Deck 3: Corporate Responsibility, Stakeholders, and Citizenship3 Evaluating Business

Question 1

Crane et al define ethical theories as "the______ and principles that determine right and wrong for a given situation."

Answer 1

rules

Question 2

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with their conception of human beings.
-Egoism

A) Humans are actors with limited knowledge and objectives
B) Humans are motivated by avoidance of pain and gain of pleasure
C) Humans are rational moral actors
D) Humans are beings that are distinguished by dignity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with their conception of human beings.
-Utilitarianism

A) Humans are actors with limited knowledge and objectives
B) Humans are motivated by avoidance of pain and gain of pleasure
C) Humans are rational moral actors
D) Humans are beings that are distinguished by dignity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with their conception of human beings.
-Ethics of duties

A) Humans are actors with limited knowledge and objectives
B) Humans are motivated by avoidance of pain and gain of pleasure
C) Humans are rational moral actors
D) Humans are beings that are distinguished by dignity

Question 5

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with their conception of human beings.
-Rights and justice

A) Humans are actors with limited knowledge and objectives
B) Humans are motivated by avoidance of pain and gain of pleasure
C) Humans are rational moral actors
D) Humans are beings that are distinguished by dignity

Question 6

Deontological ethics focus on the outcomes or consequences of actions while teleological ethics focus on the desirability of distinct, abstract principles.

Question 7

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with the rules they employ.
-Egoism

A) Self-interest
B) Act or rule utility
C) Categorical imperative
D) Respect for human beings

Question 8

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with the rules they employ.
-Utilitarianism

A) Self-interest
B) Act or rule utility
C) Categorical imperative
D) Respect for human beings

Question 9

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with the rules they employ.
-Ethics of duties

A) Self-interest
B) Act or rule utility
C) Categorical imperative
D) Respect for human beings

Question 10

Match the major normative theories of business ethics with the rules they employ.
-Rights and justice

A) Self-interest
B) Act or rule utility
C) Categorical imperative
D) Respect for human beings

Question 11

_________ egoism is the notion that an actor may act in the interests of others in order to benefit their own longer-term interests, and as such it can be likened to _________.

A) Psychological egoism, Enlightened self-interest
B) Ethical egoism, Utilitarianism
C) Egoism, Utilitarianism
D) Enlightened egoism, Enlightened self-interest

Question 12

Kant's categorical imperative contains three parts. Maxim 3 states, "Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving". What does this mean?

A) Humans deserve respect as autonomous, rational actors and human dignity should never be ignored.
B) It is a test to check whether other rational actors would endorse our judgement of a certain situation.
C) It is a consistency test to check whether the principle underlying an action could be followed by everyone.
D) The maxim celebrates the inherent subjectivity of our moral decisions.

Question 13

According to John Rawls, justice is achieved when certain tests are met. What are they? Please select all that apply.
Page reference:

A) Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they benefit the least advantaged the most. Crane et al list this as test 2a.
B) Social and economic inequalities are to be arranged to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number of people whilst ensuring liberty for all.
C) Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive total system of basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. Crane et al list this as test 1.
D) Inequalities are to be arranged so that they are attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. Crane et al list this as test 2b.

Question 14

Crane et al define feminist ethics as an approach that prioritises the following above abstract principles: (Please select all that apply.)

A) Harmonious social relationships
B) Care for one another
C) Attention to the least privileged
D) Avoidance of harm

Question 15

According to Crane et al, postmodern ethics recommends the following way of deciding what is right and wrong in a given situation:

A) None of these options is correct.
B) The best way for deciding between right and wrong is for individuals to enter into discussion with others to generate situational norms.
C) Individuals should always follow the morals of their local communities.
D) Individuals should follow their emotions, inner convictions and gut feelings.

Question 16

Crane et al suggest a pragmatic use of ethical theory, in which the business actor sees an ethical dilemma through a 'prism' of ethical theories. What do they see as a main advantage of this approach?

A) The business actor is in a position to ethically justify any decision to stakeholders.
B) The business actor is in a strong position to argue within the organization for the firm to take ethical actions.
C) The business actor can draw up a general nine-point plan for ethical decision making.
D) The business actor is able to fully understand the issues and possible solutions.

Question 17

The state's duty to protect human rights, businesses' responsibility to respect human rights and the judiciary's duty to provide access for remedy of business-related abuses are all principles enshrined in the United Nations Guiding Principles on Human Rights

Question 18

According to Boatright (2014), justice typically entails what two forms of fairness?

A) Fair procedures and fair outcomes
B) Fair trade and fair treatment
C) Fair hearing and Legal Fairness
D) Fair distribution and fair hearing

Question 19

The simultaneous fair treatment of individuals in a given situation withtheresult that everybody getswhattheydeserve, is often called _______.

Question 20

Which of the following are crucial elements of social contracts?

A) Citizens voluntarily agree to rule by government and accept its authority
B) Citizens do not have to give up certain freedoms
C) Agreements are tacit, as they are implied, not explicitly codified
D) They are constructed through theoretical processes and therefore are hypothetical

Question 21

Which of the following are ways in which religious ethics typically differ from normative ethics? Please select all that apply.

A) Religious ethics are typically harder to see working in everyday business.
B) Religious ethics typically reference an external deity or organized system of belief as basis for determining right or wrong.
C) Religious ethics typically demand personal sacrifice, while normative ethics do not.
D) Religious ethics typically involve consequences including but also beyond tangible social benefits and harms for self and others.