori

Question 24

What is the most prevalent juvenile offense in Japan?

A) Traffic violations
B) Theft
C) Arson
D) Status offenses

Question 25

Which of the following schools are NOT included as part of the Juvenile Training School (JTS) system in Japan?

A) Primary Schools
B) Middle Schools
C) Secondary Schools
D) Medical Schools

Question 26

In addition to preventing recidivism, the 1991 Juvenile Protection Law incorporated which of the following elements into the juvenile justice system?

A) The definition of youth as below the age of 18 years
B) The provision of education as the principal measure for dealing with delinquency
C) The requirement that juvenile trials are closed to the public
D) All of the above

Question 27

What is NOT a common pattern in Chinese crime data?

A) Drug offenses are decreasing
B) Most juvenile crimes are property crimes
C) Sexual assaults and juvenile organized crime have increased
D) The average age of juvenile offenders has decreased

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the three Chinese categories of deviance?

A) Juvenile misbehavior
B) Serious juvenile misbehavior
C) Juvenile crimes
D) Serious juvenile crimes

Question 29

Which possible punishment in China features a combination of middle school education and light labor to teach morals?

A) Educational Supervision by a Social Help and Educational Group
B) Work Study Schools
C) Reformatories
D) Detention in a Rehabilitation Camp

Question 30

Which possible punishment in China is for juveniles who have been expelled from work or school for discipline violations?

A) Educational Supervision by a Social Help and Educational Group
B) Work Study Schools
C) Reformatories
D) Detention in a Rehabilitation Camp

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the five Confucian relationships?

A) Ruler and ruled
B) Father and son
C) Mother to daughter
D) Husband to wife

Question 32

Which possible punishment in China is for juveniles 14-18 who have committed serious offenses following adjudication by the juvenile court?

A) Educational Supervision by a Social Help and Educational Group
B) Work Study Schools
C) Reformatories
D) Detention in a Rehabilitation Camp

Question 33

Which possible punishment in China is for offenders over the age of 14 who are engaged in sex related businesses?

A) Educational Supervision by a Social Help and Educational Group
B) Work Study Schools
C) Reformatories
D) Detention in a Rehabilitation Camp

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT an international convention that standardizes the rights of the child?

A) Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
B) The Berlin Rules, 1992
C) The Beijing Rules, 1985
D) The Riyadh Guidelines, 1990

Question 35

Which of the following is true in regards to status offenses?

A) It is a form of controlling children's behavior that is perceived to be offensive
B) It is punishing children for non-criminal acts for which adults cannot be punished
C) The CRC committee recommends for State parties to abolish the provisions on status offenses in order to establish an equal treatment under the law for children and adults
D) All of the above

Question 36

Scandinavia has no juvenile justice systems.

Question 37

From 2000 onward, French crime reports shifted from a focus on violence as a national phenomenon to an emphasis on the crime of the immigrant.

Question 38

The modernization of Japanese women was a key component in sheltering them from delinquency.

Question 39

Japan's aging population and low birth rate makes parents more protective of their children.

Question 40

China uses the term "juvenile" to classify those under age 18.

Question 41

There has been an increase in female offenders in Chinese juvenile justice.

Question 42

Chinese juvenile crime tends to be predetermined and planned out.

Question 43

A combination of formal and informal social controls are needed for social harmony in China.

Question 44

The free market, neoliberal perspectives and move towards privatization and accountability has resulted in more lenient penal policies.

Question 45

One of the CRC committee's primary critiques of France's juvenile justice system is the favoring of repressive legislation over educational measures.

Question 46

Explain why and how the conceptions of 'youth', 'juvenile', and 'child' are based on the cultural and social constructions of each individual country.

Question 47

Identify three factors that contribute to the continued marginalization of impoverished North African immigrants in the suburbs of French urban areas.

Question 48

Provide an in-depth explanation of how China's collectivist society and emphasis on duty and obedience plays a vital role in shaping their juvenile justice system.