Deck 8: Feminist Theories: Gender, Power, and Crime

Question 1

Feminist criminology began to rise in which decade?

A) 1880s.
B) 1930s.
C) 1970s.
D) 1990s.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following was true before the rise of feminist criminology?

A) Males and females were equally involved in crime, but only male crime was being studied.
B) Males and females were equally represented among criminologists, but only studies by male criminologists were being published.
C) Female offenders were assumed to commit crime for the same reasons that males committed crimes.
D) The social experience of gender was given little or no importance.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true about liberal feminism?

A) It highlights the role of sex-role socialization in understanding gender patterns in crime.
B) It highlights the structured inequality of power in understanding gender patterns in crime.
C) It highlights the role of patriarchy in understanding gender patterns in crime.
D) It is the paradigm that underlies most of the current theory and research within feminist criminology.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In Women and Crime, Rita Simon suggests which of the following?

A) Women are at more risk for violent victimization within the family because of patriarchy.
B) Women's entrance into the workforce should bring about women's greater involvement in white-collar crime.
C) Extension of rights to women should bring about women's greater involvement in violent crime.
D) Women offenders are extremely rare; those who do exist are pathological.

Question 5

According to radical feminist scholars, patriarchy in the United States is the reason why

A) The rate of crime for men is low.
B) The rape and battering of women is widespread.
C) The rate of crime for women is high.
D) Men, in power fights over their masculinity, victimize only other men.

Question 6

Which of the following was associated with the women's rights movement, according to Freda Adler's liberation thesis?

A) Patriarchy became stronger.
B) Social opportunities for women increased, but the biological limitations of women kept them from committing many crimes.
C) Social equality caused women to commit more crime and to commit crimes that previously were committed mostly by men.
D) Because of better jobs and lower poverty, women became less criminal.

Question 7

Which of the following is argued by Chesney-Lind in A Feminist Theory of Female Delinquency?

A) Sexual victimization of girls is a major reason behind female offending.
B) More work opportunities for women have coincided with more opportunities for women to experience victimization.
C) Offending among women has increased dramatically, while victimization of women is declining.
D) Male delinquents outnumber female delinquents because of the special efforts of the juvenile justice system to protect girls.

Question 8

According to James Messerschmidt, men commit crime mainly

A) For biological reasons-they are programmed by their genes to be aggressive.
B) Because they lack self-control, as a result of weak parenting.
C) As a way of demonstrating their masculinity.
D) Because of their sexual victimization as young boys.

Question 9

Heimer and De Coster's gendered differential association/social learning theory suggests that females are more impacted by ______ than are males.

A) Association with aggressive peers.
B) Longer violent histories.
C) Exposure to antisocial peers.
D) Typescripts.

Question 10

Which of the following is not consistent with Broidy and Agnew's application of general strain theory to the explanation of female crime?

A) Males are more likely to experience strains conducive to crime than are females.
B) Males experience more overall strain than females.
C) Males are more likely to respond to strains with moral outrage than are females.
D) Males are more likely to cope with strain and negative emotions through crime.

Question 11

According to Masculinities and Crime,

A) Men portray the ideal of hegemonic masculinity differently, depending on social structural position.
B) Men portray the ideal of hegemonic masculinity uniformly.
C) Men portray the ideal of hegemonic masculinity differently, depending on personality.
D) Today's men reject the ideal of hegemonic masculinity.

Question 12

According to Messerschmidt, which of the following groups of boys is most at risk for displaying masculinity through hate crime?

A) White, upper-class boys.
B) Racial-minority, middle-class boys.
C) White, working-class boys.
D) Middle-class boys, regardless of race.

Question 13

According to Messerschmidt, which of the following groups of boys is most likely to accomplish masculinity by achieving academically and/or occupying high social status at school?

A) White, middle-class boys.
B) White, working-class boys.
C) Racial-minority, lower-working class boys.
D) All white boys, regardless of social class.

Question 14

In which of the following ways was Messerschmidt critical of feminist criminological theory?

A) He felt that feminist theory neglected the ways in which women's victimization affected their later offending.
B) He suggested that feminist theory neglected variation among men.
C) He suggested that feminist theory had a stereotypical view of women.
D) He said that feminist theory ignored social factors that were important in understanding gender differences in offending.

Question 15

According to Jody Miller, the culture of the street

A) Opposes violence against women.
B) Says nothing about the role of women.
C) Demands respect for women.
D) Validates violence against women.

Question 16

Inner-city black females have a

A) High rate of sexual victimization.
B) Low rate of sexual victimization.
C) Lower rate of victimization than other racial groups.
D) Sense of protection because of the street code.

Question 17

According to Jody Miller, which of the following is false?

A) Neighborhood residents' response to violence against women is often unhelpful to victims.
B) Young inner-city girls are more apprehensive about sexual harassment from adult men than from their peers.
C) Younger inner-city black girls' nonfatal victimization rates are similar to that of black adolescent boys.
D) Girls do not mind sexual harassment from their peers and friends and view it as playing.

Question 18

According to Miller, the primary means of spending time with peer groups is

A) At school.
B) At unsupervised parties.
C) At church.
D) On the street.

Question 19

This theory explains that fueled by social patriarchy, male peers legitimize, rationalize, and encourage the objectification and victimization.

A) Male social bond theory.
B) Masculinities and crime.
C) Male peer support theory.
D) Gender-based strain theory.

Question 20

Which of the following is most accurate regarding Steffensmeier and Allen's gendered theory?

A) It uses the theory of techniques of neutralization to account for gender differences in offending.
B) It uses Currie's theory of market societies to account for gender differences in offending.
C) It uses Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory to account for gender differences in offending.
D) It uses an integrative approach, drawing on several traditional and feminist perspectives to account for gender differences in crime.

Question 21

Describe the differences between liberal feminist perspectives and radical feminist perspectives in criminology.

Question 22

Describe Adler's liberation thesis. Next, explain three major criticisms of this perspective.

Question 23

Explain the link between female victimization and offending, according to Meda Chesney-Lind's work.

Question 24

What does it mean to say that criminology has begun "gendering traditional theories?" Provide details of two examples of such work.

Question 25

What is hegemonic masculinity? How is it displayed differently across race-class location, according to Messerschmidt?

Question 26

Describe the three facets of violence against women presented in Miller's work.

Question 27

How does neighborhood structural disadvantage result in higher victimization for women, according to Miller?