Deck 11: Understanding Institutions: Family

Question 1

A social unit that provides a basis for emotional bonds and consists of a group of people who take responsibility for one another refers to a(n) ______.

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) family
D) multigenerational family

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is a nuclear family?

A) a household in which a cohabitating couple lives
B) a household that consists of extended family and friends
C) a household that consists of non-blood-related friends
D) a household in which parents and children live together

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A group of friends live near each other and babysit each other's children. They support each other when problems occur, and they cheer each other on. How would this group of friends be defined based on the institution of family?

A) Their emotional bonds would create a legal family connection.
B) Members of the group who rely on other members for help could be considered dependents.
C) Close friends can be considered family, but not legally.
D) Unless there is a head of the household, there is no family.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How is family socially constructed?

A) It is comprised of people with the same biological basis.
B) It is based on a unit of people who are related.
C) It is comprised of a mother, father, and children.
D) It is what society says it is.

Question 5

The Defense of Marriage Act, signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, cited that ______.

A) regardless of sexual orientation every person has the right to marry who they choose
B) marriage is between a man and a woman
C) the Loving case was constitutional
D) the legal benefits of family ties should be granted to all family structures

Question 6

Which court case ruled that states must grant marriage licenses to same sex couples and recognize same-sex marriage from other states?

A) Turner v. Saflev
B) Roe v. Wade
C) Loving v. Virginia
D) Obergefell v. Hodges

Question 7

Loving v. Virginia ruled that ______ could legally marry.

A) interracial couples
B) same-sex couples
C) inmates
D) juveniles

Question 8

Definitions of families are ______ through social policy, law, accepted practices, and shared beliefs.

A) institutionalized
B) normalized
C) hypothesized
D) solidified

Question 9

A woman and man who married in order to forge bonds between groups so that they gained more access to resources, likely belonged to which type of society?

A) industrial
B) hunting and gathering
C) horticultural
D) pastoral

Question 10

With the development of ______, marriage and lineage systems became increasingly about economic, social, and political gain.

A) agriculture
B) writing
C) industry
D) cash economy

Question 11

Based on the history of early families, how did settled agriculture impact marriage formation?

A) Marriage was used to facilitate trade and access to resources between different groups.
B) Marriage was used to create child workers for the fields.
C) Marriage was used to obtain social standing and increase wealth.
D) Marriage was used to create families with strong ties to each other.

Question 12

During the 16th and 17th centuries, a Native American society would likely use ______ to organize political, military, and economic transactions.

A) patriarchal structures
B) authority figures
C) tribal alliances
D) family ties

Question 13

In colonial North America, wives' legal subjugation to their husbands was known as ______.

A) alimony
B) polyandry
C) coverture
D) misogyny

Question 14

The precedent establishing that a child's enslaved status followed that of his or her mother was ______.

A) the Barbadian Black Codes
B) Plessy v. Ferguson
C) Virginia law, Act XII
D) the Middle Passage Statute of 1619

Question 15

Prior to industrialization, reproductive labor and ______ labor occurred at home.

A) machine-driven
B) productive
C) forced
D) unionized

Question 16

In the late 18th century, a White, wealthy woman living in the United States would likely be relegated to which sphere?

A) public
B) private
C) industrial
D) religious

Question 17

By the mid-1800s, activists for women's rights were victorious in securing for women the right to ______.

A) own property
B) vote
C) access birth control
D) be elected to public office

Question 18

What supported the separation of the public and private spheres during the 1950s?

A) residential integration
B) intersectionality
C) the feminist movement
D) family wage

Question 19

A person living in the United States during the 1960s and '70s would have seen great social upheaval and rapid change due to ______.

A) political shifts
B) social justice movements
C) global human rights movements
D) antimiscegenation laws

Question 20

As more women worked outside the home in the 1960s and '70s, they began to expect husbands to contribute more to household duties. However, oftentimes men still expected women to take care of the responsibilities in the private realm. Which term refers to this phenomenon?

A) social exchange
B) the feminist movement
C) the stalled revolution
D) intersectionality

Question 21

Studies show that current ______ rates have dropped.

A) gay marriage
B) cohabitation
C) marriage
D) cross-cultural marriage

Question 22

How has the increased acceptance of cohabiting couples changed societal views on family?

A) It has opened the door for greater acceptance of other modes of family, including same-sex couples.
B) It has created a situation where people do not see the need to get married when they cannot afford it.
C) It has increased interest in marriage as cohabiting couples eventually get married.
D) It has decreased divorce rates because couples have a better idea what they are getting into.

Question 23

How did Talcott Parsons explain the roles of men and women in a family?

A) Men and women have distinct roles based on innate biological characteristics.
B) Men and women have an overriding goal to care for and raise happy children.
C) Men and women have flexible roles based on individual family circumstances.
D) Men and women have distinct roles that are determined by income.

