Deck 1: Introduction Definitional And Historical Considerations, And Canada’s Mental Health System

Question 1

All psychologists would like to be able to prescribe medication.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Women seek mental health care more than men.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The media shapes our perception of the dangerousness of people with mental illness.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Anxiety Disorders carry the heaviest burden.

Question 5

There is no single defining characteristic of abnormal behaviour.

Question 6

Psychological treatment is fully covered by Medicare.

Question 7

Most Canadians see mental health issues as separate from medical problems.

Question 8

Lobotomies were never performed in Canada.

Question 9

Most people with psychological disorders can never be cured of their illness.

Question 10

The Psy.D. approach is based on the scientist-practitioner model.

Question 11

Demons thought to cause abnormal behaviour could be released by trepanning.

Question 12

Mesmer believed that one person could change another's behaviour.

Question 13

Pinel was the first to remove chains from the mentally ill in asylums.

Question 14

Hippocrates believed that abnormal behaviour was the result of brain pathology.

Question 15

It is easy to remain objective when studying abnormal psychology.

Question 16

Today more care is provided in psychiatric units of general hospitals than in psychiatric hospitals.

Question 17

In the Middle Ages, mental illness was often mistaken for witchcraft.

Question 18

Mental illness can affect anyone.

Question 19

The most recent research data shows that stays in psychiatric hospitals in Canada are typically longer than in psychiatric units of general hospitals.

Question 20

When mental health care is universally accessible, people with low SES seek care at equal rates to people with high SES.

Question 21

Focusing on prevention may help more than focusing on treatment on mental illness.

Question 22

Which of the following is least likely to be studied in abnormal psychology?

A) A prostitute
B) A psychopath
C) A developmentally delayed child
D) An anxious person

Question 23

Defining abnormal behaviour on the basis of personal distress or suffering is problematic for which reason?

A) Distress and suffering is normal in modern society.
B) Some disorders do not involve personal suffering.
C) It ignores the suffering of family members of disturbed people.
D) Only people with depression experience personal distress.

Question 24

Variations in cultural background make it difficult to define abnormal behaviour as simply behaviour which

A) involves a deviation from norms.
B) leads to dysfunction.
C) improves after therapy.
D) causes personal distress.

Question 25

While it is normal for students to get nervous before an exam, it may be considered abnormal for a student to be so anxious as to run screaming from the classroom when the exam is handed out. This is an example of which criteria for abnormal behaviour?

A) Statistical infrequency
B) Unexpectedness
C) Disability or dysfunction
D) Personal suffering

Question 26

Which characteristic of abnormal behaviour do cultural differences affect most?

A) Statistical infrequency
B) Violation of norms
C) Personal distress
D) Disability or dysfunction

Question 27

Transvestism (i.e., cross-dressing for sexual pleasure) was used in the textbook to make the point that:

A) The same behaviour both can and cannot meet criteria for abnormality.
B) Behaviours that distress other people can automatically be considered abnormal.
C) Even atypical behaviours may not necessarily reflect a disability.
D) Both A and C.

Question 28

According to the criteria outlined by Davison et al. in their definition of abnormality, which of the following is not part of the definition?

A) Whether the behaviour violates social norms
B) Whether the behaviour causes personal distress
C) Whether the behaviour reflects a past history of abnormal behaviour
D) None of the above

Question 29

Jim wants to be a professional basketball player, but his height (i.e., 5'5") will not allow him to make a career of the sport. This could be considered a ________________, but it is not a concern of abnormal psychology.

A) Statistical infrequency
B) Violation of norms
C) Personal distress
D) Disability or dysfunction

Question 30

Autism is based on which of the following definitions of abnormal behaviour?

A) Statistical infrequency
B) Violation of personal norms
C) Personal distress
D) Social distress

Question 31

Kevin was seen walking around campus naked on the first day of term. When campus security caught up with him, they told him he was crazy and needed a psychiatric evaluation, despite Kevin telling them he was a nudist. While Kevin is not mentally ill, his behaviour meets which criteria of abnormal behaviour?

A) Personal distress
B) Unexpectedness
C) Violation of norms
D) Disability or dysfunction

Question 32

Which of the following disorders would most likely not fit the "personal distress" characteristic of abnormal psychology?

A) Social phobia
B) Psychopathy
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Depression

Question 33

Which criterion for abnormality applies to Cindy? Cindy is an accomplished lawyer who sought psychological help in dealing with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities.

A) Unexpectedness
B) Violation of social norms
C) Personal distress
D) Statistical infrequency

Question 34

Ted, who has a fear of snakes, quit his job when he was asked to relocate to the Southwest (where snakes are more common.) This is an example of which criterion for abnormal behaviour?

A) Unexpectedness
B) Disability or dysfunction
C) Statistical infrequency
D) Violation of norms

Question 35

Which of the following was developed so that credentials of psychologists in one province would transfer to other provinces in Canada?

A) Agreement on Provincial Trade (APT)
B) Mutual Recognition Agreement
C) Canadian Psychological Association (CPA)
D) College of Psychologists

Question 36

A commonly accepted cut-off point for a diagnosis of mental retardation is an intelligence quotient (IQ) that is below:

A) 125
B) 100
C) 85
D) 70

Question 37

An illustration of abnormal behaviour would be:

A) Soiling oneself once a month at age 14.
B) Experiencing anxiety when engaged in rituals after leaving the house.
C) Losing control of oneself in anger, with no apparent provocation.
D) None of the above are examples of abnormal behaviour.

Question 38

A happily married man covertly purchases women's shoes. Afterwards he masturbates while wearing the shoes. This illustrates what definition of abnormality?

A) Disability or dysfunction
B) Unexpectedness
C) Personal distress
D) None of these; the behaviour is not abnormal.

Question 39

Pat threatened to punch out a student colleague when the latter refused to lend him $20. This is an example of which criteria for abnormal behaviour?

A) Unexpectedness
B) Disability or dysfunction
C) Statistical infrequency
D) A and B

Question 40

Which of the following illustrates the difficulty in defining abnormal behaviour as behaviour that is statistically infrequent?

A) IQ below 70 is considered mentally retarded.
B) It is unusual for people to have delusions.
C) Math prodigies are rare in the population.
D) Bedwetting is common in young children.

Question 41

Clinical psychologists

A) do not agree on the merits of being able to prescribe medications.
B) are currently able to prescribe medications in some provinces.
C) believe that no special training is required to prescribe medications.
D) align with psychiatrists in their views on psychologists prescribing medications.

Question 42

Psychiatrists differ from clinical psychologists in that psychiatrists

A) receive training in scientific bases of behaviour.
B) receive training in diagnosis of psychopathology.
C) undergo personal analysis as part of their training.
D) prescribe medication.

Question 43

Which profession requires a research dissertation as a prerequisite for a doctoral degree?

A) Psychiatry
B) Clinical psychology
C) Psychiatric nurse
D) Psychoanalyst

Question 44

Who delivers the majority of primary mental health care in Canada?

A) Psychiatrists
B) Psychologists and psychological associates
C) General Practitioners
D) Social Workers

Question 45

Clinical psychology Ph.D. candidates differ from Ph.D. candidates from other fields of psychology in that they learn skills in which two additional areas:

A) Diagnosis and ethics
B) Diagnosis and treatment
C) Diagnosis and statistics
D) Diagnosis and research design

Question 46

The Psy.D. approach is based on the ____________ model

A) scientist-practitioner
B) scholar-practitioner
C) medical-practitioner
D) boulder model

Question 47

If someone holds a Psy.D. degree, she or he is:

A) A doctor of philosophy
B) A doctor of psychiatry
C) A doctor of psychology
D) None of the above

Question 48

A psychiatrist holds a _____ degree

A) Ph.D.
B) Psy.D.
C) Ph.D. (psychiatry)
D) M.D.

Question 49

The doctor of psychology degree (Psy.D.) emphasizes

A) medication based training.
B) psychodynamic training.
C) testing and measurement of mental illness.
D) clinical training more than research training.

Question 50

According to Gauthier (2002), to become registered as a psychologist, one must demonstrate competency in the following core areas: interpersonal relatedness, assessment and evaluation, intervention and consultation, ethics and standards, and ___________

A) child development.
B) organizational behaviour.
C) medical-legal matters.
D) research.

Question 51

In Canada, according to Goering et al. (2000), the major proportion of mental health care is delivered by:

A) Psychologists
B) Psychiatrists
C) General Practitioners
D) Social Workers

Question 52

Psy.D. programs

A) have been in existence for many years in Canada.
B) will probably never be introduced in Canada because of disagreements among the provinces.
C) were introduced in Canada in the last 10 years.
D) will probably never be introduced in Canada because they duplicate existing options.

Question 53

Analysis of the results of the National Population Health Survey lead to the conclusion that psychological services in Canada are:

A) Vastly underutilized
B) Somewhat underutilized
C) Vastly overutilized
D) None of the above

Question 54

What is the difference between a Ph.D. and a Psy.D. program?

A) Ph.D. has more emphasis on research than Psy.D. program.
B) Psy.D. has more emphasis on research than Ph.D. program.
C) Psy.D. doesn't allow you to practice as a psychologist in Canada.
D) There is no difference between the two programs.

Question 55

Who regulates and has jurisdiction over the practice of psychology in Canada?

A) The Federal Government
B) The Provincial Governments
C) The College of Psychologists
D) None of the above; the practice is not regulated.

Question 56

Ernie is struggling with hallucinations. He visits a doctor, who prescribes medication for his symptoms. He most likely visited

A) a clinical psychologist.
B) a social worker.
C) a psychiatrist.
D) any of these professionals.

Question 57

There has recently been a debate regarding whether psychologists should be allowed to

A) focus on research rather than clinical practice.
B) study social factors influencing psychopathology.
C) admit patients to the hospital.
D) prescribe medication.

Question 58

The Ph.D. in clinical psychology has ________ as main focus.

A) therapy
B) treatment
C) research
D) medical

Question 59

Before the Mutual Recognition Agreement came into effect in Canada, there was ________ among the provinces and territories in terms of the minimal academic requirements needed in order to be registered as a clinical psychologist.

A) no consensus
B) some consensus
C) almost complete consensus
D) None of the above are correct; a mutual recognition agreement has not been reached.

Question 60

Bill lives in a small rural town in northern British Columbia. He has been clinically depressed for one year and has decided to seek professional help for his problem. Given Bill's geographical location, he is most likely to be seen by a:

A) A psychologist
B) A psychoanalyst
C) A family doctor
D) A psychiatrist

Question 61

The 'Malleus Maleficarum' was

A) a witch hunt manual.
B) a ceremonial guide used by witches.
C) a treatment manual used in early mental hospitals.
D) a Freudian perspective on mental illness.

Question 62

The somatogenic approach emphasized by Hippocrates suggested that problems result from

A) natural causes.
B) demonic possession.
C) dysfunctional beliefs and ideas.
D) neurotransmitter imbalance.

Question 63

Expelling evil spirits by chanting and torture is known as

A) somatic therapy.
B) exorcism.
C) witchcraft.
D) Santeria.

Question 64

Demonology was the

A) practice of expelling evil spirits from a possessed person.
B) devil worship and satanic cults that some ascribed to causing mental illness.
C) idea that an evil being may live in a person and control his or her mind and body.
D) somatogenic hypothesis of mental illness.

Question 65

The malleus maleficarum was

A) an ancient Greek method of treating depression.
B) an asylum for 'lunatics'.
C) a manual which specified symptoms of demonic possession.
D) a method of torture in the Middle Ages that led to confessions of delusions.

Question 66

In 1791, Cyrus was committed to an asylum in the United States. If he was treated by a supporter of Benjamin Rush, which treatment was he likely to have experienced there?

A) Token economy
B) Bloodletting
C) Exposure to a restful and quiet environment
D) Hypnosis

Question 67

According to the four humours (bodily fluids) theory of Hippocrates, depression is caused by an imbalance of

A) phlegm.
B) blood.
C) black bile.
D) yellow bile.

Question 68

Benjamin Rush offered several treatment methods for the "insane", one of which included

A) exorcism.
B) trepanning.
C) frightening.
D) removing chains from the mentally ill.

Question 69

When first introduced as a more humane form of treatment, moral treatment was

A) given to everyone who needed it.
B) given to only white people.
C) given to people only from the upper classes.
D) too abstract a concept to influence treatment given to anyone.

Question 70

Bedlam

A) originated from observations of the ritualistic chanting of 'witches'.
B) was a common practice of witches that involved trances and casting spells.
C) is the term associated with the chaotic conditions in early asylums.
D) the practice of prescribing total bed rest for mentally ill people.

Question 71

Erin has been extremely anxious and depressed over a period of several weeks. An advocate for the somatogenic hypothesis would suggest which of the following explanations for her problem?

A) Demonic possession.
B) A stressful life event.
C) A prior abuse situation.
D) A biochemical imbalance.

Question 72

When it was believed that deviant behaviour was caused by being possessed by evil spirits, two known treatments of deviant behaviour were:

A) Hanging and juices
B) Bloodletting and hanging
C) Exorcism and trepanning
D) Moral treatment and juices

Question 73

While trepanning of skulls was rather common among Stone Age or Neolithic cave dwellers, there is also evidence that it was practiced among:

A) East Coast Natives
B) North Eastern Inuit
C) North Western Inuit
D) West Coast Natives

Question 74

Early asylums were developed

A) to isolate socially undesirable people.
B) to protect people from the inquisition.
C) after the discovery of syphilis.
D) in conjunction with the somatogenic hypothesis.

Question 75

Hippocrates influenced psychology by

A) distinguishing medicine from religion.
B) emphasizing a psychogenic hypothesis of mental illness.
C) reforming mental hospitals.
D) suggesting mental illness was punishment from God.

Question 76

One problem with early asylums was that they did not just admit people with mental illnesses, but also admitted people who were homeless or beggars. Why was this a problem?

A) people who didn't need treatment were receiving it instead of the people who needed it
B) people were simply isolated from society at large and not offered actual treatment
C) people without mental illnesses were being exposed to harsh treatment (e.g., shock therapy)
D) people with mental illness were taken advantage of by the others

Question 77

Who is associated with creating more humane environments at mental hospitals?

A) Joseph Breuer
B) Philippe Pinel
C) John Watson
D) B.F. Skinner

Question 78

Egon, who lived in the Dark Ages, was receiving treatment for mental illness. Who was most likely treating him?

A) A psychiatrist.
B) A monk.
C) An asylum worker.
D) No treatment was provided.

Question 79

The first theory of deviant behaviour attributed the behaviour to

A) demonic possessions.
B) dysfunctional learning experiences.
C) excessive black bile.
D) hypochondria.

Question 80

In the Middle Ages, mental illness

A) was believed to be associated with magical powers.
B) was treated with more compassion than in modern times.
C) resulted in the sufferer being confined to converted leper hospitals.
D) resulted in burning at the stake.