Question 24

According to the ______ perspective, families serve as a socialization agent and provide social stability and social harmony.

A) feminist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) conflict
D) structural functionalism

Question 25

What did structural functionalist Talcott Parsons argue regarding different roles in the family?

A) Biology has no function in the division of labor.
B) Social inequalities affected the division of labor.
C) Women are emotion oriented while men are task oriented.
D) All individuals in minority families must work outside the home.

Question 26

What do conflict theorists emphasize in family research?

A) traditional nuclear families
B) social inequalities
C) spatial division of labor
D) intergenerational poverty

Question 27

How would a conflict theorist explain coverture?

A) It was a means of separating the roles and males and females needed to accomplish for society.
B) It acted to ensure that mothers and their children were cared for by society if the father died.
C) It provided a set of rules for how husbands and wives should act based on societal understandings.
D) It ensured male power over females in society by removing more of their rights.

Question 28

A researcher who employs a feminist perspective when doing research on families would likely view families as ______.

A) inherently fluid
B) an equal structure
C) a needed stable unit
D) creating and reinforcing gender inequalities

Question 29

A mother teaches her daughter how to cook. The father teaches his son how to play baseball. How would a sociologist explain this based on the feminist perspective?

A) The children are being socialized to help around the house in numerous roles.
B) The parents are reinforcing obedience and learning in preparation for school.
C) The children are experiencing gender inequality reinforcement.
D) The parents are helping develop child self-efficacy.

Question 30

Conflict theorists look at multiple forms of inequality, such as class, sexuality, and race, when conducting research on family. Which approach are they using when they look at these different forms at the same time?

A) the intersectionality approach
B) the feminist approach
C) the transnational approach
D) the Marxist approach

Question 31

Sociologists who posit that families make decisions by weighing the costs and benefits of various actions within the family are using the lens of ______,

A) coverture
B) social exchange theory
C) the norm of reciprocity
D) the stalled revolution

Question 32

The expectation that we give and take in equal ways with others refers to ______.

A) coverture
B) social behavior theory
C) social exchange theory
D) the norm of reciprocity

Question 33

A wife works two jobs, while her husband watches the children and cooks the meals. How would a sociologist explain this based on the norm of reciprocity?

A) The husband is not contributing financially to the family and is violating the rules of reciprocity.
B) The wife brings in the money and the husband takes care of other family chores, creating a reciprocal relationship.
C) The husband has more responsibility than the wife for the family, which reduces reciprocity.
D) The wife works outside the home, while the husband works in the home, nullifying reciprocity as it goes against social norms.

Question 34

When a mother devotes a lot of quality time and effort to take care of her children, she is engaging in ______.

A) intensive mothering
B) helicopter parenting
C) concerted cultivation
D) accomplishment of natural growth

Question 35

Mothers at a school event disapprove of a working mother because she does not volunteer at the school or attend activities during the school day. The other mothers see her as a bad mother. How would a sociologist explain this?

A) The mothers are judging the working mother against the standard of intensive mothering.
B) The mothers are looking at the working mother's failure to engage in reciprocity.
C) The mothers are using concerted cultivation to get the working mother to volunteer.
D) The mothers must socialize the children to proper roles and the working mother makes that difficult.

Question 36

Middle-class parents believe it is important to reason and negotiate with their children and provide them with opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities. Their approach to interaction with their children can be described as ______.

A) coverture
B) intensive parenting
C) concerted cultivation
D) companionate childrearing

Question 37

Which social class is most likely to use an authoritarian parenting style?

A) the elite class
B) the working class
C) the middle class
D) the upper class

Question 38

Individuals who are taking care of their own children as well as their parents are known as the ______ generation.

A) sandwich
B) dual
C) baby boomer
D) overworked

Question 39

How does a member of the sandwich generation differ from a traditional nuclear family?

A) The sandwich generation is based on cohabiting or same-sex family arrangements.
B) The sandwich generation arose from an economic need for older children to move back home.
C) The sandwich generation consists of couples who do not become parents until they are in their 40s.
D) The sandwich generation includes parents who must also take care of their own parents.

Question 40

Karla and her husband were looking forward to being empty nesters when their youngest child went to college. But a week later, her mother fell and broke her hip, so Karla brought her to live with them. Now Karla is caring for her mother as well as her college-aged children. This is an example of ______.

A) generational blending
B) parental diffusion
C) the sandwich generation
D) dual parenting

Question 41

When a children experience family instability, those children will likely ______.

A) have better social skills than their peers
B) perform worse academically
C) be able to cope better with emotional problems in the future
D) openly express their problems

Question 42

Which of these is least likely to be considered a form of family violence?

A) sexual abuse
B) financial abuse
C) emotional mistreatment
D) gender role expectations

Question 43

Who is the most common source of abuse for children by the time they are 14 to 17 years old?

A) caregivers
B) the mother
C) the father
D) peers

Question 44

Children who witness a family member being assaulted tend to be ______.

A) victims of violence themselves
B) less likely to marry and have children
C) resilient and recover their sense of well-being and self-esteem
D) forever scarred from the experience

Question 45

Which couples are most likely to divorce?

A) older couples whose children have moved out of the house
B) couples with few resources
C) wealthy couples with diverse interests
D) same sex couples

Question 46

Which statement about marriage and divorce is true?

A) Marrying older is a key risk factor for divorce.
B) Growing up with divorced parents generally makes one's marriage less likely to end in divorce.
C) People are more likely to marry someone from a different social class.
D) Same-sex and different-sex couples have similar levels of relationship instability.

Question 47

Which action is recommended for parents to help children cope with family disruption?

A) Divorced parents can individually meet the needs of their children.
B) Parents can move their children to new schools.
C) Parents can access community resources.
D) Parents can keep information confidential about the child to avoid embarrassment at school.

Question 48

How does education impact divorce rates?

A) Educated couples are less likely to divorce because they have the knowledge they need to stay married.
B) Educated couples are more likely to divorce because they have the skills they need to support themselves.
C) Poorer couples are less likely to divorce because they do not have the education they need to support themselves.
D) Poorer couples are more likely to divorce because they may not have good jobs based on a lack of education and fewer resources for problems.

Question 49

How does the "second shift" impact marriage?

A) by increasing animosity based on gender roles
B) by increasing family income and decreasing conflict
C) by increasing cooperation between family members
D) by increasing frustration because there is less time for family events

Question 50

A couple has a new baby and would like to arrange their work schedules in order to take care of him. How would a right to request law impact this couple?

A) They would have the right to extended family leave.
B) They would be able to change the shifts they work.
C) They would not lose pay for dropping to part-time status.
D) They would not be penalized for requesting flextime.

Question 51

Which country does not have a federal paid family leave policy?

A) Sweden
B) Denmark
C) United States
D) Germany

Question 52

A majority of U.S households are headed by ______.

A) male breadwinners
B) female breadwinners
C) dual earner couples
D) unemployed single parents

Question 53

In 1993, the federal ______ was passed, entitling workers to get unpaid time off to care for a new baby, an ill child, or an injured spouse.

A) Healthy Family Act
B) Family Employment Security Act
C) Family and Medical Leave Act
D) Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act

Question 54

In spite of progress in implementation of family life policies, only ______ states require employers to provide paid sick time.

A) 5
B) 12
C) 15
D) 22

Question 55

If you work as a sociologist who owns a small business or in a large company within the human resource department advocating family-friendly policies, you are working in the ______ sector.

A) public
B) private
C) corporate
D) organizational

Question 56

Basically, family is a group of people who are biologically related and take responsibility for meeting each other's needs.

Question 57

The Defense of Marriage Act paved the way for legalizing same-sex marriage.

Question 58

Preindustrial families in the colonial United States were mainly self-reliant for food and clothing.

Question 59

Reproduction as it related to U.S. industrial families refers to the production of goods for sale.

Question 60

Structural functionalists favor the traditional nuclear family type.

Question 61

Social exchange theory looks at the benefits and costs of family membership.

Question 62

Intensive mothering is a system of support for mothers who need help.

Question 63

Once compulsory education took root in the early 1900s, motherhood shifted from a societal task to an individual one.

Question 64

Most poorer families parent differently than wealthier families.

Question 65

Middle-class parents are more likely to tell kids what to do and demand compliance than poorer families.

Question 66

Men and women report experiencing almost the same rate of intimate partner violence-about 1 in 3.

Question 67

Non-college-educated couples are more likely to stay together than their college-educated peers.

Question 68

According to research on the effects of divorce, most children experience no negative effects from divorce.

Question 69

The second shift refers to working two jobs outside of the house.

Question 70

Family life policies in the United States are generally more prevalent than in other Global North nations.

Question 71

Explain how families are institutionalized.

Question 72

During the 1800s, how were work and family life separated into separate spheres in the United States?

Question 73

Discuss the perspective of intersectionality.

Question 74

Discuss the various forms family violence can take.

Question 75

What do sociologists mean when they say U.S. families are overworked?

Question 76

Explain the role the stalled revolution played in changes to family structure in the 1960s and '70s.

Question 77

Explain the function of the norm of reciprocity in social exchange theory.

Question 78

What is intensive mothering? Is it still the norm today? Were you raised under this system? Give examples to illustrate your answer.

Question 79

How are children affected by divorce? What circumstances impact these effects?

Question 80

What is the second shift? Discuss its potential impact on marriages in your response